2024届四川省成都市高三下学期第三次诊断性检测考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

成都市2021级高中毕业班第三次诊断性检测英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。第I卷（选择题）1至8页，第II卷（非选择题）9至10页，共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第I卷（100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkofthedinner?A.Tasteless. B.Simple. C.Awesome.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Darling,howdoyoulikethefish?Itismyfirsttimecookingfish.M:It’smorethanasimplemeal.Itnotonlyfillsmystomachbutalsowarmsmysoul.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomancall?A.Tomakeanapology. B.Toadvertiseaproduct. C.Torearrangedelivery.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hellosir,thisisMary’sonlinestore.Isincerelyapologizeforthedelayinyourdelivery.Tomakeupforit,we’dliketoofferyoua5%discountonyournextpurchase.M:Oh,that’snoproblem.Thankyouforlettingmeknow.W:Wetrulyappreciateyourunderstanding.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?A.Gotohospital. B.Rolldownthewindow. C.Turnofftheair-conditioner.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Josh,doyoumindifIrolldownthewindow?M:It’sreallyhotoutsideandtheairconditionerison.W:Justforashortmoment,please.I’mfeelingabitdizzyandIreallyneedsomefreshair.WecanstillkeeptheairconditionerrunningM:Allright.Goaheadthen.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hisphonewasstolen. B.Helefthisphoneathome. C.Hisphonewasoutofpower.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,youfinallycalledback.Ikeptphoning,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Areyouokay?M:Sorryaboutthat,mom.MyphonediedandIcouldn’tfindachargeruntilIgotbacktoschoolW:Pew.Whatarelief.Iwasquiteworriedaboutyou.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport. B.Inahotel. C.Inashop.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,canIleavemyluggagehereforamoment?It'llbeeighthoursbeforemyflighttakesoff.Iwanttohangaroundinthecityforawhileandbuysomesouvenirs.W:Sure,followme.Thereisaluggageareafordepartingguests.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anoldfriend. B.Weekendplans. C.ATVshow.7.WhydothewomanandJeffreycontactless?A.Jeffreyhaschangedmuch.B.Jeffreyisbusywithhisdream.C.Jeffreyhasmovedtoanewplace.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Michelle,guesswho’sonTV?Jeffrey!Heishostingatalkshow.Comeandsee.W:Look,hehaschangedsomuch.M:Yes,helooksmoreenergeticandhaslostalotofweight.W:Andanewhairstyle.He’smorefashionable.M:I’msogladhe’smadehisdreamcometrue.Atalkshowstar.Heworkedsohard.W:WeweresocloseinBoston,butwehaven’thadmuchcontactsincehesettledinMiami.Whataboutinvitinghimoverfortheweekend?M:Sure,he’dprobablylikeaninvitation.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whowillthemanhelp?A.Theelderly. B.Littlekids. C.Thedisabled.9.Whatisthemostimportantwhenchoosingavoluntaryorganization?A.Location. B.Timetable. C.Interest.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Classmates. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】8.A9.C10.A【解析】【原文】M:Jenny,Ihaveavolunteeractivityafterclass.CouldyouletmomknowIwon’tbebackfordinner?W:Avolunteeractivity.Whatwillyoudo?M:I’llhelptheseniors.Someofthemhavenokidsandsomecan’tevenwalk.W:Amazing.I’vebeenthinkingaboutvolunteering,too.Anyadvice?M:Alocalorganizationthatsuitsyourtimetableisagoodchoice.Butwhatcountsmostisfindingoutwhatyou’repassionateaboutsothatyoucanmakearealimpact.W:I’vebeenwantingtohelpabandonedpets,andIknowourcommunityhasanorganizationforthat.Oh,Ican’twaittocheckitout,andI’llletmomknowwe’llbothbemissingdinner.