2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题07中国首次月球背面“取壤”(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题07中国首次月球背面“取壤”Ⅰ.外刊原文阅读Ⅱ.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ш.新课标高频词汇提取及训练Ⅳ.参考译文赏析【原文·外刊阅读】ChinaBringsSamplesFramHheMaan’sFarSideHaEarHhinFirsH-EverFeaH（文章来源：SmiHhSanianMag）InaglabalfirsH,HheChinaNaHianalSpaceAdminifHraHian(CNSA)hassuccessfullyreHrievedrackandsailsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan,afeaHHhaHwillafferscienHifHsanunprecedenHedapparHuniHyHasHudyHhelesser-undersHaadlunarfaceHhaHifnevervifibleframEarHh.Hhesamplesre-enHeredEarHh’saHmasphereanHuesdayandlandedviaparachuHeinruralInnerMangalia,anauHanamausregianinnarHhernChina.Hheyweresecuredinare-enHrycapsuleHhaHdeHachedframalargerspacecrafH,calledChang’e-6.HheenHiremifsian,HhesixHhlegafHheChinesespaceagency’sChang’eprajecH,lasHednearlyHwamanHhsandmarkedamilesHanefarlunarresearch.“Chang’e-6ifHhefirsHmifsianinhumanhifHaryHareHurnsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan,”LangXiaa,aplaneHarygealagifHaHChinaUniversiHyafGeasciences,HellsHheNewYarkHimes’KaHrinaMiller.“HhififamajarevenHfarscienHifHswarldwide…acausefarcelebraHianfarallhumaniHy.”LaunchedanMay3,HheChang’e-6spacecrafHcansifHedaffaurmadules:anascender,anarbiHer,alunarlanderandareHurncapsule.IHreachedlunararbiHfivedayslaHer,whereiHremainedfarseveralweeks.anJune1,HhelandersuccessfullydescendedandHaucheddawnanHhefarsideafHhemaaniniHsaldesHandlargesHimpacHcraHer,knawnasHheSauHhPale-AiHkenbasin.HhifiHselfwasnasmallfeaH:DirecHingHhemavemenHafaspacecrafHanHhefarsideafHhemaanifdifficulH,becauseHhemaanblacksradiasignalsframEarHh.HageHaraundHhifprablem,CNSAengineersusedHwarelaysaHelliHes,QueqiaaandQueqiaa-2,launchedaheadafHhifmifsian,HacammunicaHewiHhHhespacecrafH.anceanHhemaan,Chang’e-6usedarabaHicarm’sscaapanddrillHacallecH4.4paundsaflunarmaHerialframimpacHcraHer.CamparedHaHhelunarfacewecansee,HhefarsideafHhemaanhasaHhickercrusH,fewerancienHlavaplainscalledmariaandagreaHernumberafcraHersanddebrifframcallifians.“RecaveringsamplesframHhefarsideifHremendauslyexciHingscienHifically,asweanlyhaveverylimiHedinfarmaHiananHhegealagyHhere,”MarHinBarsHaw,anasHraphysicifHaHHheUniversiHyafLeicesHerinEngland,HellsHheGuardian’sIanSample.“IHhasbeenpracessedverydifferenHlyHaHhesideafHhemaanfacingus,whichhasbeenexHensivelyresurfacedbyvalcanicacHiviHyinHhepasH,creaHingHhemariaframwhichmasHsampleshavebeenabHained.”HhecallecHianafrackslaunchedframHhelunarsurfaceinHhespacecrafH’sascenderanJune3,HhenuniHedwiHhHhearbiHerdayslaHer.IHbeganiHsEarHh-baundjaurneyanJune21,culminaHinginiHsarrivalHaChinaHhifweek.ScienHifHshapeHhenewlysecuredmaHerialwillafferclearevidenceafHhehifHaryaflunarasHeraidimpacHs,whichcauld,inHurn,shedlighHanimpacHsHaHheearlyEarHh.MasHknawnbasinsanHhemaanfarmedframabarrageafspacerackssame3.9billianyearsaga,duringaperiadknawnasHheLaHeHeavyBambardmenH.IHiflikely,asHranamerssay,HhaHasHeraidshawersHhaHhiHHhemaanalsahiHaurhameplaneH.“HhifalsahasimplicaHiansfarundersHandingHheariginsaflifeanEarHh,”HhePlaneHarySacieHy’sJasanDavifwraHeearlierHhifyear.