【MOOC】环境分析化学-成都理工大学 中国大学慕课MOOC答案

【MOOC】环境分析化学-成都理工大学中国大学慕课MOOC答案Chapter1单元作业Chapter1单元测验1、【单选题】以下说法错误的是：现代环境分析化学就是研究如何运用现代科学理论和先进实验技术来鉴别和测定环境中化学物质的本题答案：【不包括其种类】2、【单选题】本课程采用教学。本题答案：【双语】3、【单选题】Thepracticalofoperationswhichisusedtoobtainananalyticalresultfromasample,isknownastheanalyticalmethod.本题答案：【sequence】4、【单选题】一项环境全分析过程，通常由个阶段构成。本题答案：【7-8】5、【单选题】环境研究中，分析方法的选择，错误的说法是。本题答案：【不需考虑样品的个数】6、【多选题】进入21世纪，已成为当今世界的三大社会问题。本题答案：【人口#资源#环境】7、【判断题】环境分析化学研究对象范围广。涉及大气、溪流、湖泊、江河、海洋、土壤陆地系统乃至生物圈。本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】环境分析化学研究内容复杂。要求对进入环境的数万种化学品进行价态、形态分析，结构分析，系统分析，同类物、异构体分析，微区、薄层、表面分析，甚至到三维空间扫描分析和时间分辨数据。本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】环境属于多层次、多介质、多元动态系统，环境分析化学要求分析研究对象的迁移变化规律等。本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】环境分析化学研究组分的含量低。尤其是存在于环境、野生动植物和人体组织中的持久性有机污染物（POPs）和环境激素等，须用超高灵敏度的分析设备和良好的净化技术以及特异性的分离手段。本题答案：【正确】11、【判断题】环境分析化学中，分析测试技术涉及的专业面越来越广，综合性越来越强。本题答案：【正确】12、【判断题】环境分析化学与环境化学和环境监测相比，具有显著的学科前沿性与超前性。本题答案：【正确】13、【判断题】拟定分析方案、选择分析方法时，需要考虑的因素不包括完成测定的时间。本题答案：【错误】14、【判断题】现代环境分析化学几乎动用了所有的现代分析化学的最新测试技术和手段，已发展成为内容浩繁、将化学和环境科学的基础理论和实验技术深度融合的交叉性学科。本题答案：【正确】15、【判断题】Sampleconsistsoftwoparts,thematrixwhichisthesubstancetobedetermined,andtherestofthesamplewhichcomprisestheanalyte.本题答案：【错误】16、【判断题】Wheretheaimistoidentifyordetectthepresenceofaspeciesqualitativeanalysisiscarriedout.Incircumstanceswheretheamountofasubstancepresentismeasured,quantitativeanalysisisused.本题答案：【正确】17、【判断题】重量法、容量法、光谱法和质谱法都是分析方法，不是分析技术。本题答案：【错误】18、【判断题】在确定环境分析目标时，分析化学家最好与环境科学家有一个充分的协商。本题答案：【正确】19、【判断题】Samplingcanbedividedintofollowingtypes:Hypothesisguidedsampling，randomsampling，systematicsamplingandstratifiedsampling本题答案：【正确】20、【判断题】Standardmaterialsusedshouldhaveacomposition,whichiscloselysimilartothesample,bothitsanalyteconcentrationandmatrix.本题答案：【正确】Chapter2单元作业Chapter2单元测验1、【单选题】Foranymeasurementthereisanultimatelycorrectvaluewhichisknownasthe.本题答案：【trueresult】2、【单选题】issimplythedifferencebetweenanexperimentalresultandthetrueresult.本题答案：【error】3、【单选题】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttothetrueresultisknownasits.本题答案：【accuracy】4、【单选题】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttoanotherexperimentalresultisknownasits.本题答案：【precision】5、【单选题】referstovariationswherereplicatemeasurementsaremadeundercloselycontrolledcircumstancesinoneplaceandinashorttimescale.本题答案：【repeatability】6、【单选题】applieswhentimeandplaceandothercircumstancesmaydiffersubstantially,butwiththemethodremainingostensiblythesame.本题答案：【reproducibility】7、【单选题】Thenumericaldifferencebetweenthehighestandlowestvaluesinadatasetisknownasits.本题答案：【rangeorspread】8、【单选题】Thearithmeticaverageofasetofdataisknownasits.本题答案：【mean】9、【单选题】Ifdataareunsymmetricallydistributedtheymaybebestrepresentedbythemostfrequentlyoccurringvalue,i.e.theonecorrespondingtothepeakofthedistributioncurve.Thisisknownasthe.本题答案：【mode】10、【单选题】Inasetofdataof2.9,5.7,3.8,4.2,7.7,5.2,9.4,themedianis.本题答案：【5.2】11、【单选题】Theprecisionisusuallyexpressedbythe.本题答案：【relativestandarddeviation】12、【单选题】Indeterminateerrorcanbetracedtosourcessuchas:本题答案：【smallvariationsintemperature】13、【单选题】用AAS法测定某样品中锌的含量，得到如下结果：4.22,3.95，4.12，4.19，4.05(?g/g)，经计算，其Q值为.