山东省顶级名校2025届高三上学期第二次诊断考试英语试题含答案

绝密★启用并使用完毕前2025届高三第二次诊断考试英语试题2024.11（本试卷共12页，共四部分；全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题纸上。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.非选择题的作答：用0.5mm黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Heplaysdrumsinaband.B.Helovesplayingtheguitar.C.He’sjustfinishedapianolesson.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atacafé.B.Atauniversity.C.Atananimalshelter.3.Howcantheman’srecipebedescribed?A.It’sareward.B.It’sasuccess.C.It’saproblem.4.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothbigreaders.B.Theyarebothinthelibrary.C.Theybothhavejustfinishedabook.5.Whatisthewoman’sdutyintheevent?A.Tomakefood.B.Toplayintheband.C.Togivedirections.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whywasitdifficulttorescuethecat?A.Itwasinthetopofatree.B.Itwastooscaredtomove.C.Itwashurtbythebranches.7.Whatdidthemandotorescuethecat?A.Heclimbedthetree.B.Heborrowedaladder.C.Hegotaneighbortohelphim.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Reportingfinancialnews.C.Organizingacommunityevent.9.WhatisCharlesMartin’sfamilymainlyworriedabout?A.Thathishealthconditionwillbecomeworse.B.Thathisdutiesathomeandschoolwillbeaffected.C.Thathiseffortsinthecommunitywon’tberecognized.10.HowdoesCharlesMartinplantoremovehisfamily’sconcerns?A.Bytalkingtohisteacher.B.Byquittingthecommunityproject.C.Byinvolvinghisfamilyincommunitywork.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakers?A.Footballfans.B.Aplayerandacoach.C.TVsportsreporters.12.Whatcausesthecurrentsituationofthegameaccordingtotheman?A.Certainplayers.B.Poorpassing.C.Baddefense.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkwillhappenattheendofthegame?A.Thevisitingteamwillwin.B.Thegamewillendinadraw.C.Thehometeamwillwinbytwogoals.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Theworkinglife.B.Collegeexperience.C.Hobbies.15.Howlonghasthemanbeenatuniversity?A.Aboutfourmonths.B.Aboutsixmonths.C.Abouteightmonths.16.Whatisthebiggestissuefortheman?A.Thestressofexams.B.Theshortageofmoney.C.Theloadsofassignments.17.Whendoesthemanfindtimetorelax?A.Onweekends.B.Rightafterexams.C.Duringthenightsafterwork.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howdidthespeakerbecomeaphotographerindemand?A.Bytakingsmalljobs.B.Bystartingabusiness.C.Byteachinginworkshops.19.Whatchallengedidthespeakerface?A.Constantlychanginghobbies.B.Decreasedinterestinphotography.C.Thestressofproducingperfectwork.20.Whatisincludedinthespeaker’sfutureplansforhiscareer?A.Expandingthebusiness.B.Takingphotographytripsabroad.C.Findingoutmoreformsofphotography.