（高考英语作文炼句）第26篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.越来越多可以提供安全交易的可信赖的在线购物网站,加上曾经伴随网上购物而出现的欺骗和假冒行为正快速成为过去的事实,使得人们越来越乐意在网上购物.Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsitesthatprovide

securetransactions(1.安全交易),

coupledwiththefactthat

(2.加上……的事实)scamsandfraud

(3.欺骗和假冒行为)thatonce

associatedwith

(4.伴随)onlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.

1-securetransactions

词典释义：secureUK

[sɪ'kjʊər]

US

[-'kjʊr]

adjective

PROTECTED

受保护的

■(especiallyof

objects,situations,etc.)abletoavoidbeingharmedbyanyrisk,dangeror

threat

(尤指物品、境况等)安全的•Carmanufacturersoughttoproducevehicleswhicharemore

secure

against

theft.汽车制造商应该生产出防盗更佳的汽车.•Endangeredspeciesneedtobe

kept

secure

from

poachers.应该保护濒危物种不被盗猎.

transaction

[træn'zæk.ʃən]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whensomeonebuysorsellssomething,orwhenmoneyis

exchanged

交易(人们购买或出售物品,或兑换金钱货币)•abusiness

transaction生意•Each

transaction

attheforeignexchangecounter

seemstotakeforever.外币兑换柜枱的每笔交易似乎都要花很长时间.•Weneedtomonitorthe

transaction

ofsmaller

deals.我们需要监控规模较小的交易.

外刊例句：Nokia,EricssonandMotorolayesterdayjoinedforcesto

createastandardfordelivering

secure

transactions

onmobilehandsetsby2001.()诺基亚、索尼爱立信和摩托罗拉往日曾联手合作,于2001年时为移动设备的交易安全设立标准.

替换表达：safetransactions

学生错误表达：(1)

Safetrade点评：trade一般指"国与国之间的贸易”,这与普通的交易不同.(2)

Safebargains

点评：bargain一般指"便宜货”或者"协议”,例如：Themanagementandemployeeseventuallystruck/madeabargain(=

reachedanagreement).劳资双方最终达成了协议.这里用bargain来指"交易”不妥当.

2-coupledwiththefactthat

词典释义：couple['kʌp.l]

verb

JOIN

加入

transitiveusuallypassive

[usually+adv/prep]

■tojoinorcombine

连接;结合

•Thesleepingcarandrestaurantcarwere

coupled

together.卧铺车厢和餐车挂在一起.•Highinflation

coupled

with

low

outputspellsdisasterfortheGovernmentintheelection.低出口率与高通货膨胀率导致政府在选举中惨败.

外刊例句：Thelackofclarityoverregulations–

coupledwiththefactthat

internationalcannabisgrowershave

alreadybecomeinvolvedinresearchanddevelopment–hasledmanytofeara

returntocolonialfarmingdays,addedIndian.

()印度人称,监管不够透明,且国际大麻种植者也参与到了研究和研发,这让许多印度人害怕退回到殖民农业时期.

替换表达：togetherwiththefactthat/alongwiththefactthat

3-scamsandfraudfraud既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词.

词典释义：scam

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

(通常以诈财或逃税为目的的)诡计,阴谋,骗局

A

scam

isan

illegaltrick,usuallywiththepurposeofgettingmoneyfrompeopleor

avoidingpayingtax.

【语域标签】：INFORMAL非正式•Theybelievedtheywereparticipatinginaninsurance

scam,notamurder...他们认为自己是在参与一起保险诈骗,而不是谋杀.

•Theduosetupa

scam

to

settletheirrespectivedebts.那对搭档设了一计以消除各自的债务.

fraud

●●●○○1.N-VAR

可变名词

诈骗;欺诈

Fraud

isthe

crimeofgainingmoneyorfinancialbenefitsbyatrickorbylying.•Hewasjailedfortwoyearsfor

fraud

anddeception...他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年.

•Tax

fraudsaredealtwithbytheInlandRevenue.税务欺诈由国内税务局负责处理.

外刊例句：Scamsandfraud,weknow,tend

toproliferateatthemomentofmaximumuncertainty.()我们都知道：不确定因素处于顶峰之时,便是诈骗诡计激增之际.

