江苏省镇江实验高中2020-2021学年高一英语上学期10月第一次阶段性学情调研试题（含解析）

江苏省镇江实验高中20202021学年高一英语上学期10月第一次阶段性学情调研试题（含解析）第一部分:听力(共两节满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthewomanfailtosee?A.sign.B.Aparkinglot.C.Adisabledperson.2.Whatwillthemando?A.Takeacourseonline.B.Callthesamerepairman.C.Fixtherefrigeratorhimself.3.Whowillthewomanhavedinnerwithtonight?A.Tommy'sfamily.B.Hergrandmother.C.HercolleaguesinShanghai.4.Whydoestheboylikesharks?A.Theyaregreatswimmers.B.Theymakefunnysounds.C.Theyareverysmart.5.Whatisthetime?A.6:00pm.B.9:00p.m.C.10:00pm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatkindofcoffeedoesthemanusuallyhave?A.Italian.B.Brazilian.C.French.7.Wherearethespeakers?A.Incafe.B.Inanoffice.C.Inasupermarket.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatwasthegirl'smostrecentpurchase?A.Adogtoy.B.Someclothes.C.Anicecreammaker.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Shopkeeperandcustomer.10.Whatdoesthefatherthinkofhisdaughter'swayofspending?A.Unwise.B.Responsible.C.Economical.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoesthewoman'smotherlive?A.InMadrid.B.InMexicoCity.C.InNewYork.12.WhatdothespeakersplantodoonNovember2nd?A.traveltoMadridB.Visitsomefriends.C.Attendaholidayevent.13.WhenwillthespeakersleaveNewYork?A.OnOctober22nd.B.OnOctober28th.C.OnNovember2nd.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Wherewillthespeakersmostlikelygoswimming?A.Inthepool.B.Intheocean.C.Inthelake.15.WhatwillthemandoonThursday?A.Holdfamilyparty.B.Participateinagame.C.Haveafootballteampractice.16.Whenwillthewomaneovertotheman'shouse?A.ThisWednesday.B.ThisSunday.C.Nextweek.17.Whatwillthespeakersprobablywatch?A.Aedy.B.Awarmovie.C.Ahistorymovie.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题18.WhatwasFrankWhittle'sfather?A.Anofficer.B.Aninventor.C.Anengineer.19.WhendidWhittlegainthelegalrightofownershipofhisdesign?A.In1907.B.In1930.C.In1937.20.WherewasWhittle'slasthome?A.Maryland.B.Coventry.C.Cambridge.第二部分:阅读(共两节满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExploringCaves—SuitupwithahelmetandlightandtakeCaveCrawl（爬行）.Bringyourownkneepads.Learnaboutequipmentusedbycaversandrulesforsafecaveexploration.Spendthemorningviewingstalactites（钟乳石）—rockformationsthathangfromtheceiling—andtheiropposites,stalagmites（石笋）.CaveAlive—Takealookandlearnaboutbats,salamanders,andotherinterestingcreaturesthatgrowupincaves.Seecrickets,crayfish,andevenbeetles.Learnwhybearsliketoliveincaves.Fossils（化石）—Learnhowremainsofancientplantandanimallifebecamesetinrocks,anddiscoverhowtheyprovidecluesaboutEarth’shistory.Examinefossilsinthecave.Caves—Learnhowchangesinundergroundrockformationcauseopeningsandcavernstodevelop.Findouthowacidicwaterdissolves（溶解）limestonetocreatecaves.Manners—Learnhowtopreserveandprotectbeautiful,interesting,andeducationalcaves.Learnwhybatsshouldnotbedisturbedwhentheyarehibernating.Nevergocavingalone.Takenothingbutpictures;leavenothingbutfootprints.JOINTODAY.RECEIVETHESEEARLYBIRDBENEFITS:●

