【MOOC】人工智能原理-北京大学 中国大学慕课MOOC答案

【MOOC】人工智能原理-北京大学中国大学慕课MOOC答案QuizzesforChapter11、【单选题】TuringTestisdesignedtoprovidewhatkindofsatisfactoryoperationaldefinition?图灵测试旨在给予哪一种令人满意的操作定义本题答案：【machineintelligence机器智能】2、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofartificialintelligence选择以下关于人工智能概念的正确表述本题答案：【Artificialintelligenceistheintelligenceexhibitedbymachinesorsoftware.人工智能是通过机器或软件展现的智能#Artificialintelligenceaimstocreateintelligentmachines.人工智能旨在创造智能机器#Artificialintelligenceistoenablethedevelopmentofcomputersthatareabletodothingsnormallydonebyhuman.人工智能是为了开发一类计算机使之能够完成通常由人类所能做的事#Artificialintelligenceistostudyandconstructagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment.人工智能是研究和构建在给定环境下表现良好的智能体程序】3、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingarethefoundationsofartificialintelligence?如下学科哪些是人工智能的基础？本题答案：【Philosophy哲学#Mathematics数学#Economics经济学#Psychology心理学】4、【多选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetodescribestrongAI(GeneralAI)?下列陈述中哪些是描述强AI(通用AI)的正确答案？本题答案：【Theappropriatelyprogrammedcomputerwiththerightinputsandoutputswouldtherebyhaveamindinexactlythesamesensehumanbeingshaveminds.是经过适当编程的具有正确输入和输出的计算机，因此有与人类同样判断力的头脑#Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoanyproblem.指的是一种机器，具有将智能应用于任何问题的能力】5、【多选题】Selectthefollowingcomputersystemswhichareinstancesofartificialintelligence.选择下列计算机系统中属于人工智能的实例本题答案：【Robot机器人#Intelligentpersonalassistant智能个人助理#WebsearchenginesWeb搜索引擎】6、【多选题】Selectwhichofthefollowingonesareresearchareaofartificialintelligence.选择下列哪些是人工智能的研究领域本题答案：【Expertsystem专家系统#Machinelearning机器学习#Imageunderstanding图像理解#Facerecognition人脸识别】7、【多选题】Examinesomeapplicationsofartificialintelligence(AI)todiscoverwhichthefollowingtaskscancurrentlybesolvedbyAI.考察人工智能(AI)的一些应用，去发现目前下列哪些任务可以通过AI来解决本题答案：【Playingadecentgameoftabletennis(Ping-Pong).打一场像样的乒乓球比赛#Buyingaweek’sworthofgroceriesontheWeb.在Web上购买一周的食品杂货#PlayingthegameofTexasHoldemPokeratacompetitivelevel.以竞技水平玩德州扑克游戏#TranslatingspokenEnglishintospokenChineseinrealtime.将英文口语实时翻译为中文口语】8、【填空题】Rationallymeansthepropertyofasystemwhichdoestherightthinggivenwhatit________.理性指的是一个系统的属性，即在_________的环境下做正确的事。本题答案：【knows已知】QuizzesforChapter21、【多选题】Forthefollowingcomparisons,selectwhichapproachesaremoregeneralandmoreamenabletoscientificdevelopment.对于如下比拟，选择哪些方法更通用并且更适合于科学开发本题答案：【Thinkingrationally理性思考#Actingrationally理性动作】2、【多选题】Arationalagentisonethatdoestherightthing,butwhatdoesitmeantodotherightthing?Consideringtheconsequencesoftheagent’sbehavior,selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptof"rightthing".理性智能体指的是有正确行为的智能体，但正确的行为意味着什么？考虑智能体行为的后果，选择下列有关“正确的行为”概念的真实陈述本题答案：【Thissequenceofactionscausestheenvironmenttogothroughasequenceofstates.这些动作序列引起环境改变而产生状态序列#Anagentinanenvironmentgeneratesasequenceofactionsaccordingtothepercepts.智能体在某个环境中依据感知生成动作序列#Ifthesequenceisdesirable,thentheagenthasperformedwell.如果该序列是所期望的，则该智能体表现良好】3、【多选题】PEASisataskenvironmentdescriptionwhichstandsfor:PEAS是一种任务环境描述，它代表：H、Sensors感受器本题答案：【Performance性能#Environment环境#Actuators动作器#Sensors感受器】4、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutenvironmenttypesforintelligentagents?下列中语句哪些与智能体环境类型有关本题答案：【Fullyobservablevs.partiallyobservable完全可观测与部分可观测#Singleagentvs.multi-agent单智能体与多智能体#Episodicvs.sequential阵发性与连续性#Deterministicvs.stochastic确定性与随机性】5、【多选题】Thinkingthedifferencesbetweengentfunctionsandagentprograms,selectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.考虑智能体函数与智能体程序的差异，从下列陈述中选择正确的答案本题答案：【Anagentprogramimplementsanagentfunction一个智能体程序实现一个智能体函数#Anagentprogramcontainsagentfunction.智能体程序包含智能体函数】6、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruewaysthatcanbeusedtorepresentstatesforanagent.选择下列哪些方法可以用于表示智能体的状态本题答案：【Atomic原子式#Factored因子式#Structured结构式】7、【填空题】Theapproachofartificialintelligence(AI)whichepresentsinformationthroughsymbolsandtheirrelationshipsis_______AI,andwhichrepresentsinformationinadistributedformwithinanetworkisConnectionistAI.凭借符号及他们之间的关系来表征信息的人工智能方法是____________AI，而用网络内部的一种分布式形式来表征信息的是联结主义AI。本题答案：【Symbolist符号主义】8、【填空题】Anintelligentagentisanythingthatcanbeviewedasperceivingitsenvironmentthrough_______,andactinguponthatenvironmentthroughactuators.智能体可看作是通过_________感知外部环境，并且通过执行器作用于外部环境的任何事物。本题答案：【sensors感受器】QuizzesforChapter31、【单选题】Therearetwomainkindsofformulationfor8-queensproblem.Whichofthefollowingitemsissuchaformulationthatstartswithall8queensontheboardandmovesthemaround?有两种8皇后问题的形式化方式。“初始时8个皇后都放在棋盘上，然后再进行移动”是哪一种形式化方式？本题答案：【Complete-stateformulation全态形式化】2、【单选题】Leth(n)denoteheuristicfunctionandg(n)denotecost,theevaluationfunctionf(n)usedbyGreedysearchis:设h(n)表示启发式函数且g(n)表示代价，则贪婪搜索所使用的评价函数是本题答案：【f(n)=h(n)】3、【单选题】Leth(n)denoteheuristicfunctionandg(n)denotecost,theevaluationfunctionf(n)usedbyA*searchis:设h(n)表示启发式函数且g(n)表示代价，则A*搜索所使用的评价函数是:本题答案：【f(n)=g(n)+h(n)】4、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingitemsareusedtoformulateaproblem?下列哪些项用于对问题进行形式化H、Agentfunction智能体函数I、Goaltest目标检测J、Pathcost路径检测本题答案：【Initialstate初始状态#Actions动作#Transitionmodel转换模型#Goaltest目标检测#Pathcost路径检测】5、【多选题】Selectwhichofthefollowingsearchmethodsaretrueuninformedsearch.选择如下哪些搜索方法属于无信息搜索H、Uniform-costsearch一致代价搜索本题答案：【Bidirectionalsearch双向搜索#Breadth-firstsearch宽度优先搜索#Depth-firstsearch深度优先搜索#Depth-limitedsearch深度受限搜索#Uniform-costsearch一致代价搜索】6、【多选题】Thesearchstrategiesthatuseproblem-specificknowledgebeyondthedefinitionoftheproblemitselfareknownas:除了问题本身的定义之外，使用问题特定知识的搜索策略被认为是本题答案：【Informedsearch有信息搜索#Heuristicsearch启发式搜索】7、【填空题】Some______problemsorNP-hardproblemscanbesolvedonlybysearch.某些_______或NP难问题只能通过搜索来求解。本题答案：【NP-completeNP完】8、【填空题】Problemformulationistheprocessofdecidingwhat_______andstatestoconsider,givenagoal.问题形式化是给定一个目标，决定要考虑的_______与状态的处理。本题答案：【actions动作】QuizzesforChapter41、【单选题】Keepingjustonenodeinmemorymightseemtobeanextremereactiontotheproblemofmemorylimitations.Localbeamsearchkeepstrackof:在内存中仅保存一个节点似乎是对内存限制问题的极端反应。局部束搜索保持：本题答案：【kstatesratherthanjustone.k个状态而不仅仅为一】2、【单选题】Ageneticalgorithmisavariantofstochasticbeamsearch,inwhichsuccessorstatesaregenerated:遗传算法是随机束搜索的一个变体，其中后继节点的生成是由：本题答案：【bycombiningtwoparentstatesratherthanbymodifyingasinglestate.组合两个双亲状态而不是修改单一状态。】3、【多选题】Hillclimbingsearchissometimescalledgreedylocalsearchbecauseitgrabsagoodneighborstatewithoutthinkingaheadaboutwheretogonext.Unfortunately,itoftengetsstuckforthethreereasons:爬山搜索有时也被称为贪婪局部搜索，因为它只顾抓住一个好的邻接点的状态，而不提前思考下一步该去哪儿。它在三种情况下经常被困：本题答案：【Localmaxima局部最大值#Plateaux高原#Ridges山岭】4、【多选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutSimulatedannealingalgorithm？以下关于模拟退火算法的陈述哪些是正确的？