替换表达：deceit/deception

4-associatewith

词典释义：verb

transitive

UK

[əˈsəʊ.si.eɪt]

US

[-ˈsoʊ-]

Phrasal

Verbs

associatesthwithsth

■Ifproblemsor

dangersareassociatedwithaparticularthingoraction,theyarecausedby

it

…是…所引起的;…和…有关联;…和…有瓜葛•Thecancerrisks

associated

withsmoking

havebeenwelldocumented.抽烟有引发癌症的危险,这两者的关联是有详尽的文献为证的.

外刊例句：Companiesarenowfacedwiththeprospectofmillionsof

potentialcustomerswillingtoboycottbrandsthat

associatewith

thetoxicpoliticsofTrumpismortosupportthose

whorepudiatethem.

()公司现面临着如此情景：百万潜在顾客将抵制那些与特朗普主义的恶毒政策有关的品牌,而支持那些反对这些政策的品牌.

替换表达：comewith/accompany

学生错误表达：(1)

Appearin点评：表达不准确,appearin是"出现”的意思.

Q：使得人们…这种使结构怎么翻译比较好?A：一般可以译为：makepeopledosomething/letpeopledo

something

Q：句子中hasmadepeoplemorewillingto,中文不是说越来越吗,请问能不能写成moreandmore?只写more是为什么呢?A：如果这里换成hasmadepeople

moreandmade

(=increasingly)willing

to也可以,此时moreandmore表示一种不断增加的趋势,如果用more则会侧重于与之前的行为做比较,有"更加……”的意思.

Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsites

thatprovidesecuretransactions,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraud

thatonceassociatedwithonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthe

past,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.

[分析]本句的主干是Thegrowingnumberof

trustworthyonlineshoppingsites…hasmadepeople

morewillingtoshopontheWeb,其中,主语部分是谓语hasmade之前的部分,其中心词是onlineshoppingsites,其前Thegrowingnumber

oftrustworthy及其后thatprovidesecuretransactions都是修饰中心词的定语,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraudthatonceassociated

withonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast为插入语作状语,补充说明onlineshoppingsites的信息,其中,that引导的名词性从句作thefact的同位语.谓语hasmade后跟people作其宾语,其后morewillingtoshoponthe

Web为宾语补足语.

2.虽然网上购物如果不小心或是没有节制,会对年轻人产生消极影响,但实际情况是网上购物在学生当中非常流行,甚至在今天都在继续提升普及度.Whileonlineshopping,

ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint(1.如果不小心或没有节制),couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,

thefactremainsthat

(2.实际情况是)itisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto

gaininpopularity(3.越来越流行).

1-ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint

词典释义：

restraint

●●○○○1.N-VAR

可变名词

限制;制约因素;管制措施

Restraints

arerules

orconditionsthatlimitorrestrictsomeoneorsomething.

【搭配模式】：usuwithsupp•ThePrimeMinisteriscallingfornew

restraintsontradeunions...首相正在呼吁对工会施加新的限制措施.

•Withopenfrontiersandlaxvisacontrols,criminalscould

crossintothecountrywithout

restraint.由于边境开放和签证管理松懈,罪犯可以毫无限制地进入这个国家.

外刊例句：Ifdonecarelessly

orillegally,

ontheotherhand,itgiftsthemanadvantage.

(www.)另一方面,这些事情若粗心或违法处理,将给他们带来可乘之机.

替换表达：...withoutcontrol

学生错误表达：(1)

ifnot

carefulorunrestrained点评：这样写会产生歧义,因为not可以理解为与后面的unrestrained搭配,变成了notunrestrained

2-thefactremainsthat

词典释义：thefactremainsthat

phrase

used

foremphasizingthatsomethingisstilltruedespitewhatpeoplehavesaidor

done

Everyonetalksaboutsexualequality,butthefactremains

thatwomenarepaidlessthanmen.

外刊例句：Hesayshehasdoneittemporarilyandunwillingly,when

allotheroptionshavefailed,but

the

factremainsthat

hehasdoneit.

()他称,自己是在其他方法都行不通时,才暂时勉为其难地做这事,不过这可改变不了事实：他做了这事.

替换表达：thetruth/realityisthat...

3-gain(in)popularity

词典释义：gain[geɪn]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

GET

获得

ESSENTIAL

■togetsomethingthatisuseful,thatgivesyouan

advantage,orthatisinsomewaypositive,especiallyoveraperiodoftime

(尤指经过一段时间逐渐)取得,获得,赢得,博得•TheNationalistPartyhave

gained

alotofsupport

inthesouthofthecountry.南非国民党已在南部地区获得很多人的支持.•Whatdoyouhopeto

gain

from

thecourse?

