2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4Historyandtraditions教学知识细解码教案新人教版必修第二册

PAGE1-Unit4Historyandtraditions1．defendvt.爱护；保卫；为……辩护→defencen．防卫；保卫2．evidentadj.明显的；明白的→evidencen．证据；证明3．achievevt.完成；成就；取得→achievementn．成就；成果；达到4．surroundvt.围绕；包围→surroundingadj.四周的→surroundingsn．四周的事物；环境5．locatev．确定……的地点→locationn．地方；地点；位置6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.非法的7．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；迎接1．individualadj.单独的；个别的；独特的；别出心裁的n．个人；别出心裁的人；有特性的人①Thecompetitionisopentobothteamsandindividuals.n.个人②Shehasherownindividualstyleofdoingthings.adj.独特的③Ateachercan'tgiveindividualattentiontoeachpupilifhisclassislarge.adj.单独的2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的n．族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领①Hemarriedoffhisdaughtertothelocalchief.n．首领②Donwasappointedchiefengineeroftheproject.adj.总的③Thechiefreasonforgoingtoschoolistolearn.adj.主要的WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。[例1]Theislandisjoinedtothemainlandbyabridge.岛上有座桥与大陆相连。[例2]Howcanwejointhisislandandthatone?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？[造句]因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。EveryindividualorgroupisjoinedtotheworldbytheInternet.[学问拓展]joinin 参与；加入joinsb.in(doing)sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事jointheclub/army/party 加入俱乐部/参军/入党joinup(withsb.) (与某人)联合，会合[即学即练]单句语法填空①WejoinedpointAtopointBinastraightline.②Weplantojoinupwiththeotherclimbersontheothersideofthemountain.③Everybodyhastojoininthetraining.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK...最终，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……[例1]Johnbrokeawayandranoutside，determinednevertogotoanotherdance.约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，确定再也不参与任何舞会了。[例2]Itwaswrongforhimtobreakawayfromallhisgoodfriends.他和他全部的好挚友决裂是错误的。[造句]犯人摆脱了看管。Theprisonerbrokeawayfromtheguards.[学问拓展]breakdown 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚breakin 非法闯入；插嘴，打断breakinto 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来breakoff 打断；折断；中断(说话)breakout (斗争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发breakthrough 冲突；突破breakup 分解；分裂[即学即练]用break的相关短语填空①Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.②Wehadtobreakintothehouseaswehadlostthekey.③Thehusbandandwifearealwaysquarrelingandtheirrelationsarebreakingup．④TheUnionwasconsistedofseveralcountries，oneofwhichbrokeawayfromitlaterbecauseofconflicts.⑤Thefirebrokeoutduringtheday，andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)belongto属于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。[例1]Whodoesthiswatchbelongto?这块表是谁的？[例2]Chinaisadevelopingcountrybelongingtothethirdworld.中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。[造句]我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。Iusedtobelongtoayouthclub.[学问拓展](1)belongin 适于；相宜(放在某处)(2)belongingsn. 财产；全部物；亲戚[即学即练]单句语法填空/翻译句子①Shepackedherfewbelongings(belong)inabagandleft.②However，theman，towhomthebikebelonged，decidednottokeepit.③这个袋子是我的。Thisbagbelongstome.[名师点津]belongto用法两留意belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belongingto”。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．像拥有同样的货币和军事防卫，他们也运用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。(1)aswellas同(一样也)；和；还[例1]Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandculturesofothercountries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。[例2]Aswellasbeingaphotographer，sheisatalentedmusician.她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。[造句]除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。Aswellasbreakinghisleg，hehurthisarm.[学问拓展]aswellas连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点驾驭以下要点：1)aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词依据其前面的名词或代词确定。2)aswellas位于句首，相当于besides，inadditionto，后接动词时，用动名词形式。3)aswellas也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。[即学即练]单句语法填空/同义句改写①Helen，aswellasherbrothers，hasgone(go)abroadalready.②Aswellaslearning(learn)English，wewanttoexperiencelifeintheUSA.③Studentsshoulddeveloptheirowninterestsaswellasdo(do)theirschoolwork.④Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy(health).⑤Hedidn'tperformaswell(good)assomeofhiscompetitors.⑥Theyvisitedsomefactories，hospitalsaswellastheschool.→Theyvisitednotonlytheschoolbutalsosomefactoriesandhospitals.(2)defencen．防卫；保卫[例1]Indefenceofournation，manysoldierslosttheirlives.为了保卫我们的国家，许多战士献出了生命。[例2]Mostcountrieshavearmiesfortheirdefence.大多数国家都有用于防卫的军队。[造句]他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。HementionedthenameofMartinLutherKingindefenceofhisactions.[学问拓展]1)indefence(of...) 为了保卫(……)2)defendvt. 爱护；保卫；为……辩护defend...from/against... 保卫……以免受……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Wemustseetoitthatthereisnogapinourdefence(defend).②Whattalkingpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument?③Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromknifeattacks.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，四周总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。(1)surroundvt.围绕；包围[例1]Jillwassittingonthefloorsurroundedbyboxes.吉尔坐在地板上，四周摆满了箱子。[例2]Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylife，it'sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithproperemotionalsupport.假如你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你供应适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。[造句]对于有些人来说，华蜜就是被家人和挚友们包围着。Tosomepeople，happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.[学问拓展]1)besurroundedby... 被……包围、环绕2)surroundoneselfwithsb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起3)surroundingadj. 四周的；旁边的4)surroundingsn. 环境[即学即练]单句语法填空/翻译句子①WhenIcametotheairport，Isawthattheplacewassurrounded(surround)bypolice.②Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surrounded(surround)byhisfamily.③Standingonthetop，weadmiredthesurrounding(surround)scenes.④Shewasfacedwithanewjobinunfamiliarsurroundings(surrounding).⑤他喜爱结交幽默的人们。Helikestosurroundhimselfwithhumorouspeople.[小片段填空]Onceuponatime，akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountries，livedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings．从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境美丽的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦非常友好。