本题答案：【Theinnerloopofthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisquitesimilartohillclimbing.模拟退火算法的内循环与爬山法非常相似。#Insteadofpickingthebestmove,simulatedannealingalgorithmpicksarandommove.模拟退火算法不是选择最佳行动，而是选择随机行动。】5、【填空题】AntColonyOptimization(ACO)algorithmwasinspiredbythebehaviorofantsseekingapathbetween_______andasourceoffood.蚁群优化算法是受蚂蚁在_______和食物源之间寻找路径行为的启发而形成的。本题答案：【betweentheirnest蚁巢】6、【填空题】Inspiredbysocialbehaviorofbirdsandfishes,ParticleSwarmOptimization(PSO)algorithmusesanumberof________thatconstituteaswarmmovingaroundinthesearchspacelookingforthebestsolution.受鸟类和鱼类的社会行为的启发，粒子群优化算法采用若干_______构成一个围绕搜索空间移动的群体来寻找最优解。本题答案：【particles粒子】7、【填空题】Localsearchalgorithmsoperateusingasingle______(ratherthanmultiplepaths)andgenerallymoveonlytoneighborsofthatnode.局部搜索算法使用一个______（而不是多条路径），并且通常仅移动到该节点相邻的节点。本题答案：【currentnode当前节点】8、【填空题】Inadditiontofindinggoals,localsearchalgorithmsareusefulforsolvingpure_________,inwhichtheaimistofindthebeststateaccordingtoanobjectivefunction.除了寻找目标之外，局部搜索算法对解决纯_________也很有效。其目的是根据一个目标函数找到其最好的状态。本题答案：【optimizationproblems优化问题】QuizzesforChapter51、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutgames?以下关于博弈的陈述哪个是正确的？本题答案：【Adversarialsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.对抗搜索通常称为博弈】2、【单选题】___________describesasituationinwhichtheinteractingagents'aggregategainsandlossescanbelessthanormorethanzero.___________中智能体交互动作的总收益和损失可以小于或大于零本题答案：【Non-zerosumgame非零和博弈】3、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofminimaxruleforazerosumgame.从如下关于零和博弈maximum概念中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumpayoffpossibleforitself.每个玩家会使自己可能的最大收益变得最大。#Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumlosspossiblefortheother.每个玩家会使对手可能的最大损失变得最大。】4、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutalpha-betapruning?以下关于alpha–beta剪枝的陈述哪些是正确的？本题答案：【Alpha–betapruningistodecreasethenumberofnodesthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在减少其搜索树中由minimax算法评价的节点数量。#Alpha–betapruningistoeliminatelargepartsthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在消除其搜索树中由minimax算法评价的大部分。】5、【填空题】ClaudeShannonproposedinsteadthatprogramsshouldcutoffthesearchearlierandapplya____________evaluttionfunctiontostatesinthesearch,effectivelyturningnonterminalnodesintoterminalleaves.克劳德·香农提出：程序应该早一些剪断搜索，并在搜索中对状态应用_____________评价函数，有效地将非终端节点转换为终端叶节点。（请填写中文答案）本题答案：【启发式】6、【填空题】____________isadynamicgamewithprobabilistictransitionsplayedbyoneormoreplayers.____________是一种具有概率转换的动态博弈，有一个或多个玩家。（请填写中文答案）本题答案：【随机博弈】7、【填空题】Monte-Carlomethodsareabroadclassofcomputationalalgorithmsthatrelyon________________toobtainnumericalresults.蒙特卡罗方法是一大类计算算法，它凭借________________来获得数值结果。（请填写中文答案）本题答案：【重复随机采样】8、【填空题】___________treesearchisontheanalysisofthemostpromisingmoves,expandingthesearchtreebasedonrandomsamplingofthesearchspace.___________树搜索对最有利的动作进行分析，根据搜索空间的随机采样来扩展搜索树。（请填写中文答案）本题答案：【蒙特卡罗】QuizzesforChapter61、【单选题】Selectthefollowingtrueonethatisusedtothestaterepresentationforconstraintsatisfactionproblems(CSPs).从如下用于约束满足问题(CSP)的状态表示中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【Factored因子】2、【单选题】Assumethat{A,B,C,D}arevariables,thedomainofeachvariableis{u,v,w},and!=denotesnotequal,selectwhichofthefollowingexpressionsisabinaryconstraintonCSPformalism?