（高考英语作文炼句）第35篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.面试是否是衡量一个可能成为雇员的人的准确方式取决于面试官的特色,面试本身以及应聘者这三者.Whetheraninterviewisanaccuratewayof

sizingup

(1.衡量)aprospectiveemployee(2.一个可能成为雇员的人)

hingeson

(3.取决于)characteristicsoftheinterviewer,theinterviewitself,andtheinterviewee.

1-sizeup

词典释义：sizeup1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

打量;估计;判断;评估

Ifyou

sizeup

apersonorsituation,

youcarefullylookatthepersonorthinkaboutthesituation,sothatyou

candecidehowtoact.【语法信息】：VPn(notpron)【语法信息】：VnP【语域标签】：INFORMAL非正式•SomeUSmanufacturershavebeensizinguptheUKasapossiblemarketfortheirclothes...一些美国生产商一直在观察英国是否会成为他们的成衣潜在市场.

•Hespenttheeveningsizingmeupintellectually.他整晚都在若有所思地打量我.

外刊例句：Itisasensitivesubjectformany.Still,alotoforganisationswouldliketobeableto

size

up

thosewhousetheirservices.

()对于许多组织而言,这是个敏感话题.不过许多组织都将能评估那些使用他们服务的用户.

替换表达：assess/evaluate

学生错误表达：(1)

measure点评：measure作动词时一般的说法是measuresomebody/somethingagainstsomebody/something,将……与……作比较,这里用assess/evaluate比较好.

2-aprospectiveemployee

词典释义：prospective

[prə'spek.tɪv]

adjective

prospectivebuyers/employers/parents,etc.

ADVANCED

■peoplewhoareexpectedtobuysomething/employsomeone/becomeaparent,etc

潜在的客户／可能成为雇主的人／即将为人父母者等

•We'vehadthreesetsof

prospective

buyerslookingroundthehouse.已经有三批可能买我们房子的人来看过房子了.

外刊例句：Thisisasituationalinterviewingtechniquethatposesan

on-the-jobproblemtoseehowthe

prospective

employee

willrespond.

()这是一种情景面试技术,可以模拟出"真实工作”问题,从而观察到面试者会如果应对这些问题.

替换表达：apossible/potentialemployee

学生错误表达：(1)

alatent

employee点评：latent一般指"潜在的,潜伏的(疾病、战争或紧张关系等)”,例如：Thevirusremainslatentinthebodyformanyyears.这种病毒会在体内潜伏许多年.不能用latent来指潜在的雇员.(2)

apersonwho

maybecomeanemployee点评：语法上没错,但表达过于冗长,可以改为apotential/prospectiveemployee

3-hingeon

词典释义：hinge

Phrasal

Verbs

hingeon/uponsth

■Ifonethinghingesonanother,thefirstthingdepends

onthesecondthingorisveryinfluencedbyit

依靠,取决于•Theprosecution'scase

hinged

ontheevidenceofa

witnesswhodiedbeforethetrial.控方的案子取决于一位证人的证词,而该证人已在审判前死去.

外刊例句：The

futureofIslamicbankinginBangladeshmay

hingeon

whetherheisright.()孟加拉国的伊斯兰银行业的前景取决于他是否正确.

替换表达：dependon/hangon

学生错误表达：(1)

liein点评：liein是指"睡懒觉”,例如：Shelikestoliein[=sleepin]onSaturdays.不可以用liein来指"依赖”.

2.对我们当中很多人来说,工作面试是紧张的根源.我们情不自禁地担心如果在面试间回答错误了一个问题,我们获得一个可能很棒的工作的机会就会化为泡影.Formanyofus,jobinterviewsare

asourceof

(1.……的根源)anxiety.We

cannothelpbut

(2.情不自禁地)feelafraidthat,byansweringaquestionincorrectlyintheinterviewroom,ourchancesofobtainingapotentiallygreatjobwillbe

ruined(3.化为泡影).