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Aphotographer. B.Aproductdesigner. C.Asalesman.12.What’sthewoman’sadvice?A.Buyingsouvenirs. B.Avoidingtakingmuch. C.Preparingforhadweather.13.Whydoesthewomanthinkacameraisnecessary?A.Itsolvestheproblemsatwork.B.Ithelpsmaketheman’sstayenjoyable.C.Themancanearnmoneybytakingphotos.【答案】11.C12.B13.B【解析】【原文】W:Congratulationsonyournewjob.Areyoulookingforwardtoit?M:Yeah,butit’salwaysdifficultmovingtoanewcountryandpromotingnewlydevelopedproductstoforeigners.W:Oh,I’msureyou’llbefine.M:Didn’tyouliveinSriLankaforawhile?Canyouoffersometips?WhatdoIneedtotake?W:Well,justtravellight.It’ssohotyoudon’tevenneedajacket.Afewclothesareenough,butabigsuitcaseisnecessary,especiallyifyouwanttobuysomesouvenirs.M:AnythingelseIcantake?W:Acamera.Thescenerytherewillleaveyouwantingtokeep.EverymomentIcantellyou’reanoutstandingphotographer.Justtreatyourexperiencethereasajourney.You’llenjoyitandyoucanearnalot.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhydidthemangotoLondon?A.Forhisresearch. B.Fortravel. C.Onbusiness.15.Howdoesthemancollectthedataheneeds?A.Bysearchingonline. B.Bycarryingoutsurveys. C.Bymakinginterviews.16.Whatmakesmorepeoplebuygreenproducts?A.Price. B.Convenience. C.Environmentalconcerns.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudetogreenproducts?A.Supportive. B.Curious. C.Cautious.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,it’sbeensolongsincewelastmet.Whathaveyoubeenupto?IheardyoujustreturnedfromLondon,fortravel?M:IfonlyIhadtimetotravel.I’vebeenburiedinmygraduationpaperlately.Thetopicisthechangingtrendsinbuyinggreenproducts.IwenttoLondontocollectdata.W:Thatsoundsfascinating.Howdoyouconductyourresearch?Youasksupermarketsfordata.Idon’tthinktheywillgiveyoutheirbusinessrecords.M:You’reright.IhandoutquestionnairestocustomersandalsopostquestionnairesontheInternet.W:Haveyoufoundanyinterestingresultssofar?M:Yes,there’sanoticeableshifttowardsbuyinggreenproducts.Mostbuyersareawarethattheenvironmentalproblemsareurgent,andsomeofthembelievegreenproductsalsohavehealthbenefits.However,someconsumersstillputpricefirst,andtheyalsoconsiderconvenience.Bytheway,whatisyourattitudeaboutgreenproducts?W:Ofcourse,theyhavemanybenefits,butIjusthaveonequestion.Doesmakinggreenproductsconsumemoreenergy,whichinturnworsenstheenvironment?M:Hmm,that’sareallygoodquestion.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.What’sthespeaker’sadviceonnewclothes?A.Buyinguniforms. B.Choosingsuitableones. C.Wearingtheminadvance.19.Whathelpsleaveagreatfirstimpression?A.Usingrightbodylanguage.B.Answeringquestionssmartly.C.Showingyourreadinesstolearn.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Collegeapplicants. B.Newemployees. C.Jobseekers.【答案】18.C19.A20.C【解析】【原文】M:Soletgooverthekeypointsagain.Firstclothes.Youneedtomakesureyouweartherightkindofuniform.Perhapsyoursuitisperfectforagraduationceremony,butisittherightoneforwork?Selecttheclothesthatmatchthelookyouwant.Ifyouneedtobuysomenewclothesthengetusedtowearingthemforatleasttwodayssothatyoudon’tfeeltooawkwardorselfconscious.It’sokayiftheyarenotbrandnew,butit’snotiftheylimityourperformance.Nextremember,younevergetasecondchancetomakeagoodfirstimpression.Walkinconfidentlyandlookasifyoureallywantthejob.Whenyousitdown,situpstraight,keepyourhandsopenandrelaxedonyourlap,don’tcrossyourarmsorlegs.However,agoodfirstimpressionisnotenough.Youneedtobesmartwhenansweringquestions.Ifaskedaboutthereasonforquittingyourlastjob,nevercriticizeyourpastemployersorbosses.It’sthekissofdeath.Trytoanswerfromaperspectivelikeyourpersonaldevelopment.It’llshowthatyouhavematuredandarereadytolearn.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThenewscycleisdrivingustotheedgeofmadness,sowhynotswitchoff,unplugandpickupabook?Weknowyoucouldusealaughrightnow—andluckily,severalthousandsofyoutoldusallaboutthebooks,storiesandpoemsthatmakeyoulaugh.Wetookyourvotesandwiththehelpofourpanel(专家小组)ofexpertjudgeswecreatedthislistof100readsdesignedtomakeyoulaughoutloud.Wantslice-of-lifeessays?Loopypoetry?Textsfromfamousliteraryfigures?Scrolldown—we’vegotitall.Aswithallourreaderpolls,thisisacurated(精心筹划的)listandnotastraight-uppopularitycontest;unlikelastyear,you’llseethebooksaregroupedintocategoriesratherthanrankedfromoneto100.And,asalways,thereareafewthingsthatdidn’tmakethelist—surprisingly,Shakespearedidn’tgetenoughvotestomakeittothesemifinals.Thentherewerebooksthatdidn’tquitestandthetestoftime,orweresonewwecouldn’ttellwhetherthey’dstandup.Someoftheauthorsonthislistareincrediblypopular,andyouvotedtheminoverandoveragain.Becausespaceislimited,wetrytoholdeachauthortoonespotonthelist,buttherearesomeexceptionssuchasNoraEphron,whoourjudgesthoughtwasperfect.Andspeakingofourjudges,youwillfindacoupleoftheirworksonthelistthisyear—wedon’tletjudgesvotefortheirownworks,butreaderslovedworkssuchasSamanthaIrby’sWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLife,sothepanelagreedtheyshouldstay.Laughteristhebestmedicine.Justclickhereandstartreading!21.Howisthelistofthisyeardifferentfromthatoflastyear?A.Morebooksareincluded. B.Itismadeallbyreaders.C.Itmainlyfocusesonpoetry. D.Thelistedbooksareclassified.22.WhatcanwelearnaboutNoraEphron?A.Shefailstostandthetestoftime.B.Sheisnotsopopularasotherauthors.C.Shegetsmorethanonespotonthelist.DShebelongstothepanelofexpertjudges.23.WhyisWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLifekeptonthelist?A.Itiswrittenbyajudge. B.Itreflectsreallife.C.Itgetsenoughreaders’votes. D.Itattractstheexperts.【答案】21.D22.C23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了旨在引发开怀大笑的100本文学作品。21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aswithallourreaderpolls,thisisacurated(精心筹划的)listandnotastraight-uppopularitycontest;unlikelastyear,you’llseethebooksaregroupedintocategoriesratherthanrankedfromoneto100.(与我们所有的读者投票一样，这是一个精心策划的榜单，而不是直接的人气竞赛；与去年不同的是，你会看到这些书被分成不同的类别，而不是从1到100的排名。)”可知，今年的榜单和去年不同的是所列出的书是分类的。故选D项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Becausespaceislimited,wetrytoholdeachauthortoonespotonthelist,buttherearesomeexceptionssuchasNoraEphron,whoourjudgesthoughtwasperfect.(由于篇幅有限，我们尽量让每位作者都在名单上占据一个位置，但也有一些例外，比如NoraEphron，我们的评委认为她是完美的。)”可知，NoraEphron在名单上得到了不止一个位置。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Andspeakingofourjudges,youwillfindacoupleoftheirworksonthelistthisyear—wedon’tletjudgesvotefortheirownworks,butreaderslovedworkssuchasSamanthaIrby’sWeAreNeverMeetingInRealLife,sothepanelagreedtheyshouldstay.(说到我们的评委，你会在今年的名单上发现他们的一些作品——我们不让评委为他们自己的作品投票，但是读者喜欢SamanthaIrby的《我们在现实生活中从未见面》这样的作品，所以评审团同意他们留下来。)”