本题答案：【0.37】14、【判断题】Thetrueresultisneverknown.本题答案：【正确】15、【判断题】Forestimatingthesignificanceofanerror,theabsoluteerrorismoreusefulthantherelativeerror.本题答案：【错误】16、【判断题】Theabsoluteerrorisquotedinthesameunitsasthemeasurement.本题答案：【正确】17、【判断题】Adegreeoffreedomisanindependentvariable.本题答案：【正确】18、【判断题】variancesareadditiveandtheoverallvarianceforaprocessmaybeestimatedbysummingtheindividualvariancesforitsconstituentparts.本题答案：【正确】19、【判断题】两个实验室采用同一方法对同一样品中的某元素进行了分析，测得结果如下：第一组6.16.95.96.26.76.0第二组6.36.25.75.55.4如果该样品的推荐值为5.5(mg/g)经计算比较（90%的置信水平），两组数据的精密度有显著性差异。本题答案：【错误】20、【判断题】上题中，经计算比较（90%的置信水平），两组数据的平均值有显著性差异。本题答案：【正确】Chapter3单元作业Chapter3单元测验1、【单选题】根据样品的性质来划分，形态可以划分为金属元素形态、土壤和沉积物中金属元素形态和大气颗粒物形态。本题答案：【水体中】2、【单选题】表征与测定元素（或污染物）在环境中存在的各种物理和化学形态的称为形态分析。本题答案：【过程】3、【单选题】森林土壤中，更易被降水淋溶而迁移。本题答案：【Pb4+比Pb2+】4、【单选题】在Tessier法中，提取碳酸盐结合态的溶剂是。本题答案：【1mol/LNaAc–HAc，pH5.0】5、【单选题】在Tessier法中，提取铁锰氧化物结合态的溶剂是。本题答案：【0.04mol/LNH2OH·HCl+4.4mol/LHAc，96℃】6、【单选题】在Tessier法中，提取可交换态的溶剂是。本题答案：【1mol/LMgCl2或NH4Ac，pH7.0】7、【单选题】在Tessier法中，提取有机结合态的溶剂是。本题答案：【0.02mol/LHNO3+H2O2pH2.0,85℃,3.2mol/LNH4Ac+3mol/LHNO3】8、【单选题】在Tessier法中，提取残渣态的溶剂是。本题答案：【HF+HClO4】9、【单选题】是准确形态分析的主要手段。本题答案：【联用技术】10、【多选题】金属与土壤和沉积物组分的结合形态，是根据特定的提取剂和提取步骤来定义的。目前，有代表性的分类方法主要有：本题答案：【Tessier法#Cambrell法#Shuman法#BCR法】11、【多选题】形态分析采样时需要考虑的主要问题有：本题答案：【样品的种类#样品的大致浓度范围#基体的种类及均匀程度#所用分析方法的特殊性】12、【判断题】Speciationmaybedefinedasthedifferentphysico-chemicalformsofanelementwhichtogethercompriseitstotalconcentrationinagivensample.本题答案：【正确】13、【判断题】根据形态的物理化学性质来划分，形态包括物理和化学形态。物理形态包括粒度、溶解度、密度、胶体等；化学形态包括价态、化合态、结合态和结构态。本题答案：【正确】14、【判断题】化学形态分析包括筛选形态分析、分组形态分析、分配形态分析和个体形态分析等本题答案：【正确】15、【判断题】化学形态分析分为准确定量形态分析和按操作定义的形态分析。本题答案：【正确】16、【判断题】砷形态的毒性顺序为:三氧化二砷（砒霜）砷化氢亚砷酸砷酸盐砷酸砷。本题答案：【错误】17、【判断题】顺序（分步）提取法的基本原理是：模拟自然和人为的环境条件变化，按从弱到强的原则，合理使用一系列选择性试剂，连续溶解不同结合态痕量元素的矿物相，将样品中不同赋存状态的元素解析出来，最后分别进行测定。本题答案：【正确】18、【判断题】形态分析时，样品贮存要考虑光照、微生物（生物甲基化或生物降解）、温度、pH、贮存容器材料（吸附或污染）的对元素化学形态的影响，保持化学形态的完整性。本题答案：【正确】19、【判断题】溶解态金属的形态分析技术分为实验法(或叫直接法)和计算机模拟法（计算法）两大类。本题答案：【正确】20、【判断题】模拟计算法是根据热力学平衡原理，计算时考虑到处于平衡状态下溶解态金属的水解、聚合、络合、胶体形成和吸附等因素对金属形态的影响，通过计算，估算出水体中可能存在的金属形态及其浓度。本题答案：【正确】Chapter4单元作业Chapter4单元测验1、【单选题】1.Therearenaturallyoccurringelementsontheearth.本题答案：【90】2、【单选题】Inbiologicalsystemselementscanbebasicallygroupedinto.本题答案：【A+B+C】3、【单选题】Fromabiologicalviewpoint,traceelementsaremostconvenientlyclassifiedinto:.本题答案：【essential,non-essentialandtoxic】4、【单选题】Thetraceelementsessentialforplantsarethoseelementswhichcannotbesubstitutedbyothersintheirspecificbiochemicalrolesandthathaveadirectinfluenceontheorganismsothatitcanneithergrownorcompletesomemetabolic.本题答案：【roles】5、【单选题】Insystems,traceelementsaredefinedasbeingessentialifdepletionconsistentlyresultsinadeficiencysyndromeandrepletionspecificallyreversestheabnormalities.本题答案：【humanandanimal】6、【单选题】Thephysiologicalrolesoftheessentialtraceelementsrelatetotheirassociationwithsystems.本题答案：【enzyme】7、【单选题】Theearth’scrustisthesourceofallthenaturaltraceelementsofthevariousenvironmental,geologicalandmarinesystems.本题答案：【primordial】8、【单选题】Theearth’scrustcontainsfreetraceelements.本题答案：【veryfew】9、【单选题】Soilsareconsideredasfortraceelements,andthereforetheyplayanimportantroleintheenvironmentalcyclingofelements.