Amembershipcard.●

Amembershipcertificate.●

A

CavesandCaverns

activitybook.●

Anewsletterwithgames,activities,andspecialoffers.THAT’SNOTALL.MEMBERSALSORECEIVE:●

FreeunlimitedadmissiontoEchoCoveCave.●

OneweekEchoCoveYouthCampenrollment（注册）athalfprice.●Tenticketsforyouandyourfriendstoaprivate“off

the

beaten

track”tourofthecave.●TwofreeadmissionticketstoEchoCoveCaveforfriendsorfamilymembers.●Admissionto“CavesAroundtheWorld”lecturesgivenbyworldfamouscaverseverymonth.1.Ifyouareinterestedinrockformations,whichactivitiesarethebestchoices?A.CavesandFossils. B.FossilsandManners.C.CavesandExploringCaves. D.ExploringCavesandManners.2.Ifyouaremembers’friends,whatbenefitscanyoureceive?A.Twofreelectureseverymonth. B.Amembershipcardandcertificate.C.FavorablepriceforYouthCamp. D.TwofreeticketstoEchoCoveCave.3.Thepurposeofthisposteristoinvitemorepeopleto________.A.jointheCaveClub B.enjoytheundergroundworldC.workasvolunteers D.protecttheeducationalcaves【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】文章是一则海报，介绍了探索地下洞穴的细节及会员的各种优惠，号召更多的人加入洞穴俱乐部。【1题详解】C细节推理题。根据ExploringCaves部分的Spendthemorningviewingstalactites（钟乳石）—rockformationsthathangfromtheceiling—andtheiropposites,stalagmites（石笋）.和Caves部分的Learnhowchangesinundergroundrockformationcauseopeningsandcavernstodevelop.可知在这两个地方可以了解更多的rockformations，故选C.【2题详解】D细节推理题。根据文章最后的TwofreeadmissionticketstoEchoCoveCaveforfriendsorfamilymembers.可知会员能享受的优惠，故选D.【3题详解】A主旨大意题。文章通过对洞内情况的具体描述和参加活动及会员的各种优惠，目的是让更多的人了解、参加。故选A.BAbreathtakingtrickpotentiallyleftoverfromourancestorsmightbefoundinustheabilitytosenseoxygenthroughourskin.Amphibians,animalssuchasfrogsthatcanlivebothonlandandinwater,havelongbeenknowntobecapableofbreathingthroughtheirskin.Infact,thefirstknownlunglessfrogthatbreathesonlythroughitsskinwasdiscoveredrecentlyintheriversofBorneo.Nowthesameoxygensensorsfoundinfrogskinsandinthelungsofmammalshaveunexpectedlybeendiscoveredintheskinofmice.“Noonehadeverlooked,”explainedRandallJohnson,abiologistresearcher.Miceandfrogsarequitedistantrelatives,sothefacttheyhavethesemoleculesinmonintheirskinsuggeststheymightwellbefoundintheskinofothermammals,suchashumans.“Wehavenoreasontothinkthattheyarenotintheskinofpeopletoo.”Johnsonsaid.Thesemoleculesnotonlydetectoxygen,buthelpincreaselevelsofvitalredbloodcells,whichcarryoxygenaroundthebody.Normalmicebreathinginairthatis10percentoxygenadangerouslylowlevelsimilartoconditionsatthetopofMountEverest,andabouthalfthatofairatsealevel.However,micethathadtheoxygensensorHIFlageneticallyremovedfromtheirskinfailedtoproducethishormoneevenafterhoursofsuchlowoxygen.Thesefindings,iftheyholdtrueinhumans,suggestonecouldraisethelevelofoxygencirculatinginsidethebody.Thiscouldhelptreatlungdiseasesanddisorderssuchasanemiawithoutinjectingdrugs,whichmakeupamultibilliondollarmarket,Johnsonsaid.Athletesalsooftentrytogetmoreoxygendeliveredtotheirmusclesinordertoimprovetheirperformance.Theyoftendothisbytrainingathighaltitudesorinlowoxygentents.Thenewstudysuggeststheymightwanttoexposetheirskinaswellasbreathinginlowoxygenairtoimprovetheirperformance.