可知，因为《我们在现实生活中从未见面》得到了足够多的读者投票所以一直在榜单上。故选C项。BAlmost40%ofallglobalemploymentmaybeaffectedbyAI,accordingtoanalysisbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Butdon’tbealarmed.Thatdoesn’tmean40%jobswilldisappearaltogether.Instead,we’retalkingabouthumansworkingalongsideAItools,notbeingreplacedbythem.Speakingatthe2023WorldEconomicForum’sGrowthSummit,economistRichardBaldwinsaid,“AIwon’ttakeyourjob.It’ssomebodyusingAIthatwilltakeyourjob.”Thismeansthatifyoudon’tknowhowtoworkwithAI,you’reinamuchriskierposition—certainlycomparedtosomeonewhoknowshowtouseittoimprovetheirjobefficiency.So,considerhowyoucouldstartintegratingAIintoyoureverydaywork.Canyouuseittopolishanemail,forexample?Canyouuseitasaproductivitytool…Ifnot,tryyourbesttogettogripswithit.Therearetonsoffree（andpaid）coursesouttherethatcanhelpyou.However,justknowinghowtoworkeffectivelywithAIisfarfromenough.It’salsoimportanttopositionyourselfintheorganizationinlinewiththethingsthatAIscan’tdo.Basically,thinkabouthowyoucantakeonmoreresponsibilitiesintheareaswherehumanskillsarestillneededandwillalwaysbeneeded—areaslikecreativity,complexdecisionmaking,interpersonalrelationshipsandsoon.Thesearetheareaswherehumanswillcontinuetohavetheedgeovermachines.Anyonewhowantstogainfutureworkplacesuccessshoulddeveloptherelevantskills.It’snotsurprisingthatchangeisuncomfortable.Buttoday’sworkplacesarefullofrapidandnear-constantchange.So,ifchangeissomethingyoustrugglewith,nowisagoodtimetoembraceandaddressthat.24.HowmayAIinfluenceglobalemploymentinthefuture?A.Itmaycauseseverejobloss. B.Itmaythreatenpeople’ssafety.C.Itmaychangethewaywework. D.Itmaylessenpeercompetition.25.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.AIhelpsusbecomemorecreative.B.AIcanhardlyreplaceusinsomeareas.C.AIismuchlesseffectivethanwethink.D.AIisabletomakecomplicateddecisions.26.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthechallengescausedbyAI?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.27.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.ToshareexperienceofusingAIinwork.B.ToadviseustostayrelevantintheageofAI.C.TointroducedifferentfunctionsofgenerativeALD.Toexplainwhyweshouldimproveourproductivity.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，而是人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Almost40%ofallglobalemploymentmaybeaffectedbyAI,accordingtoanalysisbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Butdon’tbealarmed.Thatdoesn’tmean40%jobswilldisappearaltogether.Instead,we’retalkingabouthumansworkingalongsideAItools,notbeingreplacedbythem.(根据国际货币基金组织的分析，全球近40%的就业可能会受到人工智能的影响。但不要惊慌。这并不意味着40%的工作岗位将完全消失。相反，我们谈论的是人类与人工智能工具一起工作，而不是被它们取代。)”可推知，人工智能可能会改变我们的工作方式。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Basically,thinkabouthowyoucantakeonmoreresponsibilitiesintheareaswherehumanskillsarestillneededandwillalwaysbeneeded—areaslikecreativity,complexdecisionmaking,interpersonalrelationshipsandsoon.Thesearetheareaswherehumanswillcontinuetohavetheedgeovermachines.Anyonewhowantstogainfutureworkplacesuccessshoulddeveloptherelevantskills.(基本上，你要考虑如何在那些仍然需要并且永远需要人类技能的领域承担更多的责任——比如创造力、复杂决策、人际关系等等。在这些领域，人类将继续比机器有优势。任何想要获得未来职场成功的人都应该培养相关技能。)”可知，从第四段我们可以推断出人工智能在某些领域很难取代我们。