2024-2025学年上学期北京高一英语期末典型卷1

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年上学期北京高一英语期末典型卷1一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2024春•宁德期末）Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation.Whetheritisyourlovelifeoraseriouslifestruggle，wemustlearnto（1）.Ifyoucouldtalktoyour（2）selvesagain，whatwouldyoutellthem？Forme，thebest（3）togivemyyoungerselfwouldbetobestronger，（4）lifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon.PeoplewhoknewmeyearsagowouldthinkthatI'mdeadnow，butlittledotheyknow.Ihadalotof（5）backthen，hadnoself﹣confidence，didn't（6）myselfandsomuchmore.ButnowIhave（7）.IfIcanbecomethebestofmyself，thensocanyou.Iamheretohelpyouwiththat.（8）yourlifecanbeeasyifyou（9）believeinyourself，andafterall，youonlyhaveyourselfinthisworld.Soturnthe（10）ofyourlifewithus，andmoveonfromevery（11）andheartbreak.Ichangedmylifeforthebetter，andnowitisyour（12）todoso.Ittookmedecadesto（13）thesecretwhichallofmylifestartswith.（14）yourproblemsare，thesolutionwillcometoyoueasily.Justbestrongerto（15）yourpast.（1）A.giveupB.giveinC.moveonD.moveaway（2）A.youngerB.wiserC.strongerD.healthier（3）A.resourceB.adviceC.recognitionD.dream（4）A.asifB.sothatC.untilD.because（5）A.problemsB.advantagesC.skillsD.illnesses（6）A.thankB.loveC.concentrateD.introduce（7）A.improvedB.fallenC.hesitatedD.agreed（8）A.ChangingB.AbandoningC.InfluencingD.Accepting（9）A.gratefullyB.trulyC.originallyD.nearly（10）A.pageB.coverC.stepD.strength（11）A.directionB.successC.quarrelD.struggle（12）A.rightB.roleC.turnD.duty（13）A.correctB.learnC.predictD.hide（14）A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.Whatever（15）A.approachB.protectC.dropD.record二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024春•涪城区校级期末）BusinessAnalyticsPosterCompetitionAreyouastudentoraprofessionalworkingonanalytics，managementscience，economics，ordatascience？Thisisyourchancetosharewhatyouhavebeendoingandnetworkwithtopexpertsinthefield.Presentations&ProductionGuidelinesSubmissions（提交）arewelcomedfromallindustryprofessionalsandstudents.Posterscanbeindividualorteamsubmissions.（Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers.）AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS.Postersmustbeproducedasasinglepage.Werecommendapostersizeof72incheswideby36inchestall，or48by36inches.Alongwiththestandardposterformat，wearealsoacceptingandencouragingpostersusingthe"headline"format.Freemodelpostersareavailablehere.VideoPresentationsofPostersYouwillneedtosubmitavideopresentationofyourworkthatisatmosteightminutesinlength.Youareencouragedtopromoteyourworkviasocialmedia.ThereisaSocialMediaAwardcashprizeforgainingthemostlikesonyourvideo!Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二维码）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter.AwardsJudgeswillprovidesuggestionsforeachsubmissionafterthegivenpostertimehasended.AwardwinnerswillbeannouncedonApril16.1stPlace：＄2，5002ndPlace：＄1.500SocialMediaAward：＄1，000ImportantDatesPosterSubmissionDeadline：March6，2024VideoPresentationDeadline：April5，2024PosterCompetitionMeetings：April15&16，2024（1）Whatisthenecessityforsubmission？A．Adegreeindatascience.B．ThemembershipofINFORMS.C．Aqualificationincomputer.D．Theaward﹣winningexperience.（2）Whatisrequiredforthevideopresentation？A．Includingapaperdescription.B．Winningwiderecognitiononline.C．Beingwithintenminutesinlength.D．Offeringaccessforpeopletocheck.（3）Howmuchcaneachstudentofafive﹣personteamwinningfirstprizereceive？A．＄200.B．＄300.C．＄500.D．＄1.000.3．