“It'shardtosaywhatexactlymightbedone,howeverthere'salotwedon'tknowyet,”Johnsonexplained.ThescientistsdetailedtheirfindingsintheApril18issueofthejournalCell.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.JohnsonbelievesthatOxygensensorsalsoexistinhumanskin.B.PeoplehavetosurftheInternettoreaddetailedfindings.C.Ithasbeenprovedthatthesefindingshelptreatlungdiseases.D.Ithaslongbeenexpectedoxygensensorsexistinmice'sskin.5.OneofthefunctionsofthemoleculesmentionedaboveisA.carryingoxygenaroundthebodyB.improvingathletes'performanceC.detectingoxygenD.increasinglevelofoxygen6.WhatisJohnson'sattitudetotheapplicationofthefindingstotheathletes'training?A.Negative B.Pessimistic C.Positive D.Hesitating7.ThebesttitleofthepassagemaybeA.GreatFindingsBenefitsAthletesALotB.FrogsAndMiceAreDistantRelativesC.FirstKnownAnimalBreathesThroughSkinD.HumansMightSenseOxygenThroughSkin【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章说明了我们身上可能会有通过皮肤感知氧气的能力的观点，以及科学家的相关实验调查。科学家指出如果这些发现适用于人类，那么就意味着可以提高体内循环的氧气水平。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Noonehadeverlooked,”explainedRandallJohnson,abiologistresearcher.Miceandfrogsarequitedistantrelatives,sothefacttheyhavethesemolecules(分子)inmonintheirskinsuggeststheymightwellbefoundintheskinofothermammals,suchashumans.“Wehavenoreasontothinkthattheyarenotintheskinofpeopletoo.”Johnsonsaid.可知“从来没有人看过，”生物学家RandallJohnson解释说。老鼠和青蛙是远亲，所以它们在皮肤上有相同分子的事实表明它们很可能在其他哺乳动物的皮肤上也有，比如人类。他说：“我们没有理由认为它们不在人的皮肤里。”Johnson说。由此可知，A选项“Johnson认为，氧气传感器也存在于人类皮肤中”正确。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Thesemoleculesnotonlydetectoxygen,buthelpincreaselevelsofvitalredbloodcells,whichcarryoxygenaroundthebody.可知这些分子不仅能检测氧气，还能帮助提高至关重要的红细胞的水平，红细胞可以将氧气带到全身各处。由此可知，这些分子的功能之一是检测氧气。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Thesefindings,iftheyholdtrueinhumans,suggestonecouldraisethelevelofoxygencirculatinginsidethebody.Thiscouldhelptreatlungdiseasesanddisorderssuchasanemia(贫血症)withoutinjectingdrugs,whichmakeupamultibilliondollarmarket,Johnsonsaid.可知如果这些发现适用于人类，那么就意味着可以提高体内循环的氧气水平。Johnson说，这可以帮助治疗肺部疾病和贫血等疾病，而不需要注射药物，这将创造数十亿美元的市场。由此可推知，Johnson对这些发现持积极态度。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Abreathtakingtrickpotentiallyleftoverfromourancestorsmightbefoundinustheabilitytosenseoxygenthroughourskin.可知我们的祖先可能遗留下来的一种惊人的技巧可能会在我们身上发现——通过皮肤感知氧气的能力。结合这篇文章说明了我们身上可能会有通过皮肤感知氧气的能力的观点，以及科学家的相关实验调查。科学家指出如果这些发现适用于人类，那么就意味着可以提高体内循环的氧气水平。由此可知，D选项“人类可能通过皮肤感知氧气”最符合文章标题。故选D。