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’snotsurprisingthatchangeisuncomfortable.Buttoday’sworkplacesarefullofrapidandnear-constantchange.So,ifchangeissomethingyoustrugglewith,nowisagoodtimetoembraceandaddressthat.(改变让人不舒服并不奇怪。但如今的工作场所充满了快速且几乎不间断的变化。所以，如果改变是你挣扎的事情，现在是接受和解决它的好时机。)”可推知，作者对人工智能带来的挑战持积极态度。故选A。27题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讨论了AI对全球就业的影响，并指出虽然AI可能会影响到许多工作，但并不意味着这些工作会完全消失，而是人们将和AI工具一起工作。文章建议人们要学习如何与AI有效合作，并思考如何在需要人类技能的领域承担更多责任，以保持在职场中的竞争力。因此，文章的主要目的是建议我们在AI时代保持相关性。故选B。CSocialwelfareprograms,includingqualityearlyeducation,earned-incometaxcreditandhealthcare,canchangechildren’slives.Moreimportantly,recentstudiesshowthebenefitsfromtheseprogramsstronglyinfluencethenextgeneration,liftingthemoutofpoverty.Thelong-termimpactofprekindergarteniswellestablishedandwidelyknown.50yearsago,123three-andfour-year-oldAfricanAmericansfromlow-incomefamiliesinYpsilanti,Michigantookpartinanexperiment.AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.ThebenefitsofPerryPreschooldidn’tjuststopwiththosechildren.AstudypublishedlastsummerbyNobelPrize-winningeconomistJamesHeckmanandhiscolleaguestakestheimplicationsofPerryagiantstepfurther.ThisresearchshowsthatthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolersarealsobetteroffbecauseoftheirparents’experience.AsthePerrypreschoolersgrewup,theybecamebettereducatedanddevelopedgreatersocio-emotionalskillsthanthecontrolgroup.Theybecamebetterparents.Theirchildrengrewupinharmonioustwo-parentfamiliesthatmade,onaverage,about$10,000moreayear.Itwasenoughtoliftmanyofthemoutofpoverty.Thishealthyupbringinghashadalong-lastingeffectonthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolers.Comparedtothechildrenofthecontrolgroup,theyweremuchlesslikelytohavedroppedout,andmorelikelytohavegraduatedfromhighschool.Here’sanotherexample.ANorwegianstudydemonstratedthedecades-longimpactonbabieswho,duringtheirfirstyear,benefitedfromtheirmothers’havinghadtheopportunitytosignupforfreemotherandchildhealthcarecenters.Inthefollowingyears,theseyoungstersgrewtallerandstayedinschoollongerthanthosewhosemothersdidnotreceivethesamesupport.At40,theyareinbetterhealth.28.WhatdoweknowaboutPerryPreschool?A.Itprovidedearlyqualityeducation. B.Itdividedthekidsintotwogroups.C.Itreceivedkidsfromallbackgrounds. D.Itcontinuedtotrackhalfofthekids’lives.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“implications”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Truths. B.Assumptions.C.Effects. D.Suggestions.30.WhatdidthePerryPreschoolexperimentfind?A.Perrypreschoolersreceivedlesseducation.B.Ithadnoimpactontheparticipants’children.C.Earlyeducationcouldbringeconomicbenefits.D.Thechildrenofthecontrolgroupbecamehealthier.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?A.Earlyqualityeducationmattersmost.B.Socialwelfarecanbreakthecycleofpoverty.C.Wealthcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations.D.Parentsareimportantinshapingfuturegeneration.【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健全完善的社会保障制度，不仅可以改变一代人的人生轨迹，还会对下一代人产生深远的影响，打破贫困的代际循环。【28题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.(大约一半的人参加了一个名为佩里幼儿园的开创性早期教育项目，而对照组没有参加。从那时起，研究人员已经能够跟踪这些孩子的生活。与对照组相比，上佩里幼儿园的孩子在学校表现更好，赚更多的钱，也更健康。)”可知，佩里幼儿园提供早期优质教育。故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。文章划线单词下文讲到“ThisresearchshowsthatthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolersarealsobetteroffbecauseoftheirparents’experience.