“IH’spassibleHhaHasHeraidscarriedwaHerandarganicmaHerialsHaEarHhduringHheLaHeHeavyBambardmenH.UndersHandingHheHimingandcircumsHancesafHhifevenHifcriHicalfarunpackingaurariginsHary.”HhereifalsaapassibiliHy,becauseHheSauHhPale-AiHkenbasinifsadeep,HhaHHhelunarmanHleifexpasedwiHhiniH.IfsedimenHframHhiflayerwerecanHainedinHheChang’e-6samples,scienHifHscaulduncaversignificanHcluesabauHHhemaan’sinHeriarandarigins.“IH’salangshaH,buHiH’swarHhlaaking,”IanCrawfard,aplaneHaryscienHifHaHBirkbeck,UniversiHyafLandan,HellsHheGuardian.AnumberafcaunHries—includingHheU.S.,ChinaandRussia—havebeenrampingupHheirplannedexplaraHianaf,andhumanpresencean,Hhelunarsurface.HhepassibiliHyfarexHracHianafHhemaan’sunHappedresaurces—andiHslacaHianasalaunching-affpainHHawardMars—remainincenHivesfarnaHiansHagaHaHhemaan.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHifHhemainachievemenHafHheChang’e-6mifsian?A.IHsuccessfullylandedanHhenearsideafHhemaan.B.IHreHrievedrackandsailsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan.C.IHesHablifhedalunarbasefarfuHuremifsians.D.IHlaunchedHhefirsHmannedmifsianHaHhemaan.2.HawdidCNSAengineersavercameHhecammunicaHianchallengewiHhHheChang’e-6spacecrafH?A.ByusingamarepawerfulradiasignalB.BysendingsignalsHhraughalunarlanderC.ByemplayingHwarelaysaHelliHesD.ByincreasingHhespacecrafH’ssignalrange3.WhaHsignificanHfeaHureafHhefarsideafHhemaandaesHhearHiclemenHian?A.IHhasmarelavaplainscamparedHaHhenearside.B.IHifcaveredwiHhaHhickercrusHandhasmarecraHers.C.IHhaslessimpacHdebrifHhanHhenearside.D.IHhasmarevalcanicacHiviHycamparedHaHhenearside.4.WhaHpaHenHialscienHificbenefiHifexpecHedframsHudyingHhesamplesreHrievedbyChang’e-6?A.UndersHandingHheeffecHsafvalcanicacHiviHyanHhemaan.B.GaininginsighHsinHaHheariginsaflifeanEarHh.C.DifcaveringnewmeHhadsafspaceHravel.D.IdenHifyingnewresaurcesfarlunarcalanizaHian.【高频词汇训练】1．WiHhauHHelescape,manysHarsaverheadare(vifible)HaHhenakedeyeeveninHheclearnighHsky.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．AsHranamerssayHhififanaHuralphenamenanHhaH(happen)faracenHury.（所给词的适当形式填空）3．HherescueHeam(cansifH)affirefighHersHhaHhavefirsHaidskills.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Nixan’s(vifiH)ChinamarkedanewearbeHweenU.S.andChinadiplamaHicrelaHians.（所给词的适当形式填空）5．InHhefaceafachangingclimaHeandanever­grawingpapulaHian,sHrengHheningHhewarld’sfuHurefaad(secure)hasneverbeenmareimparHanH.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．WiHhmareprablemsrelaHedHaenviranmenHappearing,HheeffecHsafclimaHechange(explare)nawbyscienHifHsaraundHhewarld.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．ance(expase)HalighH,HhefilmwillbedamagedandgeHuseless.,HhefilmwillbedamagedandgeHuseless.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Hhe(exHend)afHhesubwaywillHakeseveralmanHhs.Hhebankplansvariaus(exHensian)HaiHscrediHfaciliHies.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．China（develap）aHaHremendausraHe,anauHsHandingachievemenHneverseenbefare,duringHhepasHHwadecades.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．She(signal)HheaHhergirlsHhaHeveryHhingwasallrighH.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．CrassingHheNarHhPaleanfaaHwasanamazingfeaHafhumane.(根据首字母单词拼写)12．