1-asourceof

词典释义：source4.N-COUNT可数名词

(困难的)根源,原因

The

sourceof

adifficultyisitscause.

【搭配模式】：Nofn•Thisgavemeaclueastothesourceoftheproblem.这件事给我提供了找出问题根源的线索.

外刊例句：Thehumbleschooltriphasbecome

asourceof

anxietyanddreadforparentsacrossthecountry.

()对于该国的家长而言,简朴的学校旅行已变成了他们的烦恼和痛苦之源.

替换表达：therootof/thecauseof

2-cannot(help)butdosth

词典释义：cannot(help)but

formal

phrase

tohave

nochoiceexcepttodosomething

Youcannothelpbutlikeher.

AsIlookbackovermycareer,Icannotbutsmile.

外刊例句：Yeteventhiswilloftenprovedifficult,theyargue,

thankstoassetslikeafirm’sreputationthat

cannothelpbut

besharedbetweentheoldbusinessandits

internalrival.

()他们认为,由于诸如公司声望等资产通常不得不由旧公司或国际商业对手分享,所以甚至连这种方法都常常显得困难,

替换表达：can’thelpdoingsth

3-beruined

词典释义：ruin['ru：.ɪn]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tospoilordestroyseverelyorcompletely

(完全)毁掉,毁坏;破坏;糟踏•Hugemodernhotelshave

ruined

thisonceunspoilt

coastline.庞然大物般的现代旅馆已经完全毁掉了这片曾经如世外桃源般的海岸.•Herinjury

ruined

her

chances

ofwinningthe

race.她受了伤,毁掉了赢得比赛的机会.■tocauseapersonorcompanytolosealltheirmoneyor

theirreputation

使破产;使身败名裂;毁灭•Cheapimportedgoodsare

ruining

manybusinesses.廉价的进口商品使众多公司正走向破产.

外刊例句：Wehavebeentoosqueamishindeclaringloveforour

country,andthatimpedesthewarningthatit

willberuined

byBrexit.

()我们变得在展露爱国情怀时总显得过于容易担惊受怕,而这限制了该警告的传播——"脱欧”将毁坏我们的国家.

学生错误表达：(1)

bedashed点评：dash一般与hope搭配：dashsb’shopes,这里用chancesbedashed不太合适,可以改为chancesbe

ruined

3.就业准备在保证学生能够获得符合职场里雇主要求的知识和技能上是至关重要的.今天的就业市场比以往任何时候竞争都要更加激烈,而且企业要求应聘者有专业的技能组合.Jobpreparationisvitaltoensurethatstudentsacquiretheknowledgeandskills

demanded

(1.需要,要求)byemployersintheworkplace.Today'sjobmarketismorecompetitivethaneverbefore(2.比以往任何时候),andorganizationsdemandspecialized

skillsets(3.技能组合).

1-demand

词典释义：demandUK

[dɪ'mɑ：nd]

US

[-'mænd]

verb

transitive

NEED

需求

■toneedsomethingsuchastime,effort,oraparticular

quality

需要,要求•Thisisaverydifficultpieceofmusictoplay-it

demands

alotofconcentration.这段乐曲很难演奏——需要注意力高度集中.•Heseemstolackmanyofthequalities

demandedof

(=neededby)asuccessfulpolitician.他似乎缺少成功政治家所应具备的很多素质.

外刊例句：ThiswasinturnfacilitatedbytheGreekparliament’svote

earlierthatdaytobackreforms

demanded

by

euro-zonecreditorsasaconditionfortalksonathirdbail-out

agreement.

()希腊议会于这天前对欧盟要求作为展开第三次财政紧急援助会谈条件的改革方案进行了投票支持,而这相应推动了该会议的进行.

替换表达：requiredby/neededby

2-thaneverbeforeever在以前学习的时候多被翻译为"曾经”,这其实是没问题的,ever有"atanytime”的含义,它和过去的时间背景在一起,就成了"曾经”."ever

before”可以直译为"以往任何时候”.