CFrankWoolworthwasborninRodman,NewYork,in1852.Hisfamilywereverypoorfarmers,andtherewasneverenoughtoeat.Frankdecidedhedidnotwanttobeafarmer.Hetookashortbusinesscourse,andwenttoworkasasalesmaninalargecity.Woolworthrealizedhehadanaturalskillforshowinggoodstoattractpeople'sinterest,buthesoonlearnedsomethingmoreimportant.Onedayhisbosstoldhimtosellsomeoddsandends(商品)forasmuchashecouldget.FrankputallthesethingsononetablewithsignwhichsaidFIVECENTSEACH.Peoplefoughtandpushedtobuythethingsandthetablewassooncleared.Soonafterwards,Woolworthopenedhisownstore,sellinggoodsatfiveandtencents.Buthehadanotherlessontolearnbeforehebecamesuccessful.Thatis,ifyouwanttomakemoneybysellinglowpricegoods,youhavetobuytheminlargequantitiesdirectlyfromthefactories.Once,forexample,WoolworthwenttoGermanyandplacedanorderforknives.Theorderwassolargethatthefactoryhadtokeeprunning24hoursadayforawholeyear.Inthisway,thepriceofthekniveswascutdownbyhalf.By1919,Woolworthhadover1000storesintheUSandCanada,andopenedhisfirststoreinLondon.Hemademanymillionsandhisnamebecamefamousthroughouttheworld.Healwaysrunhisbusinessaccordingtostrictrules,ofwhichthemostimportantwas:"THECUSTOMERISALWAYSRIGHT."8.Franksoldtheoddsandendsquicklybecause.A.hehadputthegoodsonatableinaveryniceway.B.hecutdownthepricebyhalfC.heknewhowtogetpeopletobuyhisgoods.D.thesignheputonthetablewaswelldesigned.i9.Thepriceofthekniveswascutdownbyhalfbecause.A.thefactoryworkersworked24hoursaday.B.kniveswereorderedinlargequantitiesdirectlyfromthefactory.C.theknivesweremadeinGermany,wherelabour(劳动力)wascheap.D.thekniveswereproducedinonefactory.10.WhatmakeWoolworthworldfamousman?A.HisbusinessskillsandhiswealthB.ThelowpriceofthegoodshesoldC.HistriptoGermanyandhishugeorderofknivesD.Hisnaturalskillforshowingthings11.Thebeliefthat"Thecustomerisalwaysright"suggeststhat.A.wheneverthereisaquarrelbetweenthecustomerandshopassistant,thecustomersarealwaysrightB.Ifyouwanttosucceed,theruleistheonlyway.C.storesmustalwaysfollowthecustomer'sordersiftheywanttomakemoremoney.D.storesshoulddotheirbesttomeetthecustomer'sneedsiftheywanttobesuccessful.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】本文是记叙文，文章介绍FrankWoolworth是怎么取得商业的成功，他的商业理念和成功道路。。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Woolworthrealizedhehadanaturalskillforshowinggoodstoattractpeople'sinterest,(伍尔沃斯意识到他有一种天生的本领，可以通过展示商品来吸引人们的兴趣。)”可知，弗兰克卖掉零碎物品的因为他知道如何让别人购买。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theorderwassolargethatthefactoryhadtokeeprunning24hoursadayforawholeyear.Inthisway,thepriceofthekniveswascutdownbyhalf.(订单如此之大，以致于工厂不得不连续一整年每天24小时不停运转。这样，刀具的价格降低了一半)”可知刀具价格降低一半的原因是工厂大量生产刀具。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Woolworthrealizedhehadanaturalskillforshowinggoodstoattractpeople'sinterest(伍尔沃斯意识到他有一种天生的本领，可以通过展示商品来吸引人们的兴趣)”可知伍尔沃斯有做生意的天赋，再根据最后一段“Hemademanymillionsandhisnamebecamefamousthroughouttheworld.(他赚了几百万，他的名字闻名全世界)”可推断是做生意的技巧和财富让伍尔沃成为世界名人。故选A项。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Healwaysrunhisbusinessaccordingtostrictrules(他总是按照严格的规则来经营他的生意)”"THECUSTOMERISALWAYSRIGHT."是最重要的，因此推断弗兰克最信奉的规则是“顾客就是上帝”，因此推断这句话暗示着商店应该尽力做到满足顾客的要求，这才是成功之道。故选D。DIt'samazinghowwegrowfromcarelesskidstoresponsibleteens.Whathappensinthecoursethatmakesusresponsiblenow?It'stheseedthatwesowinthebeginningwhichgrowsandbeesahugetree.AsIsithere,silentlythinkingaboutmygrowth,Iwonderoversomequestionswhichdon'thaveananswerbutit'sbecauseofsuchunanswerablesituationsthatlifehasbeearollercoasterride.Asakid,usedtoreadalotofstorybooks.Inoneparticularbook,Ireadastoryofabird.Fromthenon,thathasbeeanintegral(不可少的)partofmylife.Itdescribedmalebirdwhichtakes:alotofpaintobuildanestandthefemalebirdtakesshelterinitandnourishesthebaby.Whenthebirdlearnstofly,thewholefamilyfliesofftoadifferentplaceleavingbehindthebeautifulnestforotherbirdstogrowtheirfamilyinit.Itmademewonder.Howcouldtheysoeasilysacrificetheirhousebuiltwithsomucheffort?Onenight,whenIwasdeepinsleep,Igotthisparticulardream.Iwaswalkingmilesontheendlessroad,totallyisolatedbutlinedwithbeautifultreesontheeitherside.Fascinatedbythegreenery,Imarchedtowardsitonlytoendupdeeperanddeeperintothegreenery.Ihappenedtostopuponseeingsomething.Itwasamassive,wonderfulhouse.Ifellinlovewiththatamazingpartofart.Yeah,itwasindeedapieceofartwitheverynookandcornertouchedartisticallyandlovingly.Idon'tknowwhyIfeltthatitwasdonelovingly.Maybebecause,thingsturnouttobebeautifulonlywhenweputourloveintoit—justlikethefoodpreparedbymomwhichtastesmoredeliciouswithherlove.Iexploredthehouseonlytofallmoreinlovewithit.Therewasaslopingroofwhichmatchedwiththegreeneryaround;thelargecentralopencourtyardremindedmeoftheactivitiesthatmighthavetakenplacetherewhichfeltlivelyevennowwhenitispletelydeserted.Thesmallwaterbodythatkeptthehousecooladdedtothebeautyofthehouse—ofcourse,itwasalldriedupnow.It'sreallywonderfulhowsuchthingsaddlifetothespaceswhichotherwisejustbeestructures.Suchlivelinessandhappeningturnsthehouseintoahome.Theysay'THEHOMEISWHERETHEHEARTIS',butnowbegantofeelit.Thisiswheremyheartbelongs.ThisiswhatI'mdestinedtodo.Whenwokeupfromthedream,Iwasclearabouteverything.Irealizedwherethatmileofwalkwasintendingmetolead.Irealizedwhatmessagemydreamwantedtoconveyme.Andyearslater,whenfinallymyturnofchoosingmydestinationcame,Isimplyclosedmyeyes,heldthatbookinmyhand,presseditagainstmychestandrelivedthedream.WhenIopenedmyeyes,Iwassurewhattodo.Idecidedtochoosetheroadlesstraveled.Yes,ItookuparchitectureasmyprofessionbecausethisiswhatIamdestinedtodo.Iwantedtodothesamethingthatthemalebirdinthestorydid,totakepaininbuildingabeautifulhouseandletothersstayinit.ThisismydreametrueandthehappinessthatIgainnowfromthisprofessionisindescribable.12.Whenthewriterreadthestoryofthebird,heprobablyfelt.A.upset B.confused C.surprised D.moved13.Tothewriter,"theseedthatwesowinthebeginning"(Paragraph1)is.A.thehouseinhisdream B.hismother'sfood C.thestoryofthebird D.hisstorybooks14.Mom'sfoodalwaystastesbetterbecause.A.momcookswithherlove B.wearesofamiliarwithmom'sfoodC.momsarebettercooksthanfathers D.momisexperiencedincooking15.Theabovepassageismainlyabout.A.howthewriterfinallybeesanhonestcitizenB.wherethetruemeaningofresponsibilityliesC.whatweneedtodowhenweareseekingafortuneD.whythewritertakesuparchitectureashiscareer【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】本文是记叙文，作者讲述了读书时看到的一个故事，从中学到自己要做一个负责任的人，并且坚定了自己要当建筑师的梦想。