设{A,B,C,D}为变量，每个变量的域是{u,v,w}，且“!=”表示不等于，从如下表达式中选择那个是CSP形式化的2元约束？本题答案：【Diff(A,D)】3、【多选题】CompareCSPandstate-spacesearch,andselectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.比较CSP和状态空间搜索，并从下列叙述中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【CSPsolvingsystemcanbefasterthanstate-spacesearchsolvingsystem.CSP求解系统会比状态空间搜索求解系统快。#CSPcanquicklyeliminatelargeswatchesofthesearchspace.CSP可以快速排除大的搜索空间样本。】4、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetypesoftypesoflocalconsistencyforconstraintpropagation?如下陈述中哪些是约束传播局部一致性的正确类型？本题答案：【Arcconsistency弧一致#k-consistencyk一致#Nodeconsistency节点一致#Pathconsistency路径一致】5、【多选题】SelectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofBacktrackingsearch.从如下有关“回溯搜索”概念中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【Itchoosesvaluesforonevariableatatimeandbacktrackswhenavariablehasnolegalvalueslefttoassign.每次为变量选择值并且当变量没有合法赋值时回溯。#Itincrementallybuildscandidatestothesolutions,andabandonseachpartialcandidatec,assoonasitdeterminesthatccannotpossiblybecompletedtoaninvalidsolution.递增地构建解的候选，并且一旦确定部分候选c不能成为合法的解，就将c抛弃。】6、【填空题】Aconstraintsatisfactionproblem(CSP)isdefinedasasetofobjectswhosestatemustsatisfyanumberof_______________.约束满足问题(CSP)被定义为其状态必须满足若干_______________的一组对象。本题答案：【constraintsorlimitations约束和限制】7、【填空题】Inchoosinganewvalueforavariable,min-conflictsheuristicistoselectthevaluethatresultsinthe_________withothervariables.在对一个变量选择一个新值时，最小冲突启发式选择导致与其它变量呈现__________的值。本题答案：【minimumnumberofconflicts最少冲突】8、【填空题】Toreduceaconstraintgraphtoatreestructure,twoapproachescanbeusedthatare___________andtreedecomposition.为了简化约束图为树结构，有两种方法可以采用，即___________和树分解。本题答案：【cutsetconditioning割集调节】QuizzesforChapter71、【单选题】Whichofthefollowinghasbeendefinedwithreferencetoinformation?下列中哪一项是根据信息来定义的？本题答案：【Knowledge知识】2、【单选题】Whatkindofknowledgewillbeusedtodescribehowaproblemissolved?哪种知识可用于描述问题如何求解？本题答案：【Proceduralknowledge过程性知识】3、【单选题】Selectwhichofthefollowingapproachesaretrueusingfirstorderlogic.选择以下哪种方法可以使用一阶逻辑。本题答案：【Declarativeapproaches陈述性方法】4、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofsemanticnetwork.选择如下关于“语义网络”概念的正确陈述。本题答案：【Itcanrepresentthesemanticrelationsbetweenconcepts.可以表示概念之间的语义关系。#Itcanberepresentedasadirectedorundirectedgraph,consistingofnodesusedtorepresentconcepts,andarcstorepresentsemanticrelationsbetweentheconcepts.可以被表示为一种直接或间接的图，由表示概念的节点和表示概念之间语义关系的弧组成。#Itcanbeusedwhenonehasknowledgethatisbestunderstoodasasetofconceptsthatarerelatedtooneanother.语义网络可以用于当所具有的知识可被很好地理解为一组彼此相关的概念时。】5、【多选题】Selectwhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutontology.选择下列关于本体的陈述哪些是正确的。本题答案：【Anontologyisaformalnaminganddefinitionofthetypes,properties,andinterrelationshipsoftheentitiesforaparticulardomainofdiscourse.本体是一种对特定论域中实体的类型、特性和相互关系的形式化命名和定义。#Anontologyprovidesacommonvocabularyofanareaanddefinethemeaningofthetermsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem.本体提供一个领域的公共词汇，并且定义一些术语的含义和它们之间的关系。】6、【多选题】ThesynonymsofBayesiannetworksinclude:贝叶斯网络的同义词包括：本题答案：【Beliefnetwork信念网络#Causalnetwork因果网络#Probabilisticnetwork概率网络】7、【填空题】A______________systemconsistsofaknowledgebaseandaninferenceengine,whereknowledgebaserepresentsfactsabouttheworld,inferenceenginecanreasonaboutthosefacts.______________系统由知识库和搜索引擎组成，其中，知识库表示关于世界的事实，推理引擎则可以对这些事实进行推理。本题答案：【knowledgebase知识库】8、【填空题】__________representationfocusondesigningcomputerrepresentationsthatcaptureknowledgeabouttheworldthatcanbeusedtosolvecomplexproblems.__________表示关注于设计计算机表示来采集关于世界的知识，可用于解决复杂的问题。本题答案：【knowledge知识】QuizzesforChapter81、【单选题】Learnedthedifferencesbetweensingle-agentproblemandmulti-agentproblem,selectacorrectoneformfollowingdescriptions.学习了单智能体问题和多智能体问题之间的区别后，从如下描述中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【Bothofmulti-effectorproblemandmulti-bodyproblemisasingle-agentproblem.多效用器和多躯体这两者都是单智能体问题。】2、【多选题】Selectthefollowingcorrectfeaturesregardingclassicalplanning.选择如下有关经典规划的正确特征。本题答案：【Keepingadeterministicactionatatime.每次保持确定性的动作。#Oneagentwithonlyoneknowninitialstate.一个智能体仅有一个已知的初始状态。】3、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingapproachesareusedforclassicalplanning?下列方法中哪些可用于经典规划？本题答案：【Booleansatisfiability布尔可满足性#constraintsatisfaction约束满足#first-orderlogicaldeduction一阶逻辑推理#planninggraph规划图#planrefinement规划精进#state-spacesearch状态空间搜索】4、【多选题】Plannersusedinrealworldforplanningandschedulingaremorecomplex,sothatselectthefollowingcorrectthingswhichshouldbeextend:现实世界中用于规划和调度的规划者更为复杂，因此选择以下哪些应该扩展。本题答案：【therepresentationlanguage表示语言#thewaytointeractwithenvironment与环境交互的方式】5、【多选题】Thecharacteristicsofmulti-agentare:多智能体的特征是：本题答案：【Autonomy自主性#Decentralization分散化】6、【多选题】Tosimulatetheflockingbehaviorofbirds,therulesshouldconsistof要仿真鸟群的群体行为，其规则应包括：本题答案：【Alignment对齐#Cohesion聚集#Separation分离】7、【填空题】Therearetwoapproachestosearchingforaplan,oneis________________search,andtheotherisbackwardrelevant-statessearch.有两种搜索计划的方式，一个是_____________搜索，而另一个是后向状态空间搜索。本题答案：【forwardstate-space前向状态空间】8、【填空题】MarkovDecisionProcess(MDP)isa_______________process,meansactionoutcomesdependonlyonthecurrentstate.马可夫决策过程（MDP）是一种_______________过程，意味着动作结果仅仅依赖于当前状态。本题答案：【discretetimestochasticcontrol离散时间随机控制】9、【填空题】TherearetwooptimalpoliciesforDynamicProgramming,oneis______________,andtheotherispolicyiteration.动态规划有两种优化策略，一个是___________，而另一种是策略迭代。本题答案：【valueiteration值迭代】QuizzesforChapter91、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisusedtodiscovergeneralfactsfromtrainingexamples?下列中哪个用于从训练样本中发现一般的事实？本题答案：【Inductivelearning归纳学习】2、【单选题】ThereisasetofWebpagesidentifiedasinterestedoruninterestedfortheuserthatcanbeusedtosolveWebpagesfilteringproblembymachinelearning,selectwhichofthefollowingelement/featureistheformaldefinitionforthoseWebpages.有一组供用户标识为感兴趣或不感兴趣的网页，可被机器学习用来解决网页过滤问题，选择下列特征中哪个是通过训练这些网页学来的？本题答案：【Experience(E)经验】3、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisusedforlearnedfeatures?以下哪一个是可用于从图像中识别视觉模式的深度神经网络？H、SIFTSIFTI、SURFSURFJ、SVMSVM本题答案：【CNNCNN】4、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruealgorithms(methods)whichhavebeeninventedinmachinelearning?选择下列哪些是机器学习中发明的算法（方法）？本题答案：【AdaBoost自适应提升#DecisionTree决策树#Perceptron感知机#RandomForests随机森林】5、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruepartiesregardingthethreepartiesofmachinelearning.选择如下哪些派别是有关机器学习的三个派别？本题答案：【Connectionism联结主义#Behaviorism行为主义#Symbolicism符号主义】6、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruephrasesregardingthetasksthathavebeensolvedbymachinelearning.选择下列哪些属于可以通过机器学习解决的任务。本题答案：【Classification分类#Clustering聚类#Regression回归】7、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruephrasesregardingthetypicalparadigmsinmachinelearning.选择下列哪些是典型的机器学习范式。本题答案：【Reinforcementlearning强化学习#Supervisedlearning有监督学习#Unsupervisedlearning无监督学习】8、【填空题】Machinelearningisa______ofartificialintelligence,concernstheconstructionandstudyofsystemsthatcanlearnfromdata.机器学习是人工智能的一个______，从事构建和研究可以从数据中学习的系统。本题答案：【branch分支】QuizzesforChapter101、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“classification”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“分类”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Toassignacategorytoeachitem.为每个项目分配一个类别。】2、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“regression”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“回归”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Topredictarealvalueforeachitem.预测每个项目实际的值。】3、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“ranking”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“排名”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Toorderitemsaccordingtosomecriterion.依据某个准则对项目进行排序。】4、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“clustering”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“聚类”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Togroupdataobjects.对数据对象进行分组。】5、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“densityestimation”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“密度估计”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Tofindthedistributionofinputsinsomespace.发现某个空间中输入的分布。】6、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“dimensionalityreduction”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“降维”任务的准确描述？本题答案：【Tosimplifyinputsbymappingthemintoalowerspace.将其映射到低维空间来简化输入。】7、【填空题】Theoutputofregressionisareal______value,andtheoutputofclassificationisadiscretecategories.回归的输出是一个实际的______值，而分类的输出则是一个离散的类别。本题答案：【continuous连续】8、【填空题】Clusteringistoidentifysimilargroupsforinputobjects_____trainingdata,andclassificationistoassignpre-definedclassesforinputitemswithtrainingdata.聚类是为输入对象标识相似的组，_____训练数据；而分类则是给输入项分派预定义的类，有训练数据。本题答案：【without没有】QuizzesforChapter111、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“Supervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“有监督学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itreceivesasetoflabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.接收一组标注数据并对所有的未知数据做出预测。】2、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“semi-supervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“半监督学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itisaclassofsupervisedlearningthatalsomakeuseofunlabeleddatafortraining.属于有监督学习算法一类，此外还利用未标记数据进行训练。】3、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“unsupervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“无监督学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itreceivesexclusivelyunlabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.仅仅接收未标注数据并对所有的未知数据做出预测。】4、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“weaklysupervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“弱监督学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itaimstolearnsomeinformationusingalimitedamountoftrainingexamples.旨在采用有限数量的训练样本来学习一些信息。】5、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“one-shotlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“一次性学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itaimstolearnsomeinformationfromone,oronlyafew,trainingexamples.旨在从一个、或仅有的几个训练样本中学习一些信息。】6、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“zero-shotlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“零次性学习”范式的准确描述？本题答案：【Itisabletosolveataskdespitenothavingreceivedanytrainingexamplesofthattask.能够求解一个任务，即使没有得到该任务的任何训练样本。】7、【单选题】Whichlearningparadigmdoesitapplystoringknowledgetoadifferentbutrelatedproblem?那种学习范式把储备的强知识用于不同但相关的问题？本题答案：【Transferlearning迁移学习】8、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruealgorithms(methods)inwhicheachonehasbeeninventedasanalgorithm(method)ofreinforcementlearning?选择下列哪些算法（方法）已被发明为专门用于强化学习的算法。本题答案：【AsynchronousAdvantageActor-Critic异步优势动作者?评论者#DeterministicPolicyGradients确定性策略梯度#NeuralEpisodicControl神经情景控制】QuizzesforChapter121、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruewordsinwhicheachonehasbeeninventedasatypicallearningmodelformachinelearning.从如下模型中选择已被用作机器学习的代表性模型。本题答案：【Geometricmodel几何模型#Logicalmodel逻辑模型#Networkedmodel网络化模型#Probabilisticmodel概率模型】2、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruephrasesinwhicheachonehasbeeninventedasaprobabilisticmodelformachinelearning.从如下短语中选择已被用作机器学习的概率模型。本题答案：【Gaussianprocesses高斯过程#HiddenMarkovmodels隐藏马可夫模型#NaiveBayesandBayesNetwork朴素贝叶斯和贝叶斯网络#Probabilisticprogram概率规划】3、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingalgorithmsaretrueonesusedbymanifoldlearning?下列哪些是真正被流形学习所使用的算法？本题答案：【Isomap(Isometricmapping)Isomap（等距映射）#LLE(LocallyLinearEmbeddings)LLE（局部线性嵌入）#LE(LaplacianEigenmaps)LE（拉普拉斯特征映射）】4、【多选题】Selectthefollowingphrasesinwhicheachonehastrulybeeninventedorusedasalogicalmodelformachinelearning.从如下短语中选择真正地被发明为或被用作机器学习逻辑模型的方法。本题答案：【Associationrules关联规则#Decisiontree决策树#First-orderlogic一阶逻辑】5、【多选题】WhichofthefollowingphrasesaretheartificialneuralnetworkstrulyusedinmachineLearning?下列短语哪些是真正用于机器学习的人工神经网络？本题答案：【Convolutionalneuralnetwork卷积神经网络#Deepauto-encoder深度自动编码器#Longshort-termmemory长短期记忆】6、【填空题】Theprobabilisticmodelistouseprobabilitytheorytoexpressall________________.概率模型是采用概率论来表示所有________________。本题答案：【formsofuncertainty不确定性的形式】7、【填空题】Ageometricmodelisconstructeddirectlyininstancespacewhichcanbethoughtasthe________________suchasEuclideanspaceorRiemannianspace.几何模型直接在实例空间构建，该空间可被认为是________________，例如：欧几里德空间或黎曼空间。本题答案：【geometricconcepts几何的概念】8、【填空题】Thelogicalmodelsaredefinedintermsofeasilyinterpretable______________,orcanbeeasilytranslatedintorulesthatareunderstandablebyhumans.逻辑模型被定义为易于解释的______________，或者易于转换成人类能够理解的规则。本题答案：【logicalexpressions逻辑表达式】9、【填空题】Anartificialneuralnetworkisanartificialrepresentationofthe____________thattriestosimulateitslearningprocessing.人工神经网络是一种____________的人工表示，试图仿真其学习过程。本题答案：【humanbrain人脑】FinalExamofPoAI1、【单选题】TuringTestisdesignedtoprovidewhatkindofsatisfactoryoperationaldefinition?图灵测试旨在给予哪一种令人满意的操作定义？本题答案：【machineintelligence机器智能】2、【单选题】Thinkingthedifferencesbetweenagentfunctionsandagentprograms,selectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.考虑智能体函数与智能体程序的差异，从下列陈述中选择正确的答案。本题答案：【Anagentprogramimplementsanagentfunction.一个智能体程序实现一个智能体函数。】3、【单选题】Therearetwomainkindsofformulationfor8-queensproblem.Whichofthefollowingoneistheformulationthatstartswithall8queensontheboardandmovesthemaround?有两种8皇后问题的形式化方式。“初始时8个皇后都放在棋盘上，然后再进行移动”属于哪一种形式化方式？本题答案：【Complete-stateformulation全态形式化】4、【单选题】Whatkindofknowledgewillbeusedtodescribehowaproblemissolved?哪种知识可用于描述如何求解问题？H、Noneoftheaboveiscorrect以上都不正确本题答案：【Proceduralknowledge过程性知识】5、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisusedtodiscovergeneralfactsfromtrainingexamples?下列中哪个用于训练样本中发现一般的事实？本题答案：【Inductivelearning归纳学习】6、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“classification”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“分类”任务的正确描述？本题答案：【Toassignacategorytoeachitem.为每个项目分配一个类别。】7、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“regression”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“回归”任务的正确描述？本题答案：【Topredictarealvalueforeachitem.预测每个项目实际的值。】8、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“dimensionalityreduction”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“降维”任务的正确描述？本题答案：【Tosimplifyinputsbymappingthemintoalowerspace.将其映射到低维空间来简化输入。】9、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“supervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“有监督学习”范式的正确描述？本题答案：【Itreceivesasetoflabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.接收一组标注数据并对所有的未知数据做出预测。】10、【单选题】Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“unsupervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?哪一个是机器学习中“无监督学习”范式的正确描述？本题答案：【Itreceivesexclusivelyunlabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.仅仅接收未标注数据并对所有的未知数据做出预测。】11、【单选题】Whichlearningparadigmdoesitapplystoringknowledgetoadifferentbutrelatedproblem?哪种学习范式把储备的知识用于不同但相关的问题？本题答案：【Transferlearning迁移学习】12、【多选题】Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofartificialintelligence.选择以下关于人工智能概念的正确表述。本题答案：【Artificialintelligenceistheintelligenceexhibitedbymachinesorsoftware.人工智能是通过机器或软件展现的智能。#Artificialintelligenceaimstocreateintelligentmachines.人工智能旨在创造智能机器。#Artificialintelligenceistoenablethedevelopmentofcomputersthatareabletodothingsnormallydonebyhuman.人工智能是为了开发一类计算机使之能够完成通常由人类所能做的事。#Artificialintelligenceistostudyandconstructagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment.人工智能是研究和构建在给定环境下表现良好的智能体程序。】13、【多选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetodescribestrongAI(GeneralAI)?下列陈述中哪些是描述强AI（通用AI）的正确答案？本题答案：【Theappropriatelyprogrammedcomputerwiththerightinputsandoutputswouldtherebyhaveamindinexactlythesamesensehumanbeingshaveminds.是经过适当编程的具有正确输入和输出的计算机，因此有与人类同样判断力的头脑。#Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoanyproblem.指的是一种机器，具有将智能应用于任何问题的能力。】14、【多选题】Forthefollowingcomparisons,selectwhichapproachesaremoregeneralandmoreamenabletoscientificdevelopment.对于如下比拟，选择哪些方法更通用并且更适合于科学开发。本题答案：【Thinkingrationally理性思考#Actingrationally理性动作】15、【多选题】Arationalagentisonethatdoestherightthing,butwhatdoesitmeantodotherightthing?Consideringtheconsequencesoftheagent’sbehavior,selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofrightthing.理性智能体指的是有正确行为的智能体，但正确的行为意味着什么？考虑智能体行为的后果，选择下列有关“正确的行为”概念的真实陈述。本题答案：【Anagentinanenvironmentgeneratesasequenceofactionsaccordingtothepercepts.智能体在某个环境中依据感知生成动作序列。#Thissequenceofactionscausestheenvironmenttogothroughasequenceofstates.这些动作序列引起环境改变而产生状态序列。#Ifthesequenceisdesirable,thentheagenthasperformedwell.如果该序列是所期望的，则该智能体表现良好。】16、【多选题】Sel