本题答案：【sinks】10、【单选题】Bacteriainthetopsediment-waterinterfacecanstronglyinfluencethechemicalformandtoxicityofvarioustraceelements.本题答案：【chemicalformandtoxicity】11、【单选题】Thepurposesformostwatersamplestobefiltratedimmediatelyfollowingcollectionaretoremove.本题答案：【algae,bacteriaandparticulatematter】12、【单选题】Freezedryingisthepreferredmethodforremovingmoisturefromsampleswithouttraceelementlossesorcontamination.本题答案：【plantandanimal】13、【多选题】Themostdesirablefeaturesofsampledigestionmethodsare：.本题答案：【Theabilitytodissolvethesamplecompletely(noinsolubleresidues)#reasonablyquickandalwayssafe#nopossiblesourcesofsamplelossthroughvolatibility,adsorptionontothewallsofthevessel#eliminationofsamplecontaminationfromthereagentsusedinthedissolutionprocess】14、【多选题】Theanalyticaltechniquesformeasuringtraceelementsinenvironmentalsamplesinclude:本题答案：【AAS,AFS,ICP-OESorICP-AES#NAA,XRF,PIXE,SSMS,IDMS#electrochemical(anodicstrippingvoltammetryandpolarography)#inductivelycoupledplasma—massspectrometry(ICP-MS)】15、【判断题】Theelementalcompositionoftheearth’scrustispredominantlyH,O,C,N,Ca,P,KandCl,whereasthehumanbodyisO,Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Na,K,andMg.本题答案：【错误】16、【判断题】Elementaldistributionisverycomplexanddependentuponmanyphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingenergeticradiation,weathering,pH,redoxproperties,solubility,etc.本题答案：【正确】17、【判断题】Duetotheirlowconcentration,manyofthetraceelementsarenotimportantforthegrowth,development,andhealthoflivingorganisms.本题答案：【错误】18、【判断题】Inbiologicalsystemsthemajorelementsmaintainelectrolytebalanceprocesseswhiletheminorelementsactasstructuralcomponents.本题答案：【错误】19、【判断题】Thetraceelementcompositionofanimalandhumantissuesorfluidisdirectlyrelatedtothetraceelementcontentandbioavailabilityinthesoilorsediment-plant-animal-humanfoodchain.本题答案：【正确】20、【判断题】Theimpactofwaterpollutiondependsuponthemagnitudeoftraceelementinput,durationofinput,physicalandchemicalformandassociatedligandsorchemicals.本题答案：【正确】Chapter5单元作业Chapter5单元测验1、【单选题】Environmentalanalysismaybelimited1111tosurroundingenvironment,wherewemayinvestigatethepresenceofunnaturalorunwantedmaterialsin.本题答案：【Alloftheabove】2、【单选题】Techniquessuchasandinfrared(IR,红外)spectroscopywhichhavebeentraditionallyusedasaidsinidentificationratherthanforquantitationaremostapplicable.本题答案：【Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)】3、【单选题】Environmentorganicpollutantsinclude,alcoholsandphenols,anilinesandbenzidines(联苯氨),chlorinatedsolvents,etc.本题答案：【Alloftheabove】4、【单选题】Methodscommonlyusedfortraceorganicanalysiscanbeassignedtooneofthreesubdivisions:samplepreparation,anddetection.本题答案：【Chromatography】5、【单选题】canbechosenforextractingchlorinatedpesticideresidues,henceseparationbygaschromatographyandquantitationusinganelectroncapturedetector.本题答案：【Hexane】6、【单选题】Ingeneral,thefirstcommonstepinmostprotocolsforsamplepreparationis.本题答案：【Maceration】7、【单选题】Oncethesolutionhasbeenreducedtoasmallvolume,ca.cm3(mL),itisbettertoremovethesamplefromheataltogether.本题答案：【5】8、【单选题】InGC,cannotbeselectedasthemoreselectivedetectorsforconventionalcapillarycolumn.