糖尿病的预防英文讲解

演讲人：日期：糖尿病的预防英文讲解IntroductiontoDiabetesLifestyleModificationsforPreventionEarlyDetectionandScreeningMethodsPharmaceuticalInterventionsforPreventionCommunityBasedPreventionStrategies目录01IntroductiontoDiabetesDefinitionDiabetesisachronicmetabolicdiseasecharacterizedbyelevatedbloodglucoselevelsduetodefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orbothDefinitionandTypesofDiabetesTypesofDiabetesThereareseveraltypesofdiabetes,includingType1,Type2,andGestationalDiabetesType1isanautoimmunediseaseleadingtotheconstructionofinsulinproducingbetacellsinthepancreasType2resultsfromacombinationofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatcauseinsulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiencyGestationalDiabetesoccursduringpregnancyandcommonlyresolvesafterdeliveryDefinitionandTypesofDiabetesDiabeteshasbecomeaglobalhealthissue,withanestimated463millionadultslivingwiththediseaseworldwideThisnumberisexpectedtoriseto578millionby2030GlobalValidityThevalidityofdiamondsvariessignificantlybyregionandpopulationgroupInsomeareas,itisaleadingcauseofmoralityandmorality,whileinothers,itisagrowinghealthconcernLocalValidityGlobalandLocalPrevalenceGeneticFactors:HavingafamilyhistoryofdiabetesincreasestheriskofdevelopingthediseaseCertaingeneshavebeenidentifiedthatareassociatedwithanincreasingriskofType1andType2diabetesLifestyleFactors:Unhealthylifestylechoicessuchaspoordiet,layerofphysicalactivity,andsmokingcancontributetothedevelopmentofdiamondsObesity,exceptionallyexceptionalobjectivity,isasignificantriskfactorforType2diabetesOtherRiskFactors:Age,gender,ethics,andcertainmedicalconditionssuchashypertensionanddyslipidemiacanalsoincreasetheriskofdevelopingdiabetes010203RiskFactorsAssociatedwithDiabetesReducingtheBurdenofDiseasePreventingdiabetescansignificantlyreducetheBurdenoftheDiseaseonindividuals,families,andsocietyItcanpreventordelaytheonsetofapplicationssuchasheartdisease,stroke,kidneyfailure,blindness,andaggressionImprovingQualityofLifePreventingdiabetescanimproveanindividual'squalityoflifebyavoidingthephysical,emotional,andfinancialburnsassociatedwithmanagingthediseaseSavingResourcesPreventingdiamondscansavevaluableresourcesthatwouldotherwisebespentontreatingtheissueanditsapplicationsThisincludeshealthcarecosts,lossproductivity,andthesocialandeconomicimpactofthediseaseImportanceofPrevention02LifestyleModificationsforPreventionConsumeabalanceddierichinwholegrains,fruits,vegetables,andleanproteinsLimitintakeofprocessedfoods,sugardrinks,andsaturatedfatsPracticeportcontrolandavoidanceavoidanceAdvisordietarysuppliesifrecommendedbyahealthcareprofessional01020304HealthyDietsHabitsEngageinmodalintensityairborneexercise,suchaswalking,biking,orswimming,foratleast150minutesperweekIncreasedailymovementandreducesedentarybehaviorIncorporatestrengthtrainingexercisesintoyourroutetobuildmuscleandbonehealthConsultwithaphysicaltherapistorcertifiedtrainerforpersonalizedexerciseplansRegularPhysicalActivityIdentifysourcesofstressanddevelopcopingstrategies,suchasdeepbreaking,treatment,oryogaPrioritizeself-careandmaketimeforrelaxingactivitiesthatpromotewellbeingSeeksupportfromfriends,family,oramentalhealthprofessionalMonitorandmanagechronicconditionsthatmaycontributetostress,suchaspainorsleepdisordersManagingStressandMentalHealthQuitsmokingtoreduceyourriskofdiabetesandimproveoverallhealthoutcomesBeawareoftheeffectsofalcoholonbloodsugarlevelsanddiabetesmanagementQuittingSmokingandLimitingAlcoholAttackLimitalcoholconsumptiontorecommendedguidelinesoravoiditaltogetherSeekprofessionalhelpifneededtoquitsmokingorreducealcoholintakesafely03EarlyDetectionandScreeningMethods010203FastingPlasmaGlucose(FPG)TestMeasuresbloodglucoselevelsafteranovernightfastItisusedtodiagnosediabetesandprediabetesOralGlucoseToleranceTest(OGTT)InvolvesmeasuringbloodglucoselevelsbeforeandafterapersondrinksasugarliquidIthelpsdiagnosediabetesandprediabetesbyshowinghowthebodyprocessesglucoseRandomPlasmaGlucoseTestMeasuresbloodglucoselevelsatanytimeoftheday,regulationsofwhenthepersonlastateItcanbeusedtodiagnosediabetes,specificallyinpeoplewithseveresymptomsBloodGlucoseTestingGuidelinesDiabetesRiskScoreAsimplequestionnairethathelpsidentifyindividualsatriskofdevelopingtype2diabetesFinnishDiabetesRiskScore(FINDRISC)Amoredetailedquestionnairethatconsidersage,bodymassindex(BMI),waitingcircle,physicalactivity,die,andfamilyhistorytoassessdiabetesriskAmericanDiabetesAssociation(ADA)RiskTestAwebbasedtoolthatcalculatesdiabetesriskbasedonuserinputssuchasage,gender,race/ethics,familyhistory,andotherfactorsRiskAssessmentToolsandQuestionnairesScreeningforHighRiskGroupsProgramsthattargetspecificpopulations,suchasthosewithafamilyhistoryofdiamonds,overweightorobjectiveindividuals,orcertainethicalgroupswithahighervalidityofdiamondsCommunityBasedScreeningOrganizedeventsthatofferfreeorlowcostscreeningfordiamondsandprediabetestomembersofthecommunityWorkplaceScreeningProgramsofferedbyemployeestoscreenemployeesfordiamondsandprediabetesaspartofawellnessinitiativeTargetedScreeningProgramsRoleofHealthcareProvidersinEarlyDetectionProviderEducationandTrainingHealthcareprovidersplayacriticalroleinearlydetectionbystayinguptodateonthelatestscreeningguidelinesandriskassessmenttoolsPatientCountingandEducationProvidersshouldincludepatientsontheimportanceofearlydetection,riskfactorsfordiamonds,andlifestylechangesthatcanreduceriskReferraltoSpecialistsWhennecessary,healthcareprovidersshouldreferpatientstospecialtiessuchasendocrinologistsordiabeteseducatorsforfurtherevaluationandmanagementOngoingMonitoringandFollowupProvidersshouldestablishaplanforongingmonitoringandfollowuptoensurethatpatientsreceivetimelydiagnosisandtreatmentifneeded04PharmaceuticalInterventionsforPrevention要点三MechanismofActionMetforminflowersbloodglucoselevelsbydecreasinghepaticglucoseproductionandincreasinginsulinsensitivity0102EfficiencyinPreventingDiabetesMultiplestudieshaveshownthatformalincanreducetheriskofdevelopingtype2diabetesinindividualswithprediabetesSideEffectsandConsiderationsCommonsideeffectsincludegastrointestinaldiscomfort,lacticacidosis(rarebutserious),andvitaminB12deficiencyMetforminshouldbeusedwithcautioninpatientswithrenalinsufficiency03MetforminforPrediabetesManagementThesedrinksstimulateinsulinsecretion,suppressglucosesecretion,andslowgastricemptying,leadingtoreducedbloodglucoselevelsTheyarebeingstudiedfortheirpotentialtopreventdiabetesinindividualswithprediabetesThesebugsblockthereabsorptionofglucoseinthekidney,leadingtoincreasedurinaryglucoseexcessandlowerbloodglucoselevelsTheyarealsobeinginvestedfordiabetespreventionTZDsincreaseinsulinsensitivitybyactivatingperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgamma(PPARgamma)However,theyhavebeenassociatedwithsideeffectssuchasweightgainandfluidretention,andtheirroleindiabetespreventionisstillbeingstudiedGLP-1ReceiverAgonistsSGLT2InhibitorsThiazolidinediones(TZDs)OtherDrugsUnderInvestigationCombinationofLifestyleandPharmaceuticalInterventionsCombininglifestylemodifications(suchasdieandexercise)withpharmaceuticalinterventionsmayprovideadditiveorsynergisticbenefitsinpreventingdiamondsThisapproachisbeingactivelyinvestedinclinicaltrialsCombinationofDifferentClassesofDrugsCombiningdrinkswithdifferentmechanismsofactionmayalsoprovideadditionalbenefitsinpreventingdiabetesForexample,combiningformalinwithaGLP-1receiveradvocateoranSGLT2inhibitormayleadtoimprovedglycomiccontrolandreducedriskofdiabetescomparedtomonotherapyCombinationTherapyApproachesRiskofHypothlycemiaSomepharmaceuticalinterventionsfordiabetesprevention,suchassulfonylureasandinsulin,carryariskofhypoglycemia(lowbloodsugar)ThisriskshouldbecarefullyconsideredwhenselectingatreatmentapproachPotentialforWeightGainSomediabetespreventionbugs,suchasTZDsandretainGLP-1receiverinhibitors,mayleadtoweightgainThissideeffectshouldbemonitoredandmanagedappropriatelyLongTermSafetyandTolerabilityThelongtermsafetyandTolerabilityofpharmaceuticalinterventi