(新的研究表明，因为小时候接受过佩里学前教育，所以他们的孩子比起对照组的后代往往生活得更好)”可知，詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事对佩里项目的……有了更深层次的发现。结合第二段“AbouthalfattendedapioneeringearlyeducationprogramcalledPerryPreschool,whilethecontrolgroupdidnot.Researchershavebeenabletotrackthelivesofmostofthesechildreneversince.ThekidswhowenttoPerryPreschooldidbetterinschool,mademoremoney,andwerehealthierthanthecontrolgroup.(大约一半的人参加了一个名为佩里幼儿园的开创性早期教育项目，而对照组没有参加。从那时起，研究人员已经能够跟踪这些孩子的生活。与对照组相比，上佩里幼儿园的孩子在学校表现更好，赚更多的钱，也更健康。)”可推知，詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事对佩里项目的教育效果进行了更深层次的发现。因此，第三段中下划线单词的意思是“效果”。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Theybecamebetterparents.Theirchildrengrewupinharmonioustwo-parentfamiliesthatmade,onaverage,about$10,000moreayear.(他们成为了更好的父母。他们的孩子在和谐的双亲家庭中长大，平均每年多挣一万美元)”可知，佩里早期教育可以带来经济利益。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段“Moreimportantly,recentstudiesshowthebenefitsfromtheseprogramsstronglyinfluencethenextgeneration,liftingthemoutofpoverty.(更重要的是，最近的研究表明，这些项目的好处会对下一代产生巨大影响，帮助他们摆脱贫困。)”以及第四段讲到“Itwasenoughtoliftmanyofthemoutofpoverty.Thishealthyupbringinghashadalong-lastingeffectonthechildrenofthePerrypreschoolers.(这足以让他们中的许多人摆脱贫困。这种健康的教养方式对佩里家学龄前儿童产生了持久的影响。)”可知，作者想通过本文传达的是社会福利可以打破贫困的循环。故选B。DProfitsfromcuttingdownrainforestsaresurprisinglysmall.AfreshlyclearedsquarekilometeroftheAmazonrainforestfetchesanaveragepriceofonlyaround$12.Bycontrast,thesocialcostsofclearingitarehuge.Some500tonsofcarbondioxidearepumpedintotheatmosphere.Byanestimate,thatdoes$25,000ofharmbyacceleratingclimatechange.Yetstilltheworld’streesaredisappearing.Thesenselessmencuttingdowntreesreceivetheprofits,butall8billionpeopleontheplanetpayforthecosts.Clearly,iftheownersoftherainforestwerepaidnottodestroyit,everyonewouldbebetteroff.Ifrainforestswereinplaceswithclearlandownershipandafirmruleoflaw,theworldwouldnodoubtalreadyhavefundedsuchadeal.Sadly,theyarenot.Localofficialsareofteninleaguewiththeloggers,andmaybeloggersthemselves.ConsiderBrazil.Ithadaleader,whosidedwithillegalloggersandranchers(大农场主).Hestoppedfiningforestcriminalsandtoldillegalminersonlocalreserveshewouldlegalisethemining.Onhiswatchthepaceofdeforestationroseby60%.Localcommunitiesoftenrefusetofollowthelawandordersincetheyseemorebenefitfromdeforestationthanprotectingit.Andthelandownershipisamess.Whenit’sunclearwhoownsapieceofland,it’sunclearwhomtopaytoprotectit,orwhomtofinefordestroyingit.Leadershipmatters.Butevenunderbetterleaders,peoplelivingthereshouldseebenefitsinprotectingthem.Thatwillrequireabig,reliableflowofcashwhichshouldcomefromrich-countrygovernmentsandfromprivatefirmsbuyingcarboncreditstomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Suchcarboncreditscouldbeusedtopromoteagreenerlocaleconomy,andcleanuplocallandregistration.Ifthere’senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.Topreservesuchahugecarbonsink—nevermindthebiodiversityitcontains—thiswouldbeabargain.32.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellinParagraph1?A.Climatechangeisaccelerating. B.Rainforestclearingisratherprofitable.C.Carbondioxideisharmfultotheatmosphere. D.Thecostsofdeforestationoutweightheprofits.33.Whatmakestheworld’streesdisappearconstantly?A.Clearlandownership. B.Theabsenceofrelatedlaw.C.Profit-drivinglogging. D.People’swillingnesstobuytrees.34.Whatisneededtoprotecttherainforestaccordingtotheauthor?A.Morelandownershipfunds. B.Bringinginmoreprivatefirms.C.Awarenessofsavingbiodiversity. D.Payingthelocalsforthepreservationefforts.35.