（2024•包河区校级三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool，IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure（长期聘用），Ihadtobeproductive.However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork，whetherit'shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists（神经系统科学家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理学的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently，thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn'thurt，youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe，whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit'sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou'veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles，youknowwhatImean.That'sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly."Whenyou'reinsecureinone，yourelyontheotheronethat'sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability（柔韧性）isthedefinitionofstrength，"saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.However，I•hadn'thadthechance：Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections，Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents，andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（1）Whatwastheauthor'sreactiontotheleadingexpert'swords？A.Hetookhisadvice.B.Hefeltdiscouraged.C.Hepaidnoattention.D.Heconsultedanotherexpert.（2）Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout？A.Rejectionreallyhurts.B.Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C.Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D.Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.（3）Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection？A.Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B.Forgivethosewhorejectus.C.Turntoourstrongeridentity.D.Learnalessonfrompastfailures.（4）Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast？A.Heleftgraduateschool.B.Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C.Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D.Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.4．（2024春•东莞市月考）Humansareborntocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmany"likes"theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionairesenvymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated，"Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser."Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair，itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁荣，成功）.Onthecontrary，leftunmanaged，itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately，thereisaformulatosolvethisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge：Insteadofalwaysgoingforgold，shootforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt，althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser，thirdplacecanbetherealwinner—atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（长寿）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories，itwasfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears，livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists，wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction："Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth."Inotherwords，silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep，whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（领奖台）atall.Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation，andthusenjoyment.Decadesago，researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinteresttheyreported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhavingatimelimitmeanscompetingagainstthemselves—whichisoftenmorefun.Theprincipleatworkhereisthattryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceprovidesasensenotof"winning"butofprogress.Andtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetocompareyourselfisyou.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"dispensewith"inparagraph2probablymean？A．Stickto.B．Dependon.C．Getridof.D．Takechargeof.（2）Inwhichsituationwillpeoplebemostlikelytofeelgoodaboutthemselves？A．Treatcompetitionsasallornothing.B．Aimtooutperformothersincompetitions.C．Checkoutothers'victoriesonsocialmedia.D．Comparethemselveswiththoselessfortunate.（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A．AlwaysGoingforGoldB．TheVictoryofCominginThirdC．FindingSatisfactioninComparisonD．SecondPlaceisJusttheFirstLoser三．语法填空（共1小题）5．