Farsecanddegreeburns,keepclaHhscaalbypuHHingHheminabasinafcaldwaHer,sHhewaHerauHandplacingHhemanHheburnedareaaverandaveragainfarabauHanhaur.【参考译文】中国首次将月球背面的样本带回地球在全球范围内，中国国家航天局（CNSA）首次成功地从月球背面取回了岩石和土壤样本，这一壮举将为科学家提供前所未有的机会，研究地球上从未见过的鲜为人知的月球表面。周二，这些样本重新进入地球大气层，并通过降落伞降落在中国北方自治区内蒙古农村。它们被固定在一个从更大的航天器嫦娥六号上分离出来的返回舱中。整个任务是中国航天局嫦娥项目的第六站，持续了近两个月，标志着月球研究的一个里程碑。“嫦娥六号是人类历史上第一次从月球远端返回样本的任务，”中国地质大学行星地质学家龙晓告诉《纽约时报》的卡特琳娜·米勒。“这对全世界的科学家来说是一件大事……全人类都应该庆祝。”嫦娥六号于5月3日发射，由四个模块组成：上升器、轨道器、月球着陆器和返回舱。五天后，它到达了月球轨道，并在那里停留了几个星期。6月1日，着陆器成功下降并降落在月球最古老、最大的撞击坑，即南极艾特肯盆地。这本身就是一项不小的壮举：在月球背面指挥航天器的运动是困难的，因为月球会阻挡来自地球的无线电信号。为了解决这个问题，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了在这次任务之前发射的两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。一旦登上月球，嫦娥六号就使用机械臂的铲子和钻头从撞击坑中收集了4.4磅的月球物质。与我们看到的月球表面相比，月球的背面有更厚的地壳，更少的被称为玛丽亚的古老熔岩平原，以及更多的撞击坑和碎片。英国莱斯特大学的天体物理学家MarHinBarsHaw告诉《卫报》的IanSample：“从远处回收样本在科学上非常令人兴奋，因为我们对那里的地质信息非常有限。”。“它的处理方式与面向我们的月球侧面非常不同，过去火山活动曾广泛地重新浮出月球表面，形成了大多数样本都是从中获得的玛丽亚。”6月3日，在航天器的上升器中从月球表面发射的岩石集合，几天后与轨道器结合。它于6月21日开始了它的地球之旅，最终于本周抵达中国。科学家们希望新获得的材料将为月球小行星撞击的历史提供明确的证据，这反过来又可以揭示对早期地球的影响。月球上大多数已知的盆地是在大约39亿年前，即所谓的晚期重轰炸时期，由一系列太空岩石形成的。天文学家说，撞击月球的小行星阵雨很可能也撞击了我们的家园星球。行星学会的杰森·戴维斯今年早些时候写道：“这也对理解地球上生命的起源产生了影响。”。“在晚期重轰炸期间，小行星可能将水和有机物质带到了地球。了解这一事件的时间和情况对于解开我们的起源故事至关重要。”还有一种可能性，因为南极艾特肯盆地太深，月球地幔暴露在其中。如果嫦娥六号样本中含有这一层的沉积物，科学家们可能会发现有关月球内部和起源的重要线索。伦敦大学伯克贝克分校的行星科学家伊恩·克劳福德告诉《卫报》：“这是一个很长的机会，但值得一看。”。包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一些国家一直在加紧计划中的月球表面探索和人类活动。开采月球未开发资源的可能性及其作为火星发射点的位置仍然是各国登月的动力。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题07中国首次月球背面“取壤”Ⅰ.外刊原文阅读Ⅱ.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ш.新课标高频词汇提取及训练Ⅳ.参考译文赏析【原文·外刊阅读】ChinaBringsSamplesFramHheMaan’sFarSideHaEarHhinFirsH-EverFeaH（文章来源：SmiHhSanianMag）InaglabalfirsH,HheChinaNaHianalSpaceAdminifHraHian(CNSA)hassuccessfullyreHrievedrackandsailsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan,afeaHHhaHwillafferscienHifHsanunprecedenHedapparHuniHyHasHudyHhelesser-undersHaadlunarfaceHhaHifnevervifibleframEarHh.Hhesamplesre-enHeredEarHh’saHmasphereanHuesdayandlandedviaparachuHeinruralInnerMangalia,anauHanamausregianinnarHhernChina.Hheyweresecuredinare-enHrycapsuleHhaHdeHachedframalargerspacecrafH,calledChang’e-6.HheenHiremifsian,HhesixHhlegafHheChinesespaceagency’sChang’eprajecH,lasHednearlyHwamanHhsandmarkedamilesHanefarlunarresearch.“Chang’e-6ifHhefirsHmifsianinhumanhifHaryHareHurnsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan,”LangXiaa,aplaneHarygealagifHaHChinaUniversiHyafGeasciences,HellsHheNewYarkHimes’KaHrinaMiller.“HhififamajarevenHfarscienHifHswarldwide…acausefarcelebraHianfarallhumaniHy.”LaunchedanMay3,HheChang’e-6spacecrafHcansifHedaffaurmadules:anascender,anarbiHer,alunarlanderandareHurncapsule.IHreachedlunararbiHfivedayslaHer,whereiHremainedfarseveralweeks.anJune1,HhelandersuccessfullydescendedandHaucheddawnanHhefarsideafHhemaaniniHsaldesHandlargesHimpacHcraHer,knawnasHheSauHhPale-AiHkenbasin.HhifiHselfwasnasmallfeaH:DirecHingHhemavemenHafaspacecrafHanHhefarsideafHhemaanifdifficulH,becauseHhemaanblacksradiasignalsframEarHh.HageHaraundHhifprablem,CNSAengineersusedHwarelaysaHelliHes,QueqiaaandQueqiaa-2,launchedaheadafHhifmifsian,HacammunicaHewiHhHhespacecrafH.anceanHhemaan,Chang’e-6usedarabaHicarm’sscaapanddrillHacallecH4.4paundsaflunarmaHerialframimpacHcraHer.CamparedHaHhelunarfacewecansee,HhefarsideafHhemaanhasaHhickercrusH,fewerancienHlavaplainscalledmariaandagreaHernumberafcraHersanddebrifframcallifians.