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Howcouldtheysoeasilysacrificetheirhousebuiltwithsomucheffort?”他们怎么能如此轻易地牺牲自己辛辛苦苦盖起来的房子呢?可知作者在思考为何鸟儿可以如此轻易地牺牲自己费力搭建的鸟巢，当时他是困惑的，故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段和最后一段中的“It’stheseedthatwesowinthebeginningwhichgrowsandbeesahugetree.”我们一开始播下的种子，最终长成一棵大树。以及“ItookuparchitectureasmyprofessionbecausethisiswhatIamdestinedtodo.Iwantedtodothesamethingthatthemalebirdinthestorydid,totakepaininbuildingabeautifulhouseandletothersstayinit.”我选择建筑作为我的职业，因为这是我命中注定要做的。我想和故事中的雄鸟做同样的事情，忍受痛苦，建造漂亮的房子，让其他人住在里面。可知指的是故事中的鸟，故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Maybebecause,thingsturnouttobebeautifulonlywhenweputourloveintoit——justlikethefoodpreparedbymomwhichtastesmoredeliciouswithherlove.”也许是因为，只有把我们的爱放在里面，事情才会变得美好——就像妈妈做的食物，因为有了她的爱，吃起来更美味。可知，妈妈做的食物尝起来更美味是因为妈妈投入了爱。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ItookuparchitectureasmyprofessionbecausethisiswhatIamdestinedtodo.”我选择建筑作为我的职业，因为这是我命中注定要做的。以及“ThisismydreametrueandthehappinessthatIgainnowfromthisprofessionisindescribable.”这是我的梦想成真，我现在从这个职业获得的幸福是难以形容的。可知文章主要讲的是作者为什么把建筑当成他的事业，故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,illcookedmeals,andunfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothinginmonwithme.___16___Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.____17____Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfunfilledholidayinthewilderness.____18____Instead,wehadapopupcamperwithfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynaturelovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.___19___Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwentyeightfoottraveltrailerpletewithabathroomandabuiltinTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.___20___Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Iremendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlyetoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.【答案】16.D17.C18.A19.F20.E【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己近三年来逐渐改变了对野营的看法，从以前对野营活动嗤之以鼻，经过几次野营后慢慢喜欢上了野营，最后表达野营将逐渐成为人类回归自然的很好方式，建议人们找到属于自己的方式。【16题详解】上文Theyhadnothinginmonwithme说明作者原来认为他不会成为野营者．而下文主要描述的是"我"从最开始进行"roughtravel"到有了"popupcamper"再到有了trailer的过程，在这过程中作者对野营的爱好逐步增加，对野营的相关知识也在逐步增长，上下文呈转折关系．D项意为"然而在那之后我将会学到关于野营的很多知识"，起到转折作用，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为D。【17题详解】由下文Wesleepinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知，"我"的野营条件非常艰苦．C项意为"他们带我去的旅途非常艰苦"，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为C。【18题详解】由下文Instead，wehadapopupcamperwithfortablebedsandanairconditioner可知，空格处是与下文形成转折的内容，而"我"此次旅行用了展开式营房．A项意为"这一次没有帐篷"，与下文形成转折，符合语境．故正确答案为A。【19题详解】由第三段第一句goingonanotherfunfilledholiday可知，"我"对这次旅行非常满意，而由下文Wehavedonealotofitsince可知，"我们"都爱上了野营．F项意为"从这里旅行后，我全家都对野营产生了巨大的兴趣"，承上启下，符合语境．故正确答案为F。