词典释义：ever3.ADV

副词

(用于比较级和最高级后表示强调)以往任何时候,曾经

Youuse

ever

after

comparativesandsuperlativestoemphasizethedegreetowhichsomethingis

trueorwhenyouarecomparingapresentsituationwiththepastorthe

future.

【搭配模式】：ADVaftercomparthan

【语用信息】：emphasis•She'sgotagreatvoiceandissingingbetterthan

ever...她的嗓音非常好,现在的唱功比以往任何时候都要好.

•Japaniswealthierandmorepowerfulthan

ever

before...日本比以往任何时候都更加富有和强大.

•Hefeelsbetterthanhehas

ever

feltbefore...他从未感觉这么好过.•'FearOfMusic'remainsamongthebestalbums

ever

formanymusicfans...对很多乐迷而言,《惧怕音乐》仍是有史以来最好的专辑之一.

•ThisisthemostawfuleveningIcan

ever

remember.这是我记忆中最可怕的一晚.

外刊例句：Onaverage,peoplethroughouttheworldhavebeenliving

longerandeatingbetter

thanever

before.

()平均而言,世界人民已比以往任何时候都要活得更久和吃得更好.

替换表达：morecompetitivethanever/morecompetitivethanatanytime

before

学生错误表达：(1)

thanany

othertime/thanthatinanyothertime点评：这里应该改为thanatany

timebefore(2)

thanbefore

atanytime点评：语序应该调整为thanat

anytimebefore

3-skillsets

词典释义：set[set]

noun

GROUP

组合

ESSENTIAL

countable

■agroupofsimilar

thingsthatbelongtogetherinsomeway

套;副

•WeboughtCharlesandMandya

set

of

cutleryasaweddingpresent.我们为查尔斯和曼迪买了一套刀叉餐具,作为送给他们的结婚礼物.•Ialwayskeepatool

set

inthebackofmy

car.我一直都在汽车的后车箱内放着一套工具.•Thedoctorsaidthathehadn'tseenthisparticular

set

of

symptomsbefore.医生说他以前没有见过这种症候群.•Weneedtoestablishanew

set

of

priorities.我们需要重新安排应优先考虑的一组事项.•Heorshehastohaveaverydifferent

skillset.

ADVANCED

countable

■anumberof

objectsorpiecesofequipmentneededforaparticularactivity,especially

playingagame

(尤指游戏用的)一套用具•achess/train/chemistry

set一副象棋／一组模型列车／一套化学实验用品

外刊例句：Others,however,mightlookattheindustriestheyfeel

mostpassionateaboutandworkouthowtheir

skillsset

couldfitin.

()然而,其他人可能在寻找最感兴趣的行业和探索如何让其技能组合与之相适应.

学生错误表达：(1)

skill

portfolios点评：portfolio是指"(个人或机构的)投资组合”,例如：Short-termsecuritiescanalsobeheldaspartofaninvestment

portfolio.投资组合里也可以包括短期有价证券.portfolio不能用来指技能的组合.(2)

skillmixes点评：mix是指"混合体”,这里应该改为skillsets(3)

correspond

techniquescombinations点评：technique一般指"(艺术、体育等方面的)技艺,技法,技能”,用在这里不合适.

Q：老师,vital后面的to为什么不是ensuring?这里to不是做介词吗?Jobpreparationisvitalto

ensure

that谢谢老师!A：vitalto后面也可以接动词原形,例如柯林斯词典例句：The

portisvitaltosupplyrelieftomillionsofdroughtvictims.这个港口对向数百万旱灾灾民提供救援物资是至关重要的.

Q：请问：有很多两个词连在一起说的,例如翻译原文里的知识和技能,这种后面如果接动词的话,是接单三(将知识和技能看成整体)还是接复数的动词形式呢?A：需要按动词的复数形式来算,例如BBC例句：Milkand

sugar

are

alsolikelytobe

expensivein2020,hewarns.其中milk和sugar都是不可数名词,但是合在一起需要用动词的复数形式.