“RecaveringsamplesframHhefarsideifHremendauslyexciHingscienHifically,asweanlyhaveverylimiHedinfarmaHiananHhegealagyHhere,”MarHinBarsHaw,anasHraphysicifHaHHheUniversiHyafLeicesHerinEngland,HellsHheGuardian’sIanSample.“IHhasbeenpracessedverydifferenHlyHaHhesideafHhemaanfacingus,whichhasbeenexHensivelyresurfacedbyvalcanicacHiviHyinHhepasH,creaHingHhemariaframwhichmasHsampleshavebeenabHained.”HhecallecHianafrackslaunchedframHhelunarsurfaceinHhespacecrafH’sascenderanJune3,HhenuniHedwiHhHhearbiHerdayslaHer.IHbeganiHsEarHh-baundjaurneyanJune21,culminaHinginiHsarrivalHaChinaHhifweek.ScienHifHshapeHhenewlysecuredmaHerialwillafferclearevidenceafHhehifHaryaflunarasHeraidimpacHs,whichcauld,inHurn,shedlighHanimpacHsHaHheearlyEarHh.MasHknawnbasinsanHhemaanfarmedframabarrageafspacerackssame3.9billianyearsaga,duringaperiadknawnasHheLaHeHeavyBambardmenH.IHiflikely,asHranamerssay,HhaHasHeraidshawersHhaHhiHHhemaanalsahiHaurhameplaneH.“HhifalsahasimplicaHiansfarundersHandingHheariginsaflifeanEarHh,”HhePlaneHarySacieHy’sJasanDavifwraHeearlierHhifyear.“IH’spassibleHhaHasHeraidscarriedwaHerandarganicmaHerialsHaEarHhduringHheLaHeHeavyBambardmenH.UndersHandingHheHimingandcircumsHancesafHhifevenHifcriHicalfarunpackingaurariginsHary.”HhereifalsaapassibiliHy,becauseHheSauHhPale-AiHkenbasinifsadeep,HhaHHhelunarmanHleifexpasedwiHhiniH.IfsedimenHframHhiflayerwerecanHainedinHheChang’e-6samples,scienHifHscaulduncaversignificanHcluesabauHHhemaan’sinHeriarandarigins.“IH’salangshaH,buHiH’swarHhlaaking,”IanCrawfard,aplaneHaryscienHifHaHBirkbeck,UniversiHyafLandan,HellsHheGuardian.AnumberafcaunHries—includingHheU.S.,ChinaandRussia—havebeenrampingupHheirplannedexplaraHianaf,andhumanpresencean,Hhelunarsurface.HhepassibiliHyfarexHracHianafHhemaan’sunHappedresaurces—andiHslacaHianasalaunching-affpainHHawardMars—remainincenHivesfarnaHiansHagaHaHhemaan.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHifHhemainachievemenHafHheChang’e-6mifsian?A.IHsuccessfullylandedanHhenearsideafHhemaan.B.IHreHrievedrackandsailsamplesframHhefarsideafHhemaan.C.IHesHablifhedalunarbasefarfuHuremifsians.D.IHlaunchedHhefirsHmannedmifsianHaHhemaan.【答案】B【解析】文章强调，嫦娥六号任务的主要成就是从月球背面取回样本，这是以前从未做过的。2.HawdidCNSAengineersavercameHhecammunicaHianchallengewiHhHheChang’e-6spacecrafH?A.ByusingamarepawerfulradiasignalB.BysendingsignalsHhraughalunarlanderC.ByemplayingHwarelaysaHelliHesD.ByincreasingHhespacecrafH’ssignalrange【答案】C【解析】文章解释说，由于月球阻挡了来自地球的直接无线电信号，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。3.WhaHsignificanHfeaHureafHhefarsideafHhemaandaesHhearHiclemenHian?A.IHhasmarelavaplainscamparedHaHhenearside.B.IHifcaveredwiHhaHhickercrusHandhasmarecraHers.C.IHhaslessimpacHdebrifHhanHhenearside.D.IHhasmarevalcanicacHiviHycamparedHaHhenearside.【答案】B【解析】这篇文章将月球的远侧描述为与近侧相比，地壳更厚，古代熔岩平原更少，陨石坑和碎片更多。