【20题详解】由下文soonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature可知，"我"希望每个人都能找到回归自然，也就是野营的个性化选择．形成这一观点的前提是"我"自己已经爱上了野营．E项意为"我必须承认我已经开始享受野营了"，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为E。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项TherearetoomanyfatpeopleinAmerica,somanyAmericansarefightingagainstoverweight.Butthe___21___thingisthattheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,___22___tostaythin.Nowa___23___byCornellUniversitysuggests___24___lifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludedthattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeel___25___.However,Americanstendtostopwhentheir___26___areemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,healthexpert,theFrenchseeeating___27___animportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespenda___28___timeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingas___29___tobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericans____30____theabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedand____31____foodsfortheweek.TheFrench,____32____tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers'marketswheretheyhavea____33____offreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashighqualitymeatsforeachmeal.Inspiteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestyle____34____maybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity(肥胖)—orextremeoverweight—amongadults,isonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgains____35____andtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.21A.present B.natural C.strange D.modern22.A.continue B.move C.try D.expand23.A.research B.novel C.book D.newspaper24.A.that B.what C.how D.when25.A.sensitive B.sad C.happy D.full26.A.pockets B.refrigerators C.houses D.plates27.A.into B.as C.inside D.to28.A.fairlylong B.fairlyshort C.veryexciting D.ratherfast29.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing30.A.get B.bring C.lose D.receive31.A.hot B.cool C.warm D.frozen32.A.therefore B.instead C.however D.merely33A.choice B.message C.order D.number34.A.examples B.traditions C.changes D.stories35.A.failure B.success C.acceptance D.rejection【答案】21.C22.A23.A24.C25.D26.D27.B28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.A34.C35.C【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要结合学者研究结果，介绍了“同吃油腻食品，美国人肥胖率极高而法国人则不然”这一奇怪的现象及其背后的原因，并就未来的变化做出讨论、预测。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，吃油腻食品的法国人却能继续保持瘦（的身材）。A.present现在的；B.natural自然的；C.strange奇怪的；D.modern现代的。结合上一句（全文首句）及生活常识，美国人喜欢吃油腻食品，肥胖率也很高，而这事到了法国人这里却不成立，很“奇怪”，故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，吃油腻食物的法国人却能继续保持瘦（的身材）。A.continue继续；B.move移动，改变；C.try尝试；D.expand扩张。结合“tostaythin.”可知，法国人吃了油腻食品之后，不会变胖，而是继续保持瘦的身材，只有A符合语境，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一个由康奈尔大学开展的研究揭示了生活方式和对于饮食的选择是如何影响体重的。A.research研究；B.novel小说；C.book书籍；D.newspaper报纸。由大学开展的，能揭示科学规律的活动应是“研究”，同时，根据下一句句首的researchers提示，也可得出A为正确选项，故选A。