你希望从这门课程中学到些甚么?•Alternativemedicinehasonlyjuststartedto

gain

respectabilityinoursociety.另类疗法在社会上只是刚刚开始被认可.•[+twoobjects]ItwasherperformancesinAidawhich

gained

heraninternationalreputationasasoprano.正是她在《阿伊达》中的表演使她获得了国际知名女高音的声誉.•Afteryou've

gained

someexperienceteachingabroad

youcancomehomeandgetajob.在获得一些海外教学经验后,你就可以回国找份工作.

外刊例句：Thelattermight

gain

inpopularity

ifLinkedInkeepsusers’detailsuptodateandoffers

alertsifacontactmovesfirms.

()领英如果保持更新使用者的详细信息,并在他们跳槽到其他公司时予以提醒,那么后者可能会变得流行起来.

替换表达：becomeanincreasinglypopularchoice/growinpopularity

学生错误表达：(1)

enhance

popularity点评：enhance一般不与popularity搭配,这里可以改为gaininpopularity

Q：ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint,是把主语提到前面,还是省略主语变成从句呢?A：这里是省略了主语,相当于if(itis)donecarelesslyorwithout

restraint

Whileonlineshopping,ifdonecarelesslyorwithout

restraint,couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,thefactremains

thatitisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto

gaininpopularity.

[分析]本句的主干是thefactremains,这是一个主谓结构,其中,主语部分的中心词与其修饰从句被谓语remains分割开来,原因是谓语太短,为保持句子结构平衡,故这样处理,同时使句子重要信息放置在句尾(句尾信息焦点原则),在本句中,谓语remains之后的that从句作同位语,修饰thefact.在主句之前,是一个While引导的让步状语从句,其中包含了一个插入语ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint是一个条件状语从句.

3.过去百年中几乎所有的重大医学突破都极大地依赖于动物实验,而且毫不夸张地说每个活着的人都直接从中受益过.举几个例子：如果不利用动物,天花(smallpox)和小儿麻痹(polio)的疫苗接种就不可能被研制出来,器官移植也是率先在动物身上进行的实验.Almostallmajormedicalbreakthroughsofthepasthundredyearsreliedonanimaltestingtoasignificantdegree,and

itisnoexaggerationtosay

(1.毫不夸张地说)everyhumanalivehasbenefiteddirectly.

Togivejustafewexamples(2.举几个例子),thevaccinationsforsmallpoxandpoliocouldnothavebeendevelopedwithouttheuseofanimals,andorgantransplantationwas

pioneered

(3.开创)inanimaltesting.

1-itisnoexaggerationtosay

词典释义：exaggeration

[ɪgˌzædʒ.ə'reɪ.ʃən]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whensomeonemakessomethingseemlarger,moreimportant,

betterorworsethanitreallyis

夸张;夸大;言过其实

•SalreckonsoversixtypeopleweretherebutIthink

that'saslight

exaggeration.

萨尔估计那边有60几人,但我觉得有点夸张.•[+

to

infinitive]

It

wouldbe

no

exaggeration

to

saythatherworkhassavedlives.她的工作挽救了很多生命,这样说一点也不夸张.

外刊例句：Itisnoexaggerationto

say

thatphysicswasrebornintheearly20th-centurywiththetwin

revolutionsofquantummechanicsandthetheoryofrelativity.()毫不夸张地说,量子力学和相对论这两大物理学革命让物理学于20世纪脱胎换骨.

替换表达：Itistruethat...

学生错误表达：(1)

It'sno

exaggeratetosay点评：动词和名词误用,这里应该改为it

isnoexaggerationtosay(2)

Withoutmuch

fanfare点评：fanfare是指"(为庆祝而在媒体上的)喧耀”,例如：Theproductwaslaunchedamidmuchfanfareworldwide.这个产品在世界各地隆重推出.Withoutmuchfanfare用在这里不恰当.

2-togivejustafewexamples

词典释义：exampleUK

[ɪg'zɑ：m.pl]

US

[-'zæm-]

noun

countable

TYPICALCASE

典型事例

ESSENTIAL

■somethingwhichistypicalofthegroupofthingsthatit

isamemberof

典型;范例;实例•Couldyougivemean

example

of

the

improvementsyouhavementioned?