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALibrarieshavebeensomeoftheworld’sgreatestinstitutionsofknowledgeforthousandsofyears.Here,let’sknowsomeoftheworld’sfamouslibraries.MorganLibrary&MuseumThislibrarywasformedin1906toholdthecollectionofthebankerJ.P.Morgan.Itemsofspecialprominence(突出)inMorgan’scollectionincludeoriginalmanuscripts,worksbySirWalterScott,anddrawingsbymasterfulartistslikePicassoandMichelangelo.Thelibrarywasmadeapublicinstitutionin1924byJ.P.Morgan’ssonJohnPierpontMorganJr.BodleianLibraryEstablishedin1602,Bodleian,themainresearchlibraryoftheUniversityofOxford,isoneoftheoldestlibrariesinEurope,housingmanyindividualprintedbooks,liketherarefirsteditionofDonQuixote,andthefirstmodernnovel(1604).ShanghaiLibraryShanghaiLibraryisChina’slargestpubliclibrarywithacollectionofmorethan50millionitems.Itmerged(合并)withtheInstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofShanghaiin1995,becomingthefirstlibraryinChinatoofferextensiveresearchfunctions.NationalLibraryofChinaThislibrarywasinitiallyfoundedastheImperialPekingLibraryin1909andrenamedtheNationalLibraryofChina(NLC)in1999.Withover41millionitemsbyDecember2020,itisnotonlythecountry’smaincollectionforthenation’spublications,butalsoisChina’snationalmuseumofancientbooks.It’sreportedthatthislibraryhasabout280,000volumesofrarebooks,whichincludeover1,600rareworksfromtheSongandYuanDynasties.1.WhatmadeMorganLibrary&Museumapublicinstitution?A.Therequestofthepublic.B.J.P.Morgan’sdecisionin1906.C.Thecollectionofvaluableitems.D.JohnPierpontMorganJr.’sefforts.2.Whichlibrarybestsuitspeopleinterestedinscientificmaterial?A.BodleianLibrary. B.ShanghaiLibrary.C.NationalLibraryofChina. D.MorganLibrary&Museum.3.WhatdoweknowaboutNationalLibraryofChina?A.Ithousesnumerousrarebooksfromancienttimes.B.Ithasfewerthan41millionliteraryworksby2020.C.Itismainlyforcollectinginternationalpublications.D.ItwasfoundedastheNationalLibraryofChinain1909.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了世界上一些著名的图书馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MorganLibrary&Museum部分中“Thelibrarywasmadeapublicinstitutionin1924byJ.P.Morgan’ssonJohnPierpontMorganJr.(图书馆于1924年由J.P.Morgan的儿子JohnPierpontMorganJr.成为公共机构。)”可知，由于JohnPierpontMorganJr.的努力，摩根图书馆与博物馆成为一个公共机构，故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据ShanghaiLibrary部分中“Itmerged(合并)withtheInstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofShanghaiin1995,becomingthefirstlibraryinChinatoofferextensiveresearchfunctions.(1995年，它与上海科学技术信息研究所合并，成为中国第一家提供广泛研究功能的图书馆。)”可知，上海图书馆与上海科学技术信息研究所合并，提供广泛的研究功能，故适合对科学材料感兴趣的人，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据NationalLibraryofChina部分中“It’sreportedthatthislibraryhasabout280,000volumesofrarebooks,whichincludeover1,600rareworksfromtheSongandYuanDynasties.(据报道，这个图书馆有大约28万册珍本图书，其中包括1600多件宋元时期的珍本作品。)”可知，中国国家图书馆藏有许多古代的珍本书籍。故选A。BWhatcoulddrivingaracecarandpointingacameraattheMilkyWayhaveincommon?Morethanyoumightimagine.RacecardriverBubbaWallaceandphotographerBatakTefreshijourneyedtogethertoremoteGooseberryMesaforanadventureaimingtocapturethenightsky.GooseberryMesa,farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenight-timeartificiallight,makingitperfectforstarphotographers.Naturenightenvironmentssuchasthisarerare.Camping,hiking,andshootingstarsinmountainousMesahighlightthesimilaritybetweenphotographyandracing.Bubbanotes,“Onceyoufireuptheenginethere’snoturningback—IknowI’llbeinthatseatformorethanthreehours.”Batakagrees,“IhavethesamefeelingassoonasItouchthewheelofmycamera—I’mreadytocontinuethroughtheentirenight.”ForBubba,developingpatienceallowedhimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtohisphotography.Seizingthemomentiscrucialtoo.“Everyminutethingsarechanging—theEarth’sshadow,themoonlight,theriseofstars,”Batakexplains.“Ifyoulosethemoment,it’sgoneforever.”BubbafindsthephysicalandmentaldemandsofracingascrucialwhentravellinginUtah’sruggedlandscapesunderfreezingtemperatures.Thinkincomingclouds,wind,ormistwillruinyourchanceataperfectshot?AccordingtoBatak,“Withwide-anglenightscapeseveryunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity.Ourphotosshoworangesandbluesaroundthemoonyouwouldn’tseeunderaclearsky.”Theteamdiscoveredsharedintereststhatgobeyondphotography.“We’rebothpassionateaboutbringingculturestogetherandusingourworktobreakdownboundaries,”saysBatak.“Thenightskyhasaunifyingpower.Theskyconnectsthewholeworldunderoneumbrella.”4.WhyisGooseberryMesaanidealdestinationforstarphotographers?A.It’sapopulartouristspot.B.It’slocatednearalargecity.C.It’sfreefromlightpollution.D.It’seasilyaccessibletoaracecar.5.Inwhatwayisphotographysimilartoracingaccordingtothetext?A.Theyrequirepatienceandtiming.B.Theydependonadvancedequipment.C.Theyinvolvetravellingtoremoteplaces.D.Theysimplyneedtomeetphysicalchallenges.6WhatdoesBatakTefreshithinkofunexpectedweatherconditions?A.Theymakethenightskyinviting.B.Theyareobstaclestobeovercome.C.Theyarechancesforbetterpictures.D.Theystophimfromtouchingthewheel.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PassionforDiscoveringCulturesB.JourneytoShootingtheNightSkyC.AdvocacyofEnvironmentalProtectionD.CharmoftheNightSkyinGooseberryMesa【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了赛车手Bubba和摄影师Batak一起前往Mesa拍摄夜空的故事。Mesa远离光污染，这样清澈的夜空十分稀有，对于夜空拍摄来说十分完美。两位主人公的经历也集中体现了赛车和摄影的相似之处。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“GooseberryMesa,farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenight-timeartificiallight,makingitperfectforstarphotographers.(GooseberryMesa远离人口中心，免受夜间人造光的干扰，非常适合星空摄影师。)”可知，GooseberryMesa因其地处偏远，没有受到光污染，所以适合拍摄星空。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Bubbanotes,“Onceyoufireuptheenginethere’snoturningback—IknowI’llbeinthatseatformorethanthreehours.”Batakagrees,“IhavethesamefeelingassoonasItouchthewheelofmycamera—I’mreadytocontinuethroughtheentirenight.”ForBubba,developingpatienceallowedhimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtohisphotography.(Bubba指出：“一旦你启动引擎，就没有回头路了——我知道我会在那个座位上坐三个多小时。”Batak也同意，“我一碰到相机的轮子就有同样的感觉——我已经准备好继续一整夜了。”对Bubba来说，培养耐心让他成为一名成熟的司机，这对他的摄影同样重要)”以及第四段“Seizingthemomentiscrucialtoo.“Everyminutethingsarechanging—theEarth’sshadow,themoonlight,theriseofstars,”Batakexplains.“Ifyoulosethemoment,it’sgoneforever.”BubbafindsthephysicalandmentaldemandsofracingascrucialwhentravellinginUtah’sruggedlandscapesunderfreezingtemperatures.(抓住时机也很关键。Batak解释说：“每一分钟都在发生变化——地球的影子、月光、星星的升起。”“如果你错过了那个瞬间，它就永远消失了。”Bubba发现，在寒冷的气温下于犹他州崎岖的地形上旅行时，赛车的身心要求至关重要)”可知，对于摄影和赛车这两件事来说，在保持耐心和抓住时机这两点上是相似的。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thinkincomingclouds,wind,ormistwillruinyourchanceataperfectshot?AccordingtoBatak,“Withwide-anglenightscapeseveryunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity.Ourphotosshoworangesandbluesaroundthemoonyouwouldn’tseeunderaclearsky.”(想想即将到来的云朵、风或雾气会破坏你拍摄完美照片的机会吗？Batak说：“有了广角夜景，每一种意想不到的天气状况都可能成为一个机会。我们的照片显示在月亮周围有橙色和蓝色光芒，这在晴朗的天空下是看不到的。”)”可知，在Batak看来，意外的天气状况反而可能带来拍出更好照片的良机。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。总览全文，尤其是第一段“WhatcoulddrivingaracecarandpointingacameraattheMilkyWayhaveincommon?Morethanyoumightimagine.RacecardriverBubbaWallaceandphotographerBatakTefreshijourneyedtogethertoremoteGooseberryMesaforanadventureaimingtocapturethenightsky.(驾驶赛车和用相机对准银河系有什么共同点？可能比你想象的要多。赛车手BubbaWallace和摄影师BatakTefreshi一起前往偏远的GooseberryMesa进行一次旨在捕捉夜空的冒险)”可知，文章从摄影和赛车有何共同点这一问题引入，引出赛车手BubbaWallace和摄影师BatakTefreshi一同去往远方拍摄夜空的旅程，后续文章则围绕着两人在旅程中的感受展开，B选项“拍摄夜空之旅”符合文章主要内容，适合作为标题。故选B。CMomalwayssaid,“Chooseyourfriendswisely.”NowastudyledbyaRutgersHealthprofessorshowsshewasontosomething:Theirpersonalitytraitscanaffectyou—especiallyonesthatareintheirgenes.Thegeneticmake-upofadolescentpeersmayhavelong-termconsequencesforindividualriskofdrugandalcoholusedisorders,depressionandanxiety,thegroundbreakingstudyhasfound.“Whatourdataillustratesisthelongreachofsocialgeneticeffects,”saidJessicaE.Salvatore,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatryattheRutgersRobertWoodJohnsonMedicalSchoolandleadauthorofthestudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Socio-genomics—theinfluenceofoneperson’sgenotypeontheobservabletraitsofanother—isanemergingfieldofgenomics.Previousresearchsuggestedthatpeers’geneticmake-upmightinfluencehealthoutcomesoftheirfriends.Totestthis,SalvatoreandhercolleaguesusedSwedishnationaldatatoassesspeersocialgeneticeffectsforseveralmentaldisorders.Withananonymized(匿名的)databaseofmorethan1.5millionindividualsborninSwedenbetween1980and1998toSwedish-bornparents,thefirststepwastomapindividualsbylocationandbyschoolduringtheirteenageyears.Theresearchersthenusedmedical,pharmacyandlegalregistriesdocumentingsubstanceuseandmentalhealthdisordersforthesameindividualsinadulthood.Havingcontrolledfactorssuchasthetargetindividuals’owngenetictendenciesandfamilysocio-economicfactors,theresearchersstillfoundaclearassociationbetweenpeers’genetictendenciesandtargetindividuals’likelihoodofdevelopingasubstanceuseormentaldisorder.Theimpactswerestrongeramongschool-basedpeersthangeographicallydefinedpeers.Salvatoresaidmoreresearchisneededtounderstandwhytheseconnectionsexist.Butwhatisclear,shesaid,isthatthefindingscountforinterventions.“Ifwewanttothinkabouthowtobestaddressthesesociallycostlydisorders,weneedtothinkmoreaboutnetwork-basedandsocialinterventions,”shesaid.Thisresearchalsounderlinestheimportanceofdisruptingprocessesandrisksthatextendforatleastadecadeafterattendanceinschool,Salvatoreadded.“Peergeneticinfluenceshaveaverylongreach,”shesaid.8.WhatdoesthedataofSalvatore’sresearchshow?A.Youshouldlistentoyourparent’sadvice.B.Peersaretoblameforyourmentaldiseases.C.Peers’make-upisthemostinfluentialfactor.D.Peers’personalitywillaffectyouinthelongrun.9.WhydidSalvatoreandhercolleaguesconducttheresearch?A.Theywereconcernedwithhealthoutcomesofadolescents.B.Theyaccessedananonymizeddatabaseofpeers’influence.C.Theyworriedaboutseverecasesofpeers’mentaldisorders.D.Theyintendedtocheckformerresearchonsocio-genomics.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Targetindividualswereeasilyaffectedintheschool.B.Familysocio-economicfactorsmadeforthefindings.CGeneticmake-uphadnothingtodowithmentaldisorder.D.Targetindividualswereunlikelytosuffersubstanceuses.11.WhatisSalvatore’ssuggestiononinterventions?A.Lettinggoofsocialgeneticeffectsafter10years.B.Diggingintowhyschool-basedconnectionsexist.C.Persistingintheremovalofthenegativeinfluence.D.Highlightingtherisksthatwouldextendforalongtime.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项由RutgersHealth的教授领导的研究，该研究发现青少年同伴的基因构成可能对个体面临药物和酒精使用障碍、抑郁和焦虑等风险产生长期影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thegeneticmake-upofadolescentpeersmayhavelong-termconsequencesforindividualriskofdrugandalcoholusedisorders,depressionandanxiety,thegroundbreakingstudyhasfound.(这项开创性的研究发现，青少年同龄人的基因构成可能会对个人吸毒和酗酒、抑郁和焦虑的风险产生长期影响。)”和“Whatourdataillustratesisthelongreachofsocialgeneticeffects(我们的数据说明了社会遗传效应的长期影响)”可知，Salvatore的研究数据显示了从长远来看，同伴的性格会影响你。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Previousresearchsuggestedthatpeers’geneticmake-upmightinfluencehealthoutcomesoftheirfriends.Totestthis,SalvatoreandhercolleaguesusedSwedishnationaldatatoassesspeersocialgeneticeffectsforseveralmentaldisorders.(之前的研究表明，同龄人的基因组成可能会影响他们朋友的健康状况。为了验证这一点，Salvatore和她的同事使用瑞典国家数据来评估同伴社会遗传对几种精神障碍的影响。)”可知，Salvatore和她的同事进行这项研究是因为他们打算检查之前关于社会基因组学的研究。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theimpactswerestrongeramongschool-basedpeersthangeographicallydefinedpeers.(以学校为基础的同伴比以地理为基础的同伴的影响更大。)”可知，目标个体在学校里很容易受到影响。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisresearchalsounderlinestheimportanceofdisruptingprocessesandrisksthatextendforatleastadecadeafterattendanceinschool,Salvatoreadded.(Salvatore补充说，这项研究还强调了中断过程和风险的重要性，这些风险在上学后至少会延续十年。)”可知，Salvatore对干预的建议是坚持消除负面影响。故选C。DTheworldisalreadyfacingnaturaldisastersofepicproportionsastemperaturesrise.Theonlyknownmethodabletoquicklyarrestthistemperatureriseisclimateengineering,whichisasetofproposedactionstodeliberatelyaltertheclimate.Theseactionsincludeimitatingthecoolingeffectsoflargevolcaniceruptionsbyputtinglargeamountsofreflectiveparticles(微粒)intheatmosphere,ormakinglowcloudsovertheoceanbrighter.Bothstrategieswouldreflectasmallamountofsunlightbacktospacetocooltheplanet.Therearemanyunansweredquestions,however,abouttheeffectsofintentionallyalteringtheclimate.Oneofthelargestconcernsformanycountriesisnationalsecurity.Thatdoesn’tjustmeanwars;riskstofood,energyandwatersuppliesarenationalsecurityissues.Besides,aclimateengineeringprojectinonecountryislikelytoaffecttemperatureandrainfallinneighboringcountries.Thatcouldbegoodorbadforcrops,watersuppliesandfloodrisk.Onceclimateengineeringisemployed,countriesmaybemorelikelytoblameclimateengineeringforextremeeventssuchashurricanes,floodsanddroughts,regardlessoftheevidence.Whilesmallexperimentshavebeencarriedout,nobodyhasconductedlarge-scaleclimateengineeringyet.Thatmeansthatalotofinformationaboutitseffectsreliesonclimatemodels.Fornow,therearemorequestionsaboutclimateengineeringthananswers.It’shardtosaywhetherclimateengineeringwouldcreatemoreconflict,orifitcoulddefuseinternationaltensionsbyreducingclimatechange.Butinternationaldecisionsonclimateengineeringarelikelycomingsoon.AttheUnitedNationsEnvironmentAssemblyinMarch2024,Africancountriescalledforapostponementofclimateengineering,urgingallprecaution.Othernations,includingtheUnitedStates,pressedforaformalscientificgrouptostudytherisksandbenefitsbeforemakinganydecisions.Climateengineeringcouldbepartofareasonablesolutiontoclimatechange.Butitalsocarriesrisks.Putsimply,climateengineeringisatechnologythatcan’tbeignored,butmoreresearchisneededsopolicymakerscanmakeinformeddecisions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arrest”inparagraph1mean?A.Force. B.Cease. C.Adopt. D.Match.13.Whatdoweknowaboutclimateengineering?A.Itaimsatreducingcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.B.Itreflectsasmallamountofsunlightbacktotheearth.C.Itincludesactionsthatcopythenaturalcoolingeffects.D.Itmainlyusesreflectiveparticlestocreatebrighterclouds.14.Whathasledtoconcernsaboutclimateengineering?A.Climatemodels. B.Weatherconditions.C.Unidentifiedeffects. D.Geographicallocations.15.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Progresshasbeenmadeininternationalcooperation.B.Precautionisabettersolutionthanclimateengineering.C.Differentregionswillembraceclimateengineeringaltogether.D.Follow-upstudiesarerequiredtocarryoutclimateengineering.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候工程可以阻止气温上升，介绍了其工作原理以及影响。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theworldisalreadyfacingnaturaldisastersofepicproportionsastemperaturesrise.(随着气温上升，世界已经面临着大规模自然灾害)”以及划线词后文“climateengineering,whichisasetofproposedactionstodeliberatelyaltertheclimate(气候工程是一套有意改变气候的拟议行动)”可知，气候工程可以阻止气温上升。故划线词意思是“停止”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theseactionsincludeimitatingthecoolingeffectsoflargevolcaniceruptionsbyputtinglargeamountsofreflectiveparticles(微粒)intheatmosphere,ormakinglowcloudsovertheoceanbrighter.(这些措施包括通过在大气中释放大量反射粒子来模仿大型火山爆发的冷却效果，或者使海洋上空的低云更亮)”可知，气候工程包括复制自然冷却效果的行动。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Therearemanyunansweredquestions,however,abouttheeffectsofintentionallyalteringtheclimate.(然而，关于有意改变气候的影响，还有许多悬而未决的问题。许多国家最关心的问题之一是国家安全。)”可知，未确定的影响引起了人们对气候工程的关注。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butitalsocarriesrisks.Putsimply,climateengineeringisatechnologythatcan’tbeignored,butmoreresearchisneededsopolicymakerscanmakeinformeddecisions.(但这也有风险。简而言之，气候工程是一项不容忽视的技术，但需要更多的研究，这样决策者才能做出明智的决定)”可知，作者在最后两段暗示开展气候工程需要后续研究。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Walkthroughanyparkorglanceinacaféwindow,andyou’llseemanypeoplestaringatscreens.Somemightbestudying,whileothersseemhardatwork.____16____Theywilleithercheckupdatesaboutcelebritiesoreditphotos,postthemtogainfollowersandcountviewsandcomments.It’snosecretthatcelebritiesedittheirimagesbeforeposting.Somegotoextremelengths,makingtheireyesbigger,theirnosesmallerandtheirteethwhiter.It’ssoeasyforyoutogetcaughtupinawhirlwind(旋风)ofcomparisonasyoustareataseeminglyperfectfigure.____17____Nomatterhowmanyviewsorlikesyouhave,ifyougettrappedinacompetitivemindset,itcanturnintoabottomlesspitbecausetherewillalwaysbesomeonewhohasreceivedmorepositiveresponses.____18____Evenifitseemstherestoftheworldisn’tshowingtheirtrueselves,youcanbedifferent.Makeyoursocialmediachannelsareflectionofwhoyouareandwhatyoubelievein.Shareyourreal,kindvoicewiththerestoftheworld,justasyoudoathomeandwithfriends.Whilemaintainingyoursocialcontactonlinegivetimeandattentiontopeopledoinginspiringthings,spreadingupliftingmessagesandsharingbeautifulideas.____19____Ifsocialmediamakesyoufullofself-doubt,pauseandstepaway.Youcouldtrydoingsomethingcreative,maybewritinginadiary,drawinginasketchbookorpaintingapicturethatwillgiveyourmindadifferentfocus.____20____Theywillremindyouthereisawonderfuloff-screenworldindifference.A.Trytobeauthentic.B.Fityourselfintosocialmedia.C.Youcouldalsothinkoffuntimesspentwithnetfriends.D.Evenbetter,tryspendingtimewithyourfamilyorfriends.E.However,mostofthemwillbefoundgoingthroughsocialmedia.F.Ifsomeone’spostsmakeyoufeelbadaboutyourself,clickunfolloworhide.G.Oneminuteyoufeelgreataboutyourself,thenextyouquestionyourappearance.【答案】16.E17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何减少社交媒体带来的消极影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Walkthroughanyparkorglanceinacaféwindow,andyou’llseemanypeoplestaringatscreens.Somemightbestudying,whileothersseemhardatwork.(走在任何一个公园里，或者看一眼咖啡馆的窗户，你都会看到很多人盯着屏幕。有些人可能在学习，而另一些人似乎在努力工作)”以及后文“Theywilleithercheckupdatesaboutcelebritiesoreditphotos,postthemtogainfollowersandcountviewsandcomments.(他们可以查看名人的最新动态，或者编辑照片，发布以吸引粉丝，并统计观看量和评论)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出很多人都是在看社交媒体的情况。故E选项“然而，会发现大多数在浏览社交媒体”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“It’snosecretthatcelebritiesedittheirimagesbeforeposting.Somegotoextremelengths,makingtheireyesbigger,theirnosesmallerandtheirteethwhiter.It’ssoeasyforyoutogetcaughtupinawhirlwind(旋风)ofcomparisonasyoustareataseeminglyperfectfigure.(众所周知，名人在发布照片前都会编辑照片。有些人甚至竭尽全力，把眼睛变大，鼻子变小，牙齿变白。当你盯着一个看似完美的身材时，你很容易陷入比较的漩涡中)”以及后文“Nomatterhowmanyviewsorlikesyouhave,ifyougettrappedinacompetitivemindset,itcanturnintoabottomlesspitbecausetherewillalwaysbesomeonewhohasreceivedmorepositiveresponses.(不管你有多少评论或点赞，如果你陷入竞争的心态，它就会变成一个无底洞，因为总会有人得到更积极的回应)”可知，本句主要说明网络照片对人的消极影响，故G选项“前一分钟你自我感觉良好，下一分钟你就开始质疑自己的外表”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据本段内容“Evenifitseemstherestoftheworldisn’tshowingtheirtrueselves,youcanbedifferent.Makeyoursocialmediachannelsareflectionofwhoyouareandwhatyoubelievein.Shareyourreal,kindvoicewiththerestoftheworld,justasyoudoathomeandwithfriends.