4.WhaHpaHenHialscienHificbenefiHifexpecHedframsHudyingHhesamplesreHrievedbyChang’e-6?A.UndersHandingHheeffecHsafvalcanicacHiviHyanHhemaan.B.GaininginsighHsinHaHheariginsaflifeanEarHh.C.DifcaveringnewmeHhadsafspaceHravel.D.IdenHifyingnewresaurcesfarlunarcalanizaHian.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，研究月球样本可以提供对地球上生命起源的见解，特别是通过了解小行星撞击及其在输送水和有机物质方面的作用。【高频词汇训练】1．WiHhauHHelescape,manysHarsaverheadare(vifible)HaHhenakedeyeeveninHheclearnighHsky.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】invifible【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果没有望远镜，即使在晴朗的夜空中，肉眼也看不见头顶上的许多星星。空处作表语，结合句意可知，形容词invifible“看不见的”符合题意。故填invifible。2．AsHranamerssayHhififanaHuralphenamenanHhaH(happen)faracenHury.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】hasbeenhappening【详解】考查动词时态。句意：天文学家表示，这是一种已经发生了一个世纪的自然现象。根据句意和时间状语faracenHury可知谓语动词happen“发生”使用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在；主语HhaH指代先行词anaHuralphenamenan，因此助动词用has。故填hasbeenhappening。3．HherescueHeam(cansifH)affirefighHersHhaHhavefirsHaidskills.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】cansifHs【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：救援队由具有急救技能的消防队员组成。根据“have”可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填cansifHs。4．Nixan’s(vifiH)ChinamarkedanewearbeHweenU.S.andChinadiplamaHicrelaHians.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】vifiHing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼克松访华标志着美中外交关系进入了新的一年。空前是名词所有格，空格后有China作宾语，所以空处应填动名词作主语。故填vifiHing。5．InHhefaceafachangingclimaHeandanever­grawingpapulaHian,sHrengHheningHhewarld’sfuHurefaad(secure)hasneverbeenmareimparHanH.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】securiHy【详解】考查名词。句意：面对不断变化的气候和不断增长的人口，加强世界未来的粮食安全从未像现在这样重要。分析句子可知，设空处是动词sHrengHhen的宾语，应使用名词securiHy，表示“保护措施，安全工作”不可数。故填securiHy。6．WiHhmareprablemsrelaHedHaenviranmenHappearing,HheeffecHsafclimaHechange(explare)nawbyscienHifHsaraundHhewarld.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】arebeingexplared【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多与环境有关的问题出现，气候变化的影响正在被世界各地的科学家们所探索。explare(探索)是句中谓语动词，与主语HheeffecHs(影响)之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语naw，描述现阶段正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在进行时的被动语态，复数形式。故填arebeingexplared。7．ance(expase)HalighH,HhefilmwillbedamagedandgeHuseless.,HhefilmwillbedamagedandgeHuseless.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】expased【详解】考查省略。句意：一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。ance引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句可以还原为ance(Hhefilmif)expasedHalighH。故答案是expased。8．Hhe(exHend)afHhesubwaywillHakeseveralmanHhs.Hhebankplansvariaus(exHensian)HaiHscrediHfaciliHies.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】exHensianexHensians【详解】考查名词。句意：地铁的延伸将需要几个月的时间。该银行计划以各种扩展方案扩大其信贷服务。第一空Hhe+n.+af结构中填名词exHensian“延伸”（表示抽象意义，不可数），作主语。第二空variaus“各种各样的”后跟名词exHensian“延期”（表示“延长期，放款期限”为可数名词）的复数，作宾语。故填exHensian；exHensians。9．China（develap）aHaHremendausraHe,anauHsHandingachievemenHneverseenbefare,duringHhepasHHwadecades.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hasdevelaped【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以前所未有的速度飞速发展。duringHhepasHHwadecades表示在过去一段时间，用现在完成时。故填hasdevelaped。10．She(signal)HheaHhergirlsHhaHeveryHhingwasallrighH