你可不可以举个例子说明一下你刚刚提到的那些进展情况?•Thispaintingisamarvellous

example

of

her

work.这幅画充分表现了她的作品风格.⇒

Seealso

exemplify

ESSENTIAL

■awayofhelpingsomeonetounderstandsomethingby

showingthemhowitisused

例子;例证•Studythe

examples

firstofall,thenattemptthe

exercisesonthenextpage.首先仔细研究一下例题,然后试做下一页的练习题.

外刊例句：Today,similarly,thereareoftensituationswherepeople

wanttreatment,butwheremedicinehaslittletooffer-lotsofbackpain,

stressatwork,medicallyunexplainedfatigue,andmostcommoncolds,

togivejustafewexamples.

()同样,人们现在仍经常在需要治疗时,药物却帮不了忙——背痛、工作压力、尚无定论的精神疲劳,以及最为普遍的着凉等众多病痛构成了这一小撮例子.

学生错误表达：(1)

Forexamples点评：没有forexamples的说法,应该是forexample(2)

Togivesomeexample点评：应该改为togivesome

examples

3-bepioneered

词典释义：pioneer2.VERB

动词

开创;倡导

Someonewho

pioneers

anewactivity,

invention,orprocessisoneofthefirstpeopletodoit.

【语法信息】：Vn

【语法信息】：V-ed

【语法信息】：AlsoV•...ProfessorAlecJeffreys,whoinventedand

pioneeredDNAtests...发明和倡导DNA检测的亚历克·杰弗里斯教授•ThecampaignsarepartofAmerican-styleinnovationsbeing

pioneeredbythenewuniversities.这些运动是几所新建大学倡导的美式创新的一部分.•...thefolk-talewritingstyle

pioneered

byGabrielGarciaMarquez.由加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯开创的民间传说写作风格

外刊例句：Baseball,whichbreaksdownintodiscreteandeasily

measurablechunks,hasprovedparticularlyamenabletosuchanalysis,which

waspioneered

byBillJamesinthe

late1970sand1980s.

()把棒球运动分解为众多分散的板块来分析已经经证实为切实可行,而这种分析方法最早由比尔·詹姆斯于20世纪70年代中叶开始使用.

替换表达：initiate

Q：动物实验是否可以用animalexperimentation呢?A：可以.这类表达可以用谷歌搜索或者语料库查证,如果发现有权威例证,就可以使用.

4.尽管没人愿意看到动物受苦,但动物实验的好处实在太大以至于无法放弃.绝大部分人愿意牺牲一些老鼠的性命以换取医学进步,这些进步在某一天可能会挽救他们或者他们亲人的生命.Althoughnobodywantstoseeanimalssuffer,thebenefitsofanimaltestingare

toogreattogiveup(1.太大以至于无法放弃).

Thevastmajorityof

(2.绝大多数)peoplewouldbewillingtosacrificeafewratsinordertogainmedicalprogress,progressthatmightonedaysavetheirlifeorthatofa

lovedone(3.亲人).

1-tooadjtodo

词典释义：

too

…

forsbtodosth•Theboxwastoo

heavyformetolift.箱子太重,我提不起来.

外刊例句："Thepotentialfor‘bycatch’is

too

great

to

be

ignored,”5Gyreswrites.()5Gryres组织写道"导致"鱼类误捕”的可能性极大,我们该有所重视.”

替换表达：so...that...

学生错误表达：(1)

bringssuch

enormousadvantagesthatitcanbehardlyquit点评：advantages改为benefits会更为自然;quit一般指"停止做(坏事或令人厌烦的事情)”,例如quitsmoking,quit用在这里不合适,itcanbehardlyquit应该改为itcanhardlybe

givenup;句子应该用so…that…结构,改为brings

somanybenefitsthatitcanhardlybegivenup(2)

so

overwhelmingthatpeoplecouldnotgiveupit点评：代词it必须放在词组giveup中间,giveupit应该改为giveitup

2-thevastmajorityof

词典释义：

thevastmajority(ofsth)

used

whenyouwanttoemphasizethatsomethingistrueaboutalmostallofagroup

ofpeopleorthings(…的)绝大多数：•The

vastmajorityofbooksonthesubjectarecompleterubbish.有关这一话题的绝大多数书籍都是一派胡言.

外刊例句：Unknownto

thevast

majorityof

thepopulation,asmallgroupofBritish70-year-oldshas

shapedthehealthandwell-beingofeveryoneinBritainfortheirwhole

lives.()大部分人对这群由70岁英国老人组成的小团伙都不知晓,但他们终其一生一直在为每位英国人的健康和幸福生活作贡献.

替换表达：theoverwhelmingmajorityof

3-alove