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.CashforSavingRainforests B.FightIllegalLogginginBrazilC.DilemmasofRainforestProtection D.RainforestDeforestationandClimateChange【答案】32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益，然而利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。作者认为可以付钱给当地人保护雨林。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Profitsfromcuttingdownrainforestsaresurprisinglysmall.AfreshlyclearedsquarekilometeroftheAmazonrainforestfetchesanaveragepriceofonlyaround$12.Bycontrast,thesocialcostsofclearingitarehuge.Some500tonsofcarbondioxidearepumpedintotheatmosphere.Byanestimate,thatdoes$25,000ofharmbyacceleratingclimatechange.(砍伐雨林的利润少得惊人。一平方公里新砍伐的亚马逊雨林的平均价格仅为12美元左右。相比之下，清理森林的社会成本是巨大的。大约500吨二氧化碳被排放到大气中。据估计，这将加速气候变化，造成2.5万美元的损失)”可知，作者想在第一段中表达的是砍伐森林的成本大于收益。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Yetstilltheworld’streesaredisappearing.Thesenselessmencuttingdowntreesreceivetheprofits,butall8billionpeopleontheplanetpayforthecosts.(然而，世界上的树木仍然在消失。愚蠢的人砍伐树木获得利润，但所有80亿人在这个星球上支付成本)”可知，利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ifthere’senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.(如果有足够的现金，有条件地支付，当地人将被鼓励保护树木，而不太可能选出不负责任的领导人)”可知，保护雨林需要为保护工作付钱给当地人。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Suchcarboncreditscouldbeusedtopromoteagreenerlocaleconomy,andcleanuplocallandregistration.Ifthere’senoughcash,conditionallypaid,localswillbeencouragedtoprotecttreesandlesslikelytoelectirresponsibleleaders.Topreservesuchahugecarbonsink—nevermindthebiodiversityitcontains—thiswouldbeabargain.(这样的碳信用额度可以用来促进更环保的地方经济，并清理地方土地登记。如果有足够的现金，有条件地支付，当地人将被鼓励保护树木，而不太可能选出不负责任的领导人。为了保护如此巨大的碳汇——更不用说它所包含的生物多样性了——这将是一笔很划算的交易)”结合文章主要说明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益，然而利润驱动的伐木让世界上的树木不断消失。作者认为可以付钱给当地人保护雨林。可知，A选项“拯救热带雨林的现金”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。There’snodoubtthatlonelinesshurts.FunctionalMRIsshowthattheareaofthebraintriggeredbysocialrejectionisthesameareathat’striggeredbyphysicalpain.Tounderstandwhylonelinesshurts,let’stakeacloserlookatfriendshipthroughtheeyesoftwoheavyweightphilosophers.InonecornerwehaveAristotle,whowrotethatwithoutfriends,there’snoreasontolive.TheGreekgreatbelievedthatfriendshipsarebasedonthevirtuesofthefriend.____36____ButtheproblemwithAristotle’stheoryisthatifyoulosesomevirtues,youshouldalsoexpecttolosesomefriends.Andthat’snothowfriendshipswork—atleastnotthegoodones.____37____SoasasharpcounterpunchtoAristotle,let’sturntotherenownedEnlightenmentphilosopherImmanuelKant,whosaidthatallpeoplehavevalueregardlessoftheirvirtues.Sinceweviewourtruefriendswiththiskindofunconditionalloveandrespect,wecanassumetheyviewusthesameway.____38____Beingawayfromourfriendstakesawaytheselife-affirminginteractions.Worse,havingnofriendsmeansourvalue,ordignity,isn’tbeingappreciated.____39____Thismayseemobvious,butthere’sacatch.Yourconnectionhastobeoriented(以……为方向)towardtheotherperson—notinwhattheycandoforyouandyourloneliness.Sosayhitoaneighbor,holdthedoorforsomeone,orvolunteeratthesoupkitchen.____40____However,they’llhelpyoufeelmoreconnectedtotheworld.Andthemoreofthesesmallstepsyoutaketowardconnection,thefartherawayfromlonelinessyou’llget.A.Thismaysoundfineatfirst.B.Theylastthroughthickan