2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时作业1Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandThinking含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit1PeopleofAchievement阅读理解ATuYouyouhasbecomethefirstChinesewomantowinaNobelPrize,forherworkinhelpingtocreateananti­malaria(疟疾)medicine.The84­year­old'sroutetothehonourhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.InChina,sheisbeingcalledthe“threenos”winner:nomedicaldegree,nodoctorate,andshe'sneverworkedoverseas.In1967,malaria,athendeadlydisease,spreadbymosquitoeswasdecimatingChinesesoldiersfightingAmericansinthejunglesofnorthernVietnam.Asecretresearchunit“Mission523”wasformedtofindacurefortheillness.Twoyearslater,TuYouyouwasinstructedtobecomethenewheadof“Mission523”．“Mission523”readancientbookscarefullyforalongtimetofindhistoricalmethodsoffightingmalaria.Whenshestartedhersearchforananti­malarialdrug,morethan240,000compounds(化合物)aroundtheworldhadalreadybeentested,withoutanysuccess.Finally,theteamfoundabriefreferencetoonesubstance,sweetwormwood(青蒿),whichhadbeenusedtotreatmalariainChinaaround400AD.Theteamtookoutoneactivecompoundinwormwood,andthentestedit.ButnothingwaseffectiveuntilTuYouyoureturnedtotheoriginalancienttext.Afteranothercarefulreading,shechangedthedrugrecipeonefinaltime,heatingthecompoundwithoutallowingittoreachboilingpoint.Afterthedrugshowedpromisingresultsinmiceandmonkeys,TuYouyouvolunteeredtobethefirsthumanrecipientofthenewdrug.Inanycase,TuYouyouisconsistentlypraisedforherdriveandpassion.Oneformercolleague,LiandaLi,saysMsTuis“unsociableandquitestraightforward”，addingthat“ifshedisagreeswithsomething,shewillsayit.”Anothercolleague,FumingLiao,whohasworkedwithTuYouyouformorethan40years,describesherasa“toughandstubbornwoman”.Stubbornenoughtospenddecadespiecingtogetherancienttexts,sheappliesthemtomodernscientificpractices.Theresulthassavedmillionsoflives.这是一篇记叙文。介绍了中国第一个诺贝尔医学奖获得者屠呦呦，并讲解并描述了她利用青蒿素治疗疟疾的探讨过程以及同事对她的评价。1．AccordingtoPara.1,wecanlearnthat________.A．TuisthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizeB．TuhasamedicaldegreeC．Tu'sroadtosuccessisnottraditionalD．Tudiscoveredacureformalaria答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。由第一段The84­year­old'sroutetothehonourhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.可知，屠呦呦的胜利之路与传统的胜利之路完全不同。故C选项正确。2.Theunderlinedword“decimating”inParagraph2canbereplacedby________.A．encouraging B．killingC．annoying D．benefiting答案：B解析：词义揣测题。由其次段In1967,malaria,athendeadlydisease,spreadbymosquitoeswasdecimatingChinesesoldiersfightingAmericansinthejunglesofnorthernVietnam.可知，疟疾是一种致命的疾病，正在杀死在越南北部丛林中同美国作战的中国士兵。故B选项正确。3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Tufirstinventedtheideaofusingsweetwormwoodasacure.B．TuwasinspiredbymedicaltextbookspublishedinnorthernVietnam.C．Thecompoundneedstobeheatedtotheboilingpointtobeeffective.D．Over240,000compoundswereprovedineffectivebeforeTu'ssearch.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。由第三段Whenshestartedhersearchforananti­malarialdrug,morethan240,000compounds(化合物)aroundtheworldhadalreadybeentested,withoutanysuccess.可知，当她起先找寻抗疟疾药物时，世界各地已经有24万多种化合物已经被测试，但没有胜利。故D选项正确。4．TuYouyoucanbebestdescribedasa________person.A．devotedandstubborn B．straightforwardandmeanC．considerateandtough D．sociableandgenerous答案：A解析：推理推断题。由第三段Afteranothercarefulreading,shechangedthedrugrecipeonefinaltime,heatingthecompoundwithoutallowingittoreachboilingpoint.以及最终一段Stubbornenoughtospenddecadespiecingtogetherancienttexts,sheappliesthemtomodernscientificpractices.可知，屠呦呦是执着的且将自己投身于医学探讨的人。故A选项正确。BBeingblindistoughinanycase.ButthingswereevenharderforSrikanthBollawhowasborninasmallvillageinIndia,wherethecommonbeliefwasthatkidswithdisabilitieswere“ofnouse”andtherefore,betteroffdead.Fortunately,Srikanth'sparentslovedtheirsonandrefusedtogivehimup.Instead,theyencouragedtheblindboytodreambigandreachforthestar.Srikanthdidnotdisappointhisparents.Thenowtwenty­four­year­oldisthefounderCEOofBollantIndustries.Ofcourse,gellingherewasnoteasy.BeingbothblindandpoormeantthatSrikanthhadtofacehardchallenges.Asayoungboy,Srikanthattendedaregularschoolnearhishome.Unfortunately，thestudentsandteachersdidn'tquitelikehimbecauseofhisdisability.Asaresult,theyoungboywaslargelyignoredandoftenspenttheentiredayalone.ConcernedthiswouldholdbackSrikanth'sdevelopment,hisfamilydecidedtosendhimtoaspecialschoolinHyderabad.Sureenough,theyoungboysoonrosetothetopofhisclass,earningawardsinspeechanddebatecompetitions.ButSrikanthwaspreventedfromstudyingscienceswhenhereached10thgrade,becauseitwasthoughttoo“dangerous”forablindstudent.Notonetogiveup,Srikanthtooklegalactionandbecamethefirstblindstudentinthecountryallowedtostudysciences.Later,aftergraduatingfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,SrikanthsetupBollantIndustriesin2012.Forjustfouryears,ithasbecomeapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.Beingdisableddoesn'tmeanbeingunable.“Iftheworldlooksatmeandsays，‘Srikanth,youcandonothing’，IwilllookbackattheworldandsayIcandoanything.”theyoungmansays.本文讲解并描述了一诞生就双目失明的SrikanthBolla，在父母的细心抚育下面对挑战，创建了自己的公司，为家乡的残疾人供应了就业机会。1．WhywasSrikanthsenttoaspecialschool?A．Hisparentsbecamericherthanbefore.B．Hecouldbetreatedequallythere.C．Thisschoolwasfreefordisabledstudents.D．Hewassentawaybytheregularschool.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据第三段句子：Unfortunately,thestudentsandteachersdidn'tquitelikehimbecauseofhisdisability.Asaresult,theyoungboywaslargelyignoredandoftenspenttheentiredayalone.在正规学校里，因为他的残疾那里的老师和学生不怎么喜爱他。结果，这个年轻的男孩基本上被忽视，常常一个人。所以父母确定送他去一所特别的学校。故选B。2．WhatcanweknowaboutSrikanthfromthetext?A．Hewasborninapoorvillage.B．Hecaredaboutdisabledpeople.C．Hisparentswerestrictwithhiminhisstudy.D．Hewaslovedbythevillagerswhenhewasyoung.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据倒数其次段句子：Forjustfouryears,ithasbecomeapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.仅仅四年时间，它已经成为一个拥有450多名员工的大公司，其中70%的员工身体残疾。从雇佣的工人来看可见他很关切残疾人，给他们就业的机会。所以选B。3．WhatwordscanbestdescribeSrikanth?A．Intelligentanddetermined. B．Activeandhonest.C．Patientandcareful. D．Kindbutstubborn.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据倒数第三段的句子：Sur