(2)evidencen．证据；证明[例1]There'ssomeevidencethatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。[例2]Thefirstsignsofspringareinevidence.春天的最初迹象已自不待言。[造句]目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。Atpresentwehavenoevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.[学问拓展]1)Thereissome/noevidencethat... (没)有证据证明……inevidence 惹眼；自不待言2)evidentadj. 明显的；明白的It'sevidentthat... 很明显……3)evidentlyadv. 明显；明显地；清晰地[即学即练]用evidence的适当形式填空/完成句子①Heevidentlyhatedmathsatschool，soit'samazinghebecameanaccountant!②Itmustbeevidenttoallofyouthathehasmadeamistake.③Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreenactuallyincreasestheriskofskincancer.④很明显，年轻人的教化对一个国家的将来是至关重要的。Itisevidentthateducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.[小片段填空]Hisfootprintswereclearlyevidentintheheavydust，whichistheevidencethathehadcomeherebefore.他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他从前来过这里的证据。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)keepone'seyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.假如你留心的话，你会惊异地发觉你能看到它的过去和现在。[例1]Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandsweater.你要留心留意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩。[例2]Justkeepyoureyesopenandyourmouthshut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的状况。Thepoliceaskedtheresidentstokeeptheireyesopenforanythingunusual.[学问拓展]keepaneyeon 照看，照管；留心留意looksb.intheeye(s) 直视别人haveaneyefor 对……有推断力/鉴赏力catchsb.'seye 吸引某人的留意[即学即练]完成句子①We'veaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeon(照看)thehouseforuswhileweareaway.②Aredpencil­markonthefifthpagecaughthiseye(引起了他的留意).③Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolor(对颜色有推断力).SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)everywhere引导地点状语从句(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，四周总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。[句式分析]句中everywhereyougointheUK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于whereveryougointheUK。[例1]Everywheretheylooked，nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。[例2]Everywherehegoes，hewillnotforgettheterribleexperience.无论走到哪儿，他恒久也忘不了那次可怕的经验。[造句]无论去哪儿，我都发觉同样的事情。EverywhereIgo，Ifindthesamething.[学问拓展]引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。[即学即练]完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写①Whereverthefilmstargoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。②Youcangoanywhereyoulike．你可以去任何你想去的地方。③有志者，事竟成。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.④我哪儿也看不到它。Ican'tseeitanywhere.⑤我们所到之处游客人头攒动。Everywherewewentwasfulloftourists.⑥She'llwearfinejewelleryeverywhereshegoes.→She'llwearfinejewellerynomatterwhere/wherevershegoes.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)theway后接定语从句(教材P40－41)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他们引进了英语的起源，并变更了人们建立房屋的方式。[句式分析]eq\x(句中theway后为省略了关系词that或inwhich的定语从句。)[例1]Doittheway(that/inwhich)youweretaught.要依据教你的那样做。[例2]Iwasimpressedbythewayinwhichshedidit.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。[造句]使我惊讶的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.[学问拓展](1)theway后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝inthisway)”时，通常不用关系词，间或用that，在较正式的文体里才用inwhich来引导。(2)theway后不能用how引导定语从句，但也可以不用theway，而干脆用how引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon'tlikethewaythatyoutalktoyourmotherandyoumustchangethatway.②Thewaywhich/thatwasthoughtofbyhimofdoingtheexperimentwassimilartothewaythatyoucarrieditout.③Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜爱他和他父母说话的方式。④Theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我们说明的那种方法很简洁。1．(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.[分析]本句是一个主从复合句，everywhereyougointheUK为地点状语从句，whotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people。[译文]几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，四周总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。2．(教材P41)ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.[分析]本句是一个主从复合句，as引导的是一个缘由状语从句，thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，其中现在分词短语datingallthewaybacktoRomantimes作名词history的后置定语。[译文]首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。3．(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.[分析]本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句。[译文]假如你留心的话，你会惊异地发觉你能看到它的过去和现在。教材高考1.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(2024·浙江卷)Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers，takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou，andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral，youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.2.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2024·江苏卷)Anddon'tforget：wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking，caving，climbingandcycling.3.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(2024·天津卷)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.4.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2024·江苏卷)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.5.Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry？(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Aftershegavebirth，sheandherfamilyjoinedtheothersinWhiteBirdCanyontothesouth.2．Theprisonerbrokeawayfromthepolicemenwhowereholdinghim.3．Heisaclerkbelonging(belong)tothiscompany.4．Thearmy'sdutyistodefendthecountryagainst/fromtheenemyratherthantoinvadeothercountries.5．Withthehousessurrounded(surround)，thethiefcouldn'tescapeandwascaughtbythepolicemen.6．Itisevident(evidence)thatsmokingisharmfultohealth.7．Idon'tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.8．He，aswellashissisters，likes(like)singing.9．Keep(keep)youreyesopenandaskquestions，eveniftheyseemstupid.10．Thevillagewasusedasthelocation(locate)forapopularTVseries.Ⅱ.短语填空join...to...；belongto；breakawayfrom；aswellas；leavebehind；resultin；takeover；datebackto；keepone'seyesopen；besimilarto1．Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld，earthquakesoftenresultinmanypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.2．Shetookoverhisworkafterhisdeparture.3．Theislandisjoinedtothemainlandbyabridge.4．IbelongtoafootballclubandplayfootballeverySaturday.5．TomaswellashisparentswenttoHongKongtospendthesummerholiday.6．Nowadays