4.尽管在城市工作的好处显而易见,但缺点也很明显.一方面,城市的生活成本要高很多;从食品到衣物,每样东西上面的价格标签都比农村地区要高.而且,从事一份城市工作需要忍受各种城市环境问题,包括交通堵塞,过度拥挤,以及严重的空气和噪声污染.Whiletheadvantagesofworkinginthecityare

self-evident(1.显而易见的),thedrawbacksarealsoapparent.Foronething,

thecostofliving

(2.生活成本)ismuchhigherincities;everythingfromfoodtoclothingcarriesasteeper

pricetag

(3.价格标签)thaninruralareas.Furthermore,takingupacityjobrequirestheabilitytotolerateavarietyofurbanenvironmentalproblems,includingtrafficcongestion,

overcrowding(4.过度拥挤),andhighlevelsofairandnoisepollution.

1-self-evident

词典释义：self-evident

[ˌself'ev.ɪ.dənt]

adjective

■clearorobviouswithoutneedinganyprooforexplanation

不证自明的;不言而喻的;显然的•Solutionswhichseem

self-evident

to

humans

areoftenbeyondthegraspofcomputers.对人类来说一些显而易见的解决办法常常是电脑所不能做到的.

外刊例句：Ifthereisatruthwhichtheworldnowholdstobe

self-evident,itisthattheUS

prisoncampinGuantánamoBayshouldclose.

()若问世界上有什么是显而易见的,那显然是美国应该把关塔那摩海岸监狱关闭.

替换表达：obvious/apparent

2-costofliving

词典释义：costof

living

●○○○○1.N-SING

单数名词

生活费用;生活成本

The

costofliving

is

theaverageamountofmoneythatpeopleinaparticularplaceneedinorder

tobeabletoaffordbasicfood,housing,andclothing.•The

cost

ofliving

hasincreased

dramatically...生活成本大幅上涨.•Companiesaremovingjobstotownswithalower

costofliving.各公司正在把工作岗位转移至生活费用较低的城镇.

可供替换的表达：livingcosts

外刊例句：Despiterampantinflation,adevaluationoftheKwacha

causedbyfallingcopperpriceshaspushedthecity’s

costofliving

downtojust41%ofNewYork’s.()卢萨卡尽管通货膨胀严重,但因为铜价下滑,其货币克瓦查币贬值,导致该城市生活成本仅为纽约的41%.

学生错误表达：(1)

life

expenditure点评：没有life

expenditure的说法,这里应该改为costofliving(2)

thecostto

live/expanseofurbanlife点评：表达不准确,应该改为costof

living,此外expanse是指"宽广的空间”,例如an

expanseofbluesky广阔的蓝天,不可以与expense(花费)混淆.

3-pricetag

词典释义：pricetag(also

price

ticket)

noun

countable

■apieceofpaperwithapriceonwhichisfixedtoa

product,ortheamountthatsomethingcosts

(挂在商品上的)价格标签;价格

•Howmuchisit?-Ican'tfindthepricetag.这多少钱?——我找不到价格标签.•Thesesuitshavedesignernamesandapriceticketto

match.这些西装的标签上印有设计者的名字和相应的价格.

外刊例句：Thoughthepricemaybeshockingtomany,analystswill

probablyviewthe$475,000

pricetag

asconservative.ABritishstudysuggestedthe"upperbound”foradruglike

Kymriahcouldbe$649,000.

()尽管该药物价格会令许多人大吃一惊,但分析师很可能会认为其47.5万美金的标价尚显保守.一份英国研究认为,像Kymriah这种药物的价格上限可能为64.9万美元.

可供替换的表达：pricelabels

4-overcrowding

词典释义：overcrowding

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

过度拥挤;拥挤不堪

Ifthereisa

problemof

overcrowding,therearemorepeoplelivinginaplacethanitwasdesigned

for.•Studentswereprotestingat

overcr