【24题详解】考查宾语从句连接词辨析。句意：现在，一个由康奈尔大学开展的研究揭示了生活方式和对于饮食的选择是如何影响体重的。A.that可引导陈述句宾语从句，此时无实义；B.what什么，是什么；C.how怎样，如何；D.when什么时候，……的时间。这里讲的是生活方式和饮食选择这两个因素对于体重的影响，它们是“如何”影响体重的，所以选项表示方式的连接副词。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员得出结论，当法国人感到饱的时候，他们就会倾向于停止饮食。A.sensitive敏感的；B.sad伤心的；C.happy开心的；D.full饱的。根据“theFrenchtendtostopeating”可知，当法国人感到饱的时候，他们就会倾向于停止饮食，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有当美国人发现盘子空了或者最喜欢的电视节目结束了的时候，他们才会停止饮食。A.pockets口袋；B.refrigerators冰箱；C.houses房子；D.plates盘子。结合语境，这里是进行美国人和法国人的对比，法国人会主观上“感到饱了”并停止饮食，而美国人则更像“无意识地，心不在焉地”不停吃吃吃，只有外部客观条件才会迫使他们停下来，这里的客观条件之一是“盘子空了”，故选D。【27题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：按照健康专家JosephMercola教授的看法，法国人把饮食视作生活格调的重要一部分。A.into到……里面（强调动态过程）；B.as作为，当作；C.inside在里面，在内部；D.to到，向。这里讲的是法国人把饮食视作（当作）生活的重要一部分，故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：他们享受食物，也因此在餐桌上花了相当长的时间。A.fairlylong相当长的；B.fairlyshort相当短的；C.veryexciting十分刺激的；D.ratherfast相当快的。根据“Theyenjoyfood”可知，法国人是把吃饭当做享受的，因此在餐桌上花的时间也是相当长的（慢慢品味、享受），故选A。【29题详解】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：然而美国人把吃饭视作一件要在其他日常活动中挤出时间（来完成）的事。A.anything任何事物；B.something某事，某物；C.everything每件事情，每个事物；D.nothing无，无事。在这里，seeeatingassomething…指“把吃饭视作……的一件事情（某件事情）”，然而美国人把吃饭视作一件要在其他日常活动中挤出时间（来完成）的事。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mercola认为美国人失去了在他们确实饱了的时候感知的能力。A.get得到；B.bring带来；C.lose失去；D.receive收到。结合上下文语境，专家认为美国人“不知饱”，盘子空了亦或是电视节目结束了才知道停下，因此这里说他们失去了感知能力，故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他指出，美国人会开车去大型商超买罐头和冷冻食品（储存起来）作为未来一周的食物。A.hot热的；B.cool酷的，凉爽的；C.warm温暖的；D.frozen冷冻的。根据“foodsfortheweek”可知，去超市买的、用于储存到周中可以吃的食品即是那些罐头食品、冷冻食品，D符合语境，此外应特别注意B、C选项一般指空气和天气的凉爽或者温暖，较少与food搭配使用，故选D。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：法国人则相反，他们倾向于日常出去购物，走去小商店或者农贸市场。A.therefore因此；B.instead相反，反而；C.however然而，但是；D.merely仅仅是，只不过。结合上下文，此处是指美国人和法国人购物习惯相反，B、C意义上都符合，但however表转折关系，解释为“然而，但是”的义项时，其后一定要加上逗号，排除C项，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些地方，他们为每顿饭选购新鲜的水果、蔬菜、鸡蛋和高质量的肉类。A.choice选择；B.message消息；C.order订单；D.number数量。根据“freshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashighqualitymeatsforeachmeal.”可知，这里指的是他们有新鲜的食物可供选择，haveachoiceof符合语境，C选项意义上也说得通，但应为haveanorderof（订购，选购，购买），但原文冠词为a，应排除，故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些不同，但证据显示近年来生活方式的改变或许会影响法国人的饮食习惯。A.examples例子；B.traditions传统；C.changes变化，改变；D.stories故事。下文提到快餐正被法国人认可、接受，法国儿童肥胖率正急剧上升，这是一种变化，同时本句中的recent（近期的，近来的）也起到提示作用，可帮助排除traditions（传统），故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着美国快餐获得认可，年轻人又拒绝以前的传统（生活方式），法国儿童的肥胖率已经达到17%，并且还在上升。A.failure失败；B.success成功；C.acceptance认可，接受；D.rejection拒绝。根据“dtheyoungrejectoldertraditions”，这里强调的是快餐被法国消费者认可、接受，拒绝以前的传统生活方式，而不是强调快餐在商业上的成功，gainacceptance一般指获得消费者、顾客的认可、接受，进入了（法国的）市场，故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived___36___，throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson___37___couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodper