新教材适用2025版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练推理判断类

推理推断类A(2024·河南省新将来联盟高考考前模拟)ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(万神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗兽场)standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades．Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones．Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire．Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(块)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid．“ConcreteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution，”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein．Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive．”1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePantheonandtheColosseum？A．ToexpressrespecttoRomans．B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext．C．ToshowthewisdomofRomanengineers．D．ToprovetheuniquenessofRomanarchitecture．2．WhatmakeRomanarchitecturestandformorethan2,000yearsaccordingtothefinding？A．Complicatedmixingskills．B．Splendidarchitecturalstructures．C．Challenginglocationsofthebuildings．D．WhitechunksinancientRomanconcrete．3．WhatdoesMasicthinkofthenewfinding？A．Important． B．Valueless．C．Unexpected． D．Doubtful．4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext？A．Education． B．Travel．C．Science． D．Lifestyle．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的隐私。1．B推理推断题。依据第一段“ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(万神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗兽场)standingformorethan2,000years？(古罗马的巨大建筑保存了数千年——这是罗马工程师的实力和才智的证明，他们完善了混凝土的运用。但是，他们的建筑材料是如何帮助像万神殿(拥有世界上最大的无加固圆顶)和罗马斗兽场这样的雄伟建筑矗立2000多年的呢？)”可知，作者在第一段列举这两座建筑物是为了引出本文要探讨的话题：为什么古罗马建筑能千年不衰？故选B。2．D细微环节理解题。依据第四段“Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(块)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．(他们发觉混凝土中的白色块状物，被称为石灰碎屑，使混凝土能够愈合随着时间的推移而形成的裂缝。这些白色的块状物质之前始终被忽视，被认为是混合不当或原料质量低劣的证据。)”可知，依据这项发觉，古罗马混凝土中的白色块状物使罗马建筑矗立了2000多年。故选D。3．A推理推断题。依据最终一段“Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsociety(这项新发觉可能有助于使今日的混凝土制造业更具可持续性，可能会变更社会)”可知，Masic认为新的发觉特别重要。故选A。4．C语篇出处题。依据文章主要内容“科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的隐私”以及关键词“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推想出文章出自报纸的科学板块。故选C。B(2024·四川省凉山州高三一模)Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound．Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds．Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(机制)atplay．Dr．MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletoolthatweusetoconstructouridentity．Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,sowefeltthatourpreferencehadtobeaboutmorethanaperson'sshapeandsize．”Sherecorded30volunteers'voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothers'attractivenessonascaleofonetonine．EachparticipantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents．Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatweknow，”Dr．Babelsaid．Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalcords(声带),impliedyouthfulnessandhealth．Acreakyvoice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive．Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospokewithashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices．5．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto．A．comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoicesB．informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoicesC．encouragementousedeepervoicestospeakD．ratepeople'svoicesonascaleofonetonine6．Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress．A．bodysizeandshapeB．ashorterwordlengthC．thesamesocialgroupsD．thickervocalcords7．Dr．MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto．A．introduceapopularfilmstarB．explainabreathyvoiceC．questionpreviousresearchD．convincepeopleofhercharm8．Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage？A．Ayoungladywiththinvoice．B．Anoldladywiththickvoice．C．Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat．D．Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了科学探讨表明我们会很自然地被熟识的嗓音所吸引，人们更倾向于类似的腔调，而语言学家也表明其中有更困难的机制在里面。5．B推理推断题。依据第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他们发觉，人们更喜爱那些腔调、语调和语调与自己相像的人。)”和第三段“Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(机制)atplay．(但加拿大一位语言学家发表的这项新探讨表明，其中有一个更困难的机制在起作用。)”可知，这篇文章的写作目的主要是为了让读者了解到一项关于人的嗓音的最新探讨发觉。故选B。6．C细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他们发觉，人们更喜爱那些腔调、语调和语调与自己相像的人。)”和第四段“Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．(我们评估的人都处于同一方言群体，但他们表现出不同的程度。)”可知，关于人们对嗓音的偏好，新探讨强调对运用同一种方言的社会群体进行评价。故选C。7．B推理推断题。依据第五段“Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．(她还发觉女性带气音的说话声，如美国闻名女演员玛丽莲·梦露为代表的女性，被认为更有吸引力。)”可知，以人们耳熟能详的明星为例，更形象生动地向读者说明什么是带有气音的说话声。故选B。8．A推理推断题。依据其次段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．(人们认为声音低沉的男性和声音稍高的女性听起来更有吸引力。)”可知，一位年轻的女士假如嗓音比较尖细，那人们会认为她的声音很迷人。故选A。C(2024·湖南省张家界市高三二模)SCHOOLSPONSORSHIPSponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers．Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth．Call(617)964-6800fordetailsandcost．Howschoolsponsorshipworks：·Youselecttheschools—asmanyasyouwant—toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines．·Yourcompany'snamewillappearonthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor．·Yourtotalcostforafullyearisonly$195perschoolfor30copiesamonth—that's300copiesperschoolyear．Advantagesforyourorganization：·Yourmessagereachesalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers,whichtellsthemyoucareaboutteens,theirvoicesandtheireducation．·Wecontacttheschoolsexplainingyoursponsorshipandyoursupportofteensinthecommunity．·Weshipthemagazinesdirectlytotheschools．Thereisnoe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