新教材2025届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解高考真题典例二推理判断题

高考真题典例(二)推理推断题eq\x(Passage1)[2024·新课标Ⅰ，B]WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco­machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco­machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse­likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco­machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself­repair.”1．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco­machine.3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.eq\x(Passage2)[2024·新课标Ⅱ，D]Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell­being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark­goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman­natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit，”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.5．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A．Pocketparksarenowpopular.B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.6．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A．Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark­goers.B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.7．WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.8．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.[答题区]题号12345678答案高考真题典例（二）推理推断题Passage1【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思索且好学，他建立了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。1．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜爱探究房子四周的树林，视察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得澄澈。长大后，约翰起先想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及其次段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?（在高校学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了视察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、新奇心很强。故选C。2．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他对结果感到惊异。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，起先吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。3．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（这些年来，约翰担当了很多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运输河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。4．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据最终一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.（你把微生物放在新的关系中，并视察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。Passage2【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新探讨发觉城市中的野生自然对人类健康和华蜜感具有重要影响。探讨团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发觉与野生自然的互动可以创建出一种可用的语言，帮助人们相识和参加最令人满足和有意义的活动。该探讨呼吁爱护城市中的野生自然。5．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。依据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.（随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。假如你幸运的话，你住的地方旁边可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对自然的地方是罕见的）”可知，文章开头作者讲解并描述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。6．答案与解析：D推理推断题。题干问的是探讨人员将参加者提交的文件分类的缘由。依据第四段第一句话“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一种被探讨人员称为‘自然语言’的类别模式起先出现）”可知，探讨人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。7．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据第五段内容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperience