河北省保定市2024-2025学年高三上学期期中摸底调研考试英语试题含答案

2024年高三摸底考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillJanedothisevening?A.Gotothelab.B.Gotoaconcert.C.Attendalecture.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaflight.B.Attheairport.C.InLondon.3.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toreserveatable.B.Toaskaboutaparty.C.Tocancelanappointment.4.HowdoesBobfeelabouthiscoffeeshop?A.Disappointed.B.Anxious.C.Satisfied.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.WeChatMoments.B.Aweekendplan.C.Anewfriend.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.7.Whichroomwillthemanstayinfor2moredays?A.Room1216.B.Room1218.C.Room1618.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthemanrecommendthehybridcar?A.Itiseconomical.B.Itisbig.C.Itisfast.9.Whatkindofcardoesthewomanchoose?A.AnSUV.B.Avan.C.Ahybridcar.10.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayintotalforaday?A.$14.95.B.$37.25.C.$52.2.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Atourist.B.Astaffmember.C.Asalesperson.12.Whyisphotographynotpermittedaccordingtotheman?A.Toprotecttheexhibits.B.Tosavepeople’stime.C.Toavoiddisturbingothers.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gotothesouvenirshop.B.VisittheexhibitonEgypt.C.Getaguidebookofthemuseum.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhatimpressedJensenmostwhenshefirstcametoChina?A.Cultureshock.B.TheChineselanguage.C.Thelongjourney.15.WhendidJensenmovetoBeijing?A.In2016.B.In2017.C.In2018:16.WhatdoesJensensayaboutherChinesefriends?A.They’rehelpful.B.They’resuccessful.C.They’reopen-minded.17.WheredoesJensengetinspirationsfrom?A.HerexpenencesinManila.B.ThecityofBeijing.CThepeopleshemeets.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Reportingastudy.C.Teachingaclass.19.WhatmakesthesightsinHungarymoreattractiveaccordingtothespeaker?A.Itssmallsize.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itsuniquefolkart.20.Whyaretheremanyillustrationsinthebook?A.Tohelpthereadersunderstandthetextbetter.BToprovideaconvenientformatforvisitorstoHungary.C.TopresentapictureofHungaryfor“armchairtravelers”.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AREADINGCOMPREHENSION,WRITING,ANDPUBLICSPEAKINGENRICHMENTPROGRAMGRADES:2-3,4,5-6,and7-8PROGRAMOFFEREDONLINEANDIN-PERSONATMARKHAM,MISSISSAUGA,ANDNORTHYORKCAMPUSESCOST:$2,000|DATES:September2024toJune2025PowerofWordsAcademyoffersacomprehensiveenrichmentprograminreadingcomprehension,writing,andpublicspeakingforstudentsinGrades2-8.Runningthroughouttheschoolyear,fromSeptembertoJune,classesareheldonceaweekfor1.5hours,makingitconvenientforstudentswithbusyschedules.Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.Theprogramcomprisesofthreeunits:ReadingComprehensionandSummarizingUnit(wherestudentswilllearnhowtoexaminetextsandidentifythemainideasandkeydetails)WritingUnit(wherestudentslearnthestructureofwritingfourtypesofessays,includingexpository,persuasive,comparativeandcontrastandresearchessays)PublicSpeakingandDebateUnit(wherestudentslearnhowtowriteanddeliveraspeech,aswellasdevelopdebateskills)Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).Studentsaregiventwomini-lessonsandworkoutoftheLanguagePowerNowworkbooksduringthissection.Aninitialpaymentof$100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.1.Whichofthefollowingshowstheflexibilityoftheprogram?A.Studentscanattendclassesonlineorinpersonatdifferentlocations.B.Theprogramallowsstudentstochangeclasstimeseachweek.C.Theprogramisavailableinthesummerandduringtheschoolyear.D.Studentscanchoosebetweenal-hourand1.5-hourclassduration.2.Whatsectionofeachclassisspecificallyfocusedonbuildingblocksofwriting?A.Theentireclass. B.20minutes.C.30minutes. D.1hour.3.Howwillstudentspayfortheprogram?A.$100initialpaymentonregistration,then$1,900paidin4payments.B.$100initialpaymentonregistration,thenthefull$1,900paidatonce.C.Thetotal$2,000ispaidonregistration.D.Thetotal$2,000isdividedinto4equalpayments.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个阅读、写作和演讲培训项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据正文第一段中“Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.(该课程提供在线和面对面两种形式，为不同地点的学生提供灵活性。)”可知，学生可以在线上课，也可以在不同地点上课，显示了该计划的灵活性。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).)”可知，每个班级有20分钟专门关注写作的基石。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Aninitialpaymentof100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.(注册时支付100美元的首期费用，其余1900美元的费用在整个学年分四次支付。)”可知，注册时需支付100美元的初始费用，其余1900美元可在学年分四次支付。故选A。BMaslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.In1949,WagnerDodgeledtheSmokeJumpers,afirst-classfirefightingteam,tobattleawildfireinMontana.Theconditionsquicklyworsenedasstrongwindsandintenseheatturnedthefireintoadeadlyforce,makingasafewithdrawaltheonlyoption.Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.Theycontinuedtofleefromthefire,whichwasclosinginatanestimated30milesperhour.Afterwhatmusthaveseemedaneternitybutwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.4.WhydoestheauthormentionMaslow’squoteaboutthehammerandnail?A.Toshowthattoolsareessentialinallproblem-solvingsituations.B.Toexplainhowpeoplebecomeoverlyreliantonfamiliartoolsandmethods.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofgoodtrainingforadangeroussituation.D.TosuggestthattherighttoolscouldhavesavedDodge’screw.5.WhatwasDodge’sunusualdecisionafterassessingthespeedofthefire?A.Hewantedtobetheonlyonetowithdrawsafely.B.Heapproachedtheflameswithlittleequipment.C.Heorderedhiscrewtodropthefire-fightingequipment.D.Heprovidedhiscrewwithunconventionalequipment.6.WhydidDodge’screwfailtofollowhisleadofcausingasecondfire?A.Theydidn’ttrusthimbecausehehadlosttheirrespectearlier.B.TheyweretootiredtocomprehendDodge’sinstructions.C.Thefiredidnotspreadasquicklyastheyhadanticipated.D.Theycouldn’tgrasphisnewapproachasitwasn’tpartoftheirtraining.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternity”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Amomentofintenserelief. B.Asenseofendlessness.C.Averyshortperiodoftime. D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了道奇在野火中没有过于依赖工具，最终及时逃生，而过度依赖工具的队员却不幸遇难。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Maslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.(马斯洛说：“如果你有一把锤子……然后你看到的一切都是钉子。”基本上，当我们获得或获得一种特定的工具或技能时，我们往往会受到其功能和有用性的影响，从而使我们看到在任何地方使用该工具或技能的机会。这就产生了一种倾向，使我们过于依赖我们所知道的东西，即使这些东西不再有用，也会限制创造性的问题解决。)”可知，作者提到马斯洛关于锤子和钉子的引言是为了解释人们是如何过度依赖熟悉的工具和方法的。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.(道奇意识到这支装备精良的队伍无法逃离大火，所以他做出了一个迅速而非常规的决定。)”以及第三段中“Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.(随着火焰逼近，道奇命令他的小队放下重型装备，以便更快地逃生。)”可知，道奇在评估了火势的速度后，他做出的不寻常的决定是命令队员扔掉消防设备。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?(但队员们似乎不能或不愿听从他的指挥。毕竟，他们需要工具来灭火，不是吗？)”和第四段“Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.(然后道奇做了一件意想不到的事，他的队员们都以为他疯了。他拿出火柴，开始在他面前的草地上点火，引起了第二场大火。由于这个技巧是道奇当场想到的，而不是训练中教的，所以队员似乎不明白他在做什么，也没有人跟着他。)”可知，道奇的队员没有跟随的原因是他们无法理解道奇的新方法，因为这不是他们训练中教的内容。故选D。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“butwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.(但实际上只有几分钟，尽管道奇被新燃烧的灰烬弄伤了一些，但他躺在新燃烧的地方幸存了下来，但他的13名手下不幸丧生，他们无法放下自己的工具，也无法相信道奇不顾一切的救命策略。)”可知，这段危险时期看似漫长但实际上只有几分钟的时间，所以此处eternity指的是“漫长的时间”，即“一种无尽的感觉”。A.Amomentofintenserelief一瞬间的巨大解脱；B.Asenseofendlessness无尽的感觉；C.Averyshortperiodoftime很短的时间；D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent对事件的终生记忆。故选B。CSalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮当作响)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.NowDali’smysterious-soundingmethodhasbeendocumentedbyscience.“Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Oudietteandhercolleaguesconductedanexperiment-103volunteerswereaskedtocompleteaseriesofmathproblems.Unbeknowntotheparticipants,therewasaquickshortcuttosolvethem.ThevolunteerswereaskedtocopyDali’smethodbutpinching(捏)aplasticbottlewiththeirfingertipsratherthanakey.SometookaDali-stylemicronap,somenappedlonger,andothersdidn’tnapatall.Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.8.HowdoesSalvadorDali’s“slumberwithakey”methodwork?A.Byencouragingcreativitywhilewe’rehalfasleep.B.Bystrengtheningmemoryinarelaxedstate.C.Byimprovingsleepingqualitywithakeyinhand.D.Bystayingawaketohaveapeacefulafternoonsleep.9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentofOudiette?A.Thevolunteerswereaskedtosolveamathproblem.B.ThevolunteersdidthesameasDalihaddone.C.Thevolunteerstakingashortersleepdidbest.D.Thevolunteerssleepinglongergottheanswersfaster.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thesubjectsoftheexperiment.B.Thepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Thefindingsoftheexperiment.D.Thetheoreticalanalysisoftheexperiment.11.WhatwillOudiettedoinherfollow-upwork?A.Researchintonappingwithdifferenttasks.B.Conductmoreexperimentsonmathproblems.C.Studythemechanismofvariousnapping.D.Teachpeoplehowtocompletecreativetasks.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了萨尔瓦多·达利的“带钥匙小睡”方法及科学验证。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“SalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮当作响)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.(伟大的画家SalvadorDali有一种奇特的提神方法——他称之为“带钥匙小睡”。在他的书中，他描述了它是如何工作的。“你必须坐在扶手椅上。你左手拿着一把很重的钥匙，挂在一个盘子上面。然后，你只需要让自己逐渐进入一个宁静的下午睡眠。当你逐渐入睡时，钥匙会从你的手指滑落，并在盘子上叮当作响，唤醒你。”)”和第二段中““Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.(巴黎大脑研究所的睡眠研究员DelphineOudiette说：“我们发现，在清醒和睡眠之间的这段时间非常能激发创造力，而拿着东西打盹可能有助于进入这个创造性的最佳点。”)”可知，SalvadorDali的“带钥匙小睡”方法的工作原理为在我们半睡半醒的时候促进创造力。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.(随后，研究人员要求所有志愿者解决数学问题，发现小睡一会儿的志愿者解决问题的可能性是完全不午睡的志愿者的近三倍。那些睡眠时间较长的人实际上比那些短暂睡眠和保持清醒的人表现更差。)”可知，睡眠时间较短的志愿者表现最好。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.(研究人员认为，在这个阶段，你拥有两个世界中最好的：睡眠和清醒。因此，你失去了对自己思想的控制，产生了松散的联想——在不同的记忆之间建立遥远的联系——这可能有助于创造力。与此同时，你保持一些意识，这可能会帮助你意识到你什么时候有一个好主意。)”可知，本段主要介绍了实验的理论分析，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.(Oudiette说，她的下一步工作将包括在数学问题之外的其他创造性任务中重复这个实验，以了解更多关于这个机制的知识，并可能试图教会人们达到这个创造性的最佳点。)”可知，Oudiette在她的后续工作中将会研究不同任务的小睡情况，故选A。DFortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.Atomicclocksworkbyexcitingtheelectronsaroundanatom’snucleus(原子核)withincomingradiationofaspecificfrequency,witheachwavecyclecorrespondingtoa“tick.”Nuclearclockswouldfunctionsimilarlybutwouldusethetransitionsofneutronsandprotons(中子和质子)insidethenucleus.Themostpromisingcandidatenucleusisthorium-229,whichuniquely,hasanucleartransitionthatlasers(激光)shouldbeabletoactivate.Theexactfrequencyatwhichthisoccurs,however,haslongbeenunknown.ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.Whentheyfireditatthetarget,oneparticularlightstreammatchedthenucleartransitionfrequency.Althoughthesystemneedsoptimization,Zhangsays,“It’sthefirstdemonstrationthatallthecomponentsofanuclearclockarehere.”Becauseatomicclocksarealreadymorethanaccurateenoughformostpracticaluses,scientistsarenotaimingtoreplacethem.Instead,theyaremoreinterestedintheadvantagesofhavingtwoindependentmethodsformeasuringtime,asbeyondprecisetimekeeping,nuclearclockscouldhavebroaderapplicationsinfundamentalphysics.OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.12.Whatdoweknowaboutatomicclocks?A.Theyarelessaccuratethanquartztimepieces.B.Theyareaccurateenoughfornearlyallpracticalusestoday.C.Thedifferencebetweenatomicandquartzclocksisinsignificant.D.TheyarenotreliableenoughfortechnologieslikeGPSorstocktrading.13.WhatbreakthroughdidChuankunZhangandJunYeachieve?A.Theypredictedtheexactfrequencyofthethorium-229nucleartransition.B.Theydiscoveredanewtypeofnucleartransitioninthorium-229.C.Theybuiltalasertotargetfrequenciesnearthetransitionpoint.D.Theyusedamicrowave-basedlasertomeasurethethorium-229transition.14.ThetextsuggeststhatEinstein’stheoriesofrelativitymightneedrevisionif______.A.atomicclocksstopworkingaccuratelyinstronggravityB.nuclearclocksprovetobemoreaccuratethanatomicclocksC.scientistsdiscoveranewforcebeyondthenuclearandelectromagneticforcesD.nuclearclockstickdifferentlyinstronggravitycomparedtoatomicclocks15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecisionB.TheNewAgeofTimekeeping:FromQuartztoAtomicClocksC.TheNuclearRevolution:AClockThatChangedOurUnderstandingofTimeD.TheTestofTime:ANewClockChallengingtheLawsofPhysics【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.(对于精确计时的人来说，只有原子钟才能做到。最好的石英表每六周会损失一毫秒，而原子钟每十年可能不会损失千分之一毫秒。这些设备足够精确，可以驱动从GPS和互联网到股票市场交易的一切)”可知，原子钟对于几乎所有实际应用来说都已经足够准确了。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.(来自博尔德科罗拉多大学的研究人员张传坤和叶军绕过了这一挑战，他们开发了一种定制的激光器，能够在预期的过渡点周围产生一系列频率)”可知，二人制造了一种能够针对接近转变点的频率的激光。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.(如果在这种条件下，核时钟与原子钟的反应有任何不同，就可能促使人们重新思考这些已经确立的理论)”可知，如果核时钟在强引力场中的反应与原子时钟不同，那么爱因斯坦的相对论可能需要修正。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.(该领域的先驱EkkehardPeik说，这样的时钟可能比今天的原子钟精确1000倍)”可知，本文主要讲述了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。A选项“TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecision(原子时间的终结：一种重新定义精度的新时钟)”符合题意。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.____16____Afterthat,higherincomesdon’tnecessarilyleadtogreaterhappiness.Butotherresearchfindsnosuchcutoffpoint.Moneymaynotbeapathtoabsolutejoy,butitcancertainlyhelp.Hereareafewresearch-supportedsuggestionsonhowtogetthemosthappinessoutofyourspending:●EXPERIENCESMAKEUSHAPPIERTHANTHINGSCornellUniversitypsychologyprofessorGilovichsaysthatbuyinganexperiencewillprobablyresultinmorehappinessthanbuyingnewthings.____17____That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.____18____“Youbuildyourexperiencearoundyou,”saysGilovich,whichmeansyougetyourown,uniquememoriestotreasureandyourownsocialconnectionstodevelop.●TIMEISWORTHTHEMONEYDon’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?____19____A2017studypublishedinPNASfoundthatbuyingtimeforactivitiesyouenjoybringsconsistentemotionalrewards.●SPENDONOTHERSLikespendingonexperiences“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.____20____SocialpsychologistLaraAkninnotesthatgivingcreatesapositivecycle.Shesays,“Givingtoothersmakesushappy.Thehappieryouare,themorelikelyyouaretodoitagain.”A.Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.B.Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.C.Thatdoesn’tmeanmoneycansolveallone’sproblems.D.Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.E.Mostpeoplefallintooneofthetwogroups,theresearchersfound.F.One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.G.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了金钱与幸福感之间的关系，并提供了几条基于研究的建议，帮助人们通过合理消费获得更多的幸福感。【16题详解】根据上文“There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.(关于多少钱才足以让人快乐，科学界几乎没有一致意见)”可知，本空需要引出关于金钱与幸福关系的一个具体观点或研究，因此选项F“One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.(2010年的一项研究表明，年收入75000美元是一个神奇的数字)”介绍2010年的一项研究，能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。【17题详解】根据下文“That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.(在经历了重大的负面变化或失去视觉或嗅觉等感官后，这对生存是很有帮助的。但如果你想提高幸福感，这种适应并不是很有帮助。人类很快就会习惯新的餐桌或更漂亮的汽车。但体验仍然是新奇的，并将我们与其他人联系起来)”可知，本空需要引出人类对新情况的适应这一话题，选项D“Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.(一方面，人类有适应新环境的习惯。)”能引起下文，符合逻辑。故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.(除此之外，我们的倾向比较物质对象大于比较经历。比较房子的大小或衣服的价格是很容易的)”可知，前文介绍了物质的比较，本空应谈论经历与物质对象的不同之处。A选项“Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.(但经历往往更个人化。)”能承接上文，指出了经历与物质对象的不同之处，符合语境。故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Don’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?(不想打扫浴室？讨厌清理汽车？)”可知，本空需要给出对这些问题的建议或解决方案。G选项“Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.(如果你有能力用金钱摆脱你最不喜欢的任务，你应该这样做。)”给出了一个实际的建议，能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Likespendingonexperiences,“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.(与体验消费一样，“亲社会”消费有助于建立社会联系)”可知，本空需要解释什么是“亲社会”消费。B选项“Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.(这包括捐给慈善机构或招待朋友。)”解释了“亲社会”消费的具体内容，能承接上文，符合语境。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SarahhadbeenplanningherdreamvacationtoItalyforyears.Shehadsavedup,carefullyplannedhertrip,and____21____everythingsheneeded.WhenshefinallyarrivedinRome,shewasfilledwith____22____-untilshediscoveredthatherluggage(行李)hadbeenlostintheprocessofbeing____23____.Panicsetinassherealizedthatallherclothes,andcarefullyselectedpersonalcareitemsforthetripwere____24____.Withnochoicebuttowaitfortheairlineto____25____herbags,Sarahhadtomakedowiththefewitemsshehadinhercarry-on.She____26____asimplesetofclothesfromalocalshopanddecidedtogooutand____27____thecity,tryingtomakethebestofthesituation.AsshewanderedthroughthenarrowstreetsofRome,somethingunexpectedhappened.Withoutthe____28____ofherluggageandallthematerialthingsshehadbrought,Sarahfoundherselfmorepresentinthe____29____.Shestruckup______30______withlocals,triedfoodsshemighthave______31______overlooked,anddiscoveredhiddenwondersthatw