本题答案：【Thermalconductivitydetector】9、【单选题】HPLCisofmostutilitywheretheorganicanalyteshave.本题答案：【Alloftheabove.】10、【单选题】GC-MSismostprobablythemostpowerfultoolavailablefortheanalysisoftraceorganicmaterialsbecauseofitsinherenthighandgoodsensitivity.本题答案：【Selectivity】11、【单选题】TheanalysisofPAHsinair-borneparticularmatterisoftenconductedusingHPLCcombinedwithdetection.本题答案：【Fluorescence】12、【判断题】Itissimplyamatterofdegreeorconcentrationthatseparatesthenoxiousfromtheinnocuous.本题答案：【正确】13、【判断题】Ageneralguidelineisthatifamaterialhasadamagingeffectatmedianorlowconcentrations.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheirchemicalactivity,andthebiologicalsystemunderinvestigation.本题答案：【错误】14、【判断题】Thephase‘likedissolveslike’bestdescribestheapproachtosuccessfulanalyteseparation.本题答案：【正确】15、【判断题】Themorepolarorganochlorineandorganophosphorusresidueshadaloweraffinityforacetonitrilethanhexaneresultinginhigherrecoveries.本题答案：【错误】16、【判断题】Inliquid-liquidpartition,theinterfaceisaphysicalbarrierwhichbarstheexchangeofsolventmolecules,butpermitsthemigrationofsolute(theanalyte)inbothdirections.本题答案：【正确】17、【判断题】Inconcentrationstepwhensamplepreparation,someonecanreducethevolumeofsolventasquicklyaspossiblebytheapplicationoftoomuchheat.本题答案：【错误】18、【判断题】Theaimofascreeninginmultiresidueanalysisistodeterminewhichenvironmentalsamplesubmittedmaybecontaminatedornot.本题答案：【正确】19、【判断题】InMS,thefragmentationpatterncanbeusedasafingerprinttopositivelyidentifytheanalytepresent.本题答案：【正确】20、【判断题】AminesaredifficulttoworkwithbyLCbecausethechromatogramsdisplaytailingpeakscausedbytheadsorptionofthesampleontothesupportorinternalcolumnsurface.本题答案：【错误】Chapter6单元作业Chapter6单元测验1、【单选题】Thetermecotoxicologyisusedtodefinethebranchoftoxicologyconcernedwiththestudyoftheeffectsofnaturalandman-made(anthropogenic)substancesonthebiotic(living)andabiotic(non-living)componentsofthebiosphere本题答案：【toxic】2、【单选题】Atoxicantisanagentthathasaharmfuleffectonabiologicalsystematlevels,fromthesubcellular,throughwholeorganismstocommunitiesandentireecosystems.本题答案：【all】3、【单选题】Themostimportantfactorsinfluencingthetoxicityofasubstanceareitspropertiesasthesedetermineitsbiologicalactivityatthecellularlevel,whichinturndictatesitsimpactathigherstructurallevelsinabiologicalsystem.本题答案：【physicochemical】4、【单选题】Whereaneffectoccursattheprimarysiteofcontactbetweenanorganismandatoxicant,itistermedaeffect.本题答案：【local】5、【单选题】Thegraphdescribingtheofabiologicalsystemtoatoxicantoverarangeofconcentrationsisknownasthedose-responsecurve.本题答案：【response】6、【单选题】Fromthedose/concentration-responsecurveofatoxicant,itcanbeseenthat本题答案：【A+B+C】7、【单选题】LC50representstheatwhich50%ofthetestpopulationiskilled.本题答案：【concentration】8、【单选题】LD50representstheLethalofasubstancethatcausesthedeathof50%oftestorganisms本题答案：【dose】9、【单选题】EC50referstotheconcentrationofasubstancethatproducesachangeinsublethalbehaviororphysiologicalresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本题答案：【effective】10、【单选题】TC50representstheconcentrationatwhichasubstanceproducesaresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本题答案：【toxic】11、【多选题】Ecotoxicologicaleffectscanbebroadlycl