（2022秋•昌平区校级期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AMyhusbandwaslooking（1）ourtwodaughters.Theystartedcryingwhenmyhusbandcookedlunch.Heranintotheroomand（2）（see）asmallscorpion（蝎子），somyhusbandpickeditup.Theoldergirlsaid，"Girlscan'tdealwithit."Myhusbandtoldher，"Youneverhavetobeafraidofsomethingonlybecauseyou'reagirl.Youareassmartandstrongasanyboy."Heheldthescorpion'stailwithhis（3）（finger）.Thegirlaskedtoholdit.Somyhusbandputitonherhandswhileheheldthetail.Shewassoproudof（4）（she）thatshetalkedaboutituntilshewenttosleep.BYogamakesyoufeel（5）（relax）.SmithFarmisnowofferingpeoplethechance（6）（do）theirdailyyogawithgoats.Infact，thegoatsdon'tactuallytakepartintheyoga.Theyaremoreformoralsupport（精神支持），preventingyoufromgettingbored."Itisawonderfulexperience，"saysSmith，"Itmaysoundsillybutit'strulygettingoutsideinnaturewithbeautifulsceneryandlovelyanimalsaroundyou.Animalscan（7）（real）helphumansdealwithstress，illnessorsadness."CItiseasyandverypowerfultobekindtothosewhoarekindtoyou.Yettoexperiencethefullpowerofyoursincerekindness，offerittopeople（8）arecarelessandrudetoyou.Sure，itisdifficulttoforgivethosewhoarehurtfultoyou.Butthewaytostopthehurtisbyrefusingtoparticipateinit.Forgivenessgivesyoutheupperhand.Betheonewhoisstrong，who（9）（stop）therudeness.Putthepowerofkindness（10）forgivenesstoworkforyouandyourworld.四．其他阅读题型（共1小题）6．（2024•杏花岭区校级开学）Manypeopledon'tknowthatFrenchfriesarenotreallyFrench.Infact，theycomefromBelgiumoriginallybutpeoplecallthem"pommesfrites"inFrance.Frenchfriesaremadeofpotatoes，andtheyarecutandfried.ThefriedpotatoesarecalledFrenchfriesbecausetheywerefirstseenbyAmericansinBelgium，buttheywerefriedintheFrenchway.TheFrenchwayistofrypotatoestwicewithasmallpauseinthemiddle.DuringWorldWarI，therewerealotofhungryAmericansoldiersinNorthernFranceandBelgium.TheyateFrenchfriesinBelgium.Afterthewarwasover，thesoldierswentbackhometoAmerica.However，theymissedFrenchfriessomuchthattheymadeFrenchfriesathome.That'showFrenchfrieswerefirstintroducedtoAmerica.FrenchfrieswerecalledBelgianfriesonce，butthenamewasfinallychangedtoFrenchfries.SometimesFrenchfriesarejustcalledfries.FrenchfriesareoneofthemostpopularpotatofoodsinAmerica.AmericanfastfoodrestaurantssuchasMcDonald'sandBurgerKinghaveFrenchfriesontheirmenus.Frenchfriesarefreshlyfried，andusuallyservedwithhamburgers.IfyouvisitanyfastfoodrestaurantinAmericaandorderahamburger，youwillprobablyhear"Youwantfrieswiththat？"Whydon'tyouthinkaboutthehistoryofFrenchfriesalittlewhile，andsay"Yes，please.Thankyou."？（1）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？（nomorethan6words）（2）WherewereFrenchfriesfirstmade？（nomorethan2words）（3）WhyarethefriedpotatoescalledFrenchfries？（nomorethan8words）（4）WhofirstintroducedFrenchfriestoAmerica？（nomorethan3words）（5）Whatdoestheunderlined"thatinthelastparagraphreferto？（only1word）五．书面表达（共1小题）7．（2024•聊城三模）你在某英语学习网站上看到一个话题为"MyPlan（s）foraMeaningfulSummerVacation"的帖子，请你写一篇英语短文跟帖，内容包括：（1）你的暑假安排；（2）说明你的理由。注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MyPlan（s）foraMeaningfulSummerVacation_____

2024-2025学年上学期北京高一英语期末典型卷1参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2024春•宁德期末）Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation.Whetheritisyourlovelifeoraseriouslifestruggle，wemustlearnto（1）C.Ifyoucouldtalktoyour（2）Aselvesagain，whatwouldyoutellthem？Forme，thebest（3）Btogivemyyoungerselfwouldbetobestronger，（4）Dlifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon.PeoplewhoknewmeyearsagowouldthinkthatI'mdeadnow，butlittledotheyknow.Ihadalotof（5）Abackthen，hadnoself﹣confidence，didn't（6）Bmyselfandsomuchmore.ButnowIhave（7）A.IfIcanbecomethebestofmyself，thensocanyou.Iamheretohelpyouwiththat.（8）Ayourlifecanbeeasyifyou（9）Bbelieveinyourself，andafterall，youonlyhaveyourselfinthisworld.Soturnthe（10）Aofyourlifewithus，andmoveonfromevery（11）Dandheartbreak.Ichangedmylifeforthebetter，andnowitisyour（12）Ctodoso.Ittookmedecadesto（13）Bthesecretwhichallofmylifestartswith.（14）Dyourproblemsare，thesolutionwillcometoyoueasily.Justbestrongerto（15）Cyourpast.（1）A.giveupB.giveinC.moveonD.moveaway（2）A.youngerB.wiserC.strongerD.healthier（3）A.resourceB.adviceC.recognitionD.dream（4）A.asifB.sothatC.untilD.because（5）A.problemsB.advantagesC.skillsD.illnesses（6）A.thankB.loveC.concentrateD.introduce（7）A.improvedB.fallenC.hesitatedD.agreed（8）A.ChangingB.AbandoningC.InfluencingD.Accepting（9）A.gratefullyB.trulyC.originallyD.nearly（10）A.pageB.coverC.stepD.strength（11）A.directionB.successC.quarrelD.struggle（12）A.rightB.roleC.turnD.duty（13）A.correctB.learnC.predictD.hide（14）A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.Whatever（15）A.approachB.protectC.dropD.record【考点】记叙文；品行与态度．【答案】（1）﹣（5）CABDA（6）﹣（10）BAABA（11）﹣（15）DCBDC【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者个人的成长故事，传达了一个核心信息：无论遇到多少困难，只要我们勇敢面对、坚持自我提升，就能克服挑战，实现个人蜕变。【解答】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.giveup放弃；B.givein屈服；C.moveon继续前进；D.moveaway离开。句意：无论是你的爱情生活还是一场严重的生活斗争，我们都必须学会继续前进。分析句子成分可知，这里是在讲述面对生活中的困难与挑战时应采取的态度，根据"Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls，butwhatmattersishowyousolveeachsituation."可知，这里强调的是解决问题、面对挑战的能力，因此选择能够体现积极态度和解决问题能力的选项。故选C项。（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.younger更年轻的；B.wiser更明智的；C.stronger更强壮的；D.healthier更健康的。句意：如果你能再次与过去的自己对话，你会告诉他们什么？根据后文"myyoungerself"可以推断出这里指的是与过去的自己，即更年轻的自己（youngerselves）对话。故选A项。（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.resource资源；B.advice建议；C.recognition认可；D.dream梦想。句意：对于我来说，我给年轻时自己的最好建议是变得更坚强，因为从这起生活只会越来越艰难。根据后文内容"tobestronger"，这是作者想要给年轻时自己的建议，因此这里需要填入"建议"一词。故选B项。（4）考查连词及语境理解。A.asif好像；B.sothat以便；C.until直到；D.because因为。句意：对于我来说，我给年轻时自己的最好建议是变得更坚强，因为从这起生活只会越来越艰难。前半句"tobestronger"与后半句"lifeisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereon"之间存在因果关系，即之所以要变得更坚强是因为生活将会越来越艰难。故选D项。（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.problems问题；B.advantages优势；C.skills技能；D.illnesses疾病。句意：那时候我有很多问题，没有自信，不爱自己。根据后文"hadnoself﹣confidence，didn'tlovemyself"可以推断出作者过去有很多困扰他的事情，即问题（problems）。故选A项。（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.thank感谢；B.love爱；C.concentrate集中注意力；D.introduce介绍。句意：那时候我有很多问题，没有自信，不爱自己。根据上下文语境，这里描述的是作者过去的状态，与"noself﹣confidence"并列，表达的是作者曾经不自爱（didn'tlovemyself）。故选B项。（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.improved改善；B.fallen跌倒；C.hesitated犹豫；D.agreed同意。句意：但现在我已经变得更好了。根据上文的"But"可知，本句表转折，此处描述的是作者现在的状态，与前文形成对比，表明作者经历了一系列变化之后，状况得到了改善（improved）。故选A项。（8）考查动名词及语境理解。A.Changing改变；B.Abandoning放弃；C.Influencing影响；D.Accepting接受。句意：改变你的生活其实很简单，只要你真正相信自己，毕竟，你在这个世界上只有你自己。根据上文的"becomethebestofmyself"以及整体语境，这里强调的是改变（Changing）生活的重要性。故选A项。（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.gratefully感激地；B.truly真正地；C.originally最初；D.nearly几乎。句意：改变你的生活其实很简单，只要你真正相信自己，毕竟，你在这个世界上只有你自己。根据句意，句子强调了"只有你自己"这一事实，需要选择一个表示"真正地"或"确实地"的副词来加强语气。B项"truly"符合语境。即"真正地"（truly）。故选B项。（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.page页面；B.cover封面；C.step步骤；D.strength力量。句意：所以翻开你人生的新的一页，从每一次挣扎和心碎中继续前行。根据上文"（8）yourlife（改变你的生活）"可知，这里用"翻页"（turnthepage）这一比喻，形象地表达了"改变自己"和从过去向未来的转变。故选A项。（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.direction方向；B.success成功；C.quarrel争吵；D.struggle挣扎。句意：所以翻开你人生的新的一页，从每一次挣扎和心碎中继续前行。根据后文"heartbreak"以及整体语境，这里描述的是面对生活中的困难和挑战，即"挣扎"（struggle）。故选D项。（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.right权利；B.role角色；C.turn轮次；D.duty责任。句意：我把我的生活变得更好了，现在轮到你们这样做了。根据上文"Ichangedmylifeforthebetter"，这里使用"轮到某人做某事"（it'sone'sturntodo）这一表达，强调现在是你们采取行动的时候了。故选C项。（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.correct纠正；B.learn学习；C.predict预测；D.hide隐藏。句意：花了我几十年的时间才学会这个秘密。根据上下文，这里描述的是作者经过长时间的努力和探索，最终"学会了"（learn）生活的秘密。故选B项。（14）考查疑问词及语境理解。A.Whoever任何人；B.Wherever任何地方；C.However然而；D.Whatever无论什么。句意：无论你的问题是什么，解决方法总会轻易地来到你身边。根据句意，这里强调的是无论面临什么问题，都有解决的方法，因此使用"无论什么"（Whatever）。故选D项。（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.approach接近；B.protect保护；C.drop放下；D.record记录。句意：只要更坚强地放下过去。根据上文的"moveonfromevery（11）andheartbreak."，从每一次挣扎和心碎中继续前行，可知这里描述的是要坚强地"放下"（drop）过去，以迎接新的生活。故选C项。【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024春•涪城区校级期末）BusinessAnalyticsPosterCompetitionAreyouastudentoraprofessionalworkingonanalytics，managementscience，economics，ordatascience？Thisisyourchancetosharewhatyouhavebeendoingandnetworkwithtopexpertsinthefield.Presentations&ProductionGuidelinesSubmissions（提交）arewelcomedfromallindustryprofessionalsandstudents.Posterscanbeindividualorteamsubmissions.（Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers.）AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS.Postersmustbeproducedasasinglepage.Werecommendapostersizeof72incheswideby36inchestall，or48by36inches.Alongwiththestandardposterformat，wearealsoacceptingandencouragingpostersusingthe"headline"format.Freemodelpostersareavailablehere.VideoPresentationsofPostersYouwillneedtosubmitavideopresentationofyourworkthatisatmosteightminutesinlength.Youareencouragedtopromoteyourworkviasocialmedia.ThereisaSocialMediaAwardcashprizeforgainingthemostlikesonyourvideo!Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二维码）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter.AwardsJudgeswillprovidesuggestionsforeachsubmissionafterthegivenpostertimehasended.AwardwinnerswillbeannouncedonApril16.1stPlace：＄2，5002ndPlace：＄1.500SocialMediaAward：＄1，000ImportantDatesPosterSubmissionDeadline：March6，2024VideoPresentationDeadline：April5，2024PosterCompetitionMeetings：April15&16，2024（1）Whatisthenecessityforsubmission？BA．Adegreeindatascience.B．ThemembershipofINFORMS.C．Aqualificationincomputer.D．Theaward﹣winningexperience.（2）Whatisrequiredforthevideopresentation？DA．Includingapaperdescription.B．Winningwiderecognitiononline.C．Beingwithintenminutesinlength.D．Offeringaccessforpeopletocheck.（3）Howmuchcaneachstudentofafive﹣personteamwinningfirstprizereceive？CA．＄200.B．＄300.C．＄500.D．＄1.000.【考点】应用文；日常生活．【专题】阅读理解．【答案】BDC【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了商业分析海报竞赛的参与条件、演示与制作指南、奖项设置以及重要的截止日期等信息，旨在向目标受众传达有关竞赛的具体细节，并鼓励他们参与。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Presentations&ProductionGuidelines部分中的AllsubmissionsmusthaveatleastoneauthorwhoisamemberofourINFORMS（所有提交的作品都必须至少有一位作者是我们INFORMS的会员）可知，提交的必要条件是至少有一位作者是INFORMS的会员。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据VideoPresentationsofPosters部分中的Pleaseshowyourentireposteronthescreenbeforeanyspecificintroductionstoyourposter.Also，makesuretohaveaQRcode（二维码）sopeoplecanlinktoyouractualposter（请在介绍您的海报之前，在屏幕上展示整个海报。同时，请确保有一个二维码，以便人们可以链接到您的实际海报）可知，视频演示的要求是为人们提供检查海报的访问途径。故选D。（3）数字计算题。根据Awards部分中的1stPlace：＄2，500（第一名：＄2，500）可知，第一名将获得＄2，500；再根据Presentations&ProductionGuidelines部分中的Ifateamsubmissionwinsanaward，theprizemoneywillbesharedequallyamongtheteammembers（如果团队提交的作品获奖，奖金将在团队成员之间平均分配）可知，如果团队提交的作品获奖，奖金将在团队成员之间平均分配。一等奖的奖金是2，500，所以五人团队中的每位学生将获得2，500÷5＝＄500。故选C。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。3．（2024•包河区校级三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool，IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure（长期聘用），Ihadtobeproductive.However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork，whetherit'shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists（神经系统科学家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理学的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently，thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn'thurt，youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe，whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit'sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou'veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles，youknowwhatImean.That'sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly."Whenyou'reinsecureinone，yourelyontheotheronethat'sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability（柔韧性）isthedefinitionofstrength，"saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.However，I•hadn'thadthechance：Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections，Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents，andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（1）Whatwastheauthor'sreactiontotheleadingexpert'swords？