(即使世界上的其他人似乎都没有展现出他们真实的自我，你也可以与众不同。让你的社交媒体渠道反映出你是谁，你相信什么。与世界分享你真实、善良的声音，就像你在家里和朋友一样)”可知，本段的主旨是做真实的自我，A选项中beauthentic对应后文Shareyourreal。故A选项“试着真实一点”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Whilemaintainingyoursocialcontactonline,givetimeandattentiontopeopledoinginspiringthings,spreadingupliftingmessagesandsharingbeautifulideas.(在保持你的在线社交联系的同时，花时间和精力关注那些做鼓舞人心的事情、传播振奋人心的信息和分享美好想法的人)”可知，上文强调花时间和精力关注美好，本句为本段最后一句，故说明应该抵制那些让你感觉不好，消极的信息。故F选项“如果某人的帖子让你对自己感觉不好，点击取消关注或隐藏”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Ifsocialmediamakesyoufullofself-doubt,pauseandstepaway.Youcouldtrydoingsomethingcreative,maybewritinginadiary,drawinginasketchbookorpaintingapicturethatwillgiveyourmindadifferentfocus.(如果社交媒体让你充满了自我怀疑，那就停下来离开吧。你可以尝试做一些有创意的事情，比如写日记，在速写本上画画，或者画一幅画，这些都会给你的大脑带来不同的焦点)”以及后文“Theywillremindyouthereisawonderfuloff-screenworldindifference.(他们会提醒你，在屏幕之外还有一个不同的精彩世界)”可知，本句主要说明后文They指代的内容，D选项中familyorfriends对应后文They。故D选项“更好的是，试着花时间和家人或朋友在一起”符合语境，故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyhusbandandIhadalovelydinneratalocalrestaurantandthentookastrollthroughthenearshoppingcenter.Wewentintoashopthatsoldhandcrafted____21____,hopingtofindsomelast-minuteChristmasgifts.Asweentered,thedelightfulscentofhandmadesoapsandpotpourri(百花香)____22____us.Everyshelfandwallwas____23____withdifferenthandiwork.Whileexploring,Inoticedawoodenplaque(牌匾)onawall.ImmediatelyIwas____24____bythemessageonit:“Lifeisn’taboutwaitingforthestormtopass.It’saboutlearningtodanceintherain.”Thismessagehelddeep____25____forme.Itmademethinkbacktoahotandmuggysummerday.Darkcloudshad____26____alongthefoothillsoftheRockies,bringingrain.Iwalkedouttogetmymail.Ididn’tknowwhat____27____me,butIsuddenlyfeltforcedtodosomethingalittle____28____formyfifty-plusyears.Islippedoffmyshoesandstockingsandbeganwalking____29____throughthewater.MyneighborsmighthavethoughtI’dlostmy_____30_____,butIdidn’tcare.Inthatmoment,Iwas_____31_____fromtheworriesofbills,thefuture,anddailycares.Iwasexperiencingagift—apureandsimplemomentof_____32_____!Now,theplaquehangsinmylivingroom.I_____33_____itmultipletimesadayandoftenpausetoaskmyselfifI’mdancingintherain.IthinkIam.IknowItryto.I’mdefinitely_____34_____totakingtimetopauseandrecognizeandbegratefulforthe_____35_____aroundme—thejoysthatweretoooftengoingunnoticedinmyrushtofuturehappiness.Onestepatatime,Iamlearningtodanceintherain!21.A.items B.forms C.ingredients D.contents22.A.choked B.followed C.greeted D.stuck23.A.equipped B.loaded C.covered D.marked24.A.surprised B.guarded C.occupied D.struck25.A.belief B.meaning C.affection D.concern26.A.quitted B.rolled C.paced D.dropped27.A.cameover B.wentafter C.arrangedfor D.cateredto28.A.comfortable B.horrible C.crazy D.reasonable29.A.aimlessly B.hard C.barefoot D.slowly30.A.balance B.mind C.nerve D.temper31.A.absent B.remote C.separate D.free32.A.joy B.silence C.glory D.reflection33.A.pass