BA.Hetookhisadvice.B.Hefeltdiscouraged.C.Hepaidnoattention.D.Heconsultedanotherexpert.（2）Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout？AA.Rejectionreallyhurts.B.Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C.Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D.Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.（3）Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection？CA.Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B.Forgivethosewhorejectus.C.Turntoourstrongeridentity.D.Learnalessonfrompastfailures.（4）Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast？DA.Heleftgraduateschool.B.Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C.Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D.Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.【考点】记叙文；品行与态度．【专题】阅读理解．【答案】BACD【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议，主要讨论的是个人在面对学术和职业上的拒绝时如何调整心态和寻找新的机会。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段However，whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals，aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless，andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.（然而，当我的前三篇论文被主要期刊拒绝时，一位权威专家告诉我，我的项目没有希望了，我想知道我是否应该退学。）可知，作者对权威专家的话的反应是感到灰心丧气。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Neuroscientists（神经系统科学家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理学的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.（神经科学家扫描了被残忍地排除在网络游戏之外的人的大脑。生理反应看起来与处理生理疼痛非常相似。）可知，神经学家发现了拒绝真的让人感到疼痛。故选A。（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer，pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat，butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother，strongeridentity：Iwantedtobeateacher.（在我的学术生涯早期，当我的作品被拒绝时，柔韧性成了我力量的源泉。我作为一名研究员的身份受到了威胁，但这并不是吸引我进入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一个更强烈的身份：我想成为一名教师。）可知，面对拒绝，作者建议我们转向我们更强大的身份。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers，whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.（与学生们的对话促成了我最初的两篇主要论文，这使我在获得终身教职方面有了一个良好的开端。）可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故选D。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。4．（2024春•东莞市月考）Humansareborntocompetewithoneanother.Peoplecomparehowmany"likes"theyhaveonsocialmedia.Billionairesenvymultibillionaires.ThelegendaryNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardtoncestated，"Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser."Althoughthecompetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair，itdoesnotalwaysleadtohumanprosperity（繁荣，成功）.Onthecontrary，leftunmanaged，itcancreatemiseryforourselvesandothers.Fortunately，thereisaformulatosolvethisproblemwithoutunrealisticallysuggestingthatweentirelydispensewithourcompetitiveurge：Insteadofalwaysgoingforgold，shootforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt，althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser，thirdplacecanbetherealwinner—atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity（长寿）.Recentresearchsuggestedthatthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Regardingthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories，itwasfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyasolidfouryears，livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists，wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdistinction："Dissatisfactorycompetitionoutcomesmaybadlyaffecthealth."Inotherwords，silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheyonlylookuptothetopstep，whereasthebronzewinnerscomparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodium（领奖台）atall.Oneoftheproblemswithmostcompetitionsagainstothersisthatittendstolowerone'sinnermotivation，andthusenjoyment.Decadesago，researchersshowedthisbyaskingpeopletosolvepuzzlesandthenmeasuringtheinteresttheyreported.Theyfoundthepuzzleslessrewardingwhencompetingagainstothersratherthanagainsttheclock.Simplyhavingat