2023年人教版中考英语复习语法专题6：形容词和副词

语法专题：形容词和副词【考点点拨】【考点1】形容词的用法形容词是用来说明人或事物特征、性质或状态的词。基本用法如下:用法位置举例注意作_____放到名词前、复合不定代词之后Thisisaninterestingbook.Ihavesomethinginteresting.作_____放到系动词之后Thebookisinteresting.系动词主要有be动词、三变化(turn,get,become)、五感官(feel,sound,look,smell,taste)以及keep、stay,go等。作_____放在宾语后,常与keep,make,find,feel,think等动词连用Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean常用于下面的句型中:keepsth.+adj.makesb.+adj.find/feel/thinkit+adj.+todosth.【注意】(1)-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别形容词用法例句tiringboringexcitinginteresting指事物对人的影响,常用来修饰______Hefeltexcitedafterwatchingtheexcitingfilm.tiredboredexcitedinterested指人对事物的感受,常用来修饰______(2)与形容词相关的一些特殊句型①Itis+形容词+todosth.意为“做某事是……的”;★Itis+形容词(形容词是描写事物特性的词,如easy,difficult,important等)+(forsb.)+todosth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。如:Itisimportant_________ustolearnEnglishwell.对我们来说，学好英语是有重要的。★Itis+形容词(形容词是描述人物性格特征的词,如nice,kind,clever,brave等)+ofsb.+todosth.意为“某人做某事是……的”。如:Itisbrave_______youtosaveyourneighbouroutofthefire.你从火灾中救出你的邻居是很勇敢的。②…find/think/makeit+形容词+todosth.意为“……发现/认为/使做某事是……的”。如:Ifound________happytohelpothersinneed.我发现帮助其他有需要的人很开心。③too+形容词(+forsb.)+todosth.意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能做某事”。如:Sheis_______shytotalkwithstrangers.她太害羞了,不能跟陌生人交谈。④形容词+enough(+forsb.)+todosth.意为“(对某人来说)足够……去做某事”。如:Heisold_________tohelpwithhouseworkathome.他够大了,可以在家帮忙做家务了。※句型转换:Heis_______youngtogotoschool.他太小了,还不能去上学。=Heisnotold___________togotoschool.=Heis_______youngthathecan’tgotoschool.⑤so+形容词(+a/an+名词)+that从句意为“如此……以至于……”such(+a/an+形容词)+名词+that从句意为“如此……以至于……”。如:Hewas_______lazythathewasfiredverysoon.他太懒了,以至于很快就被解雇了。Itwas_______agooddaythatwewentoutforapicnic.那是一个如此晴朗的日子,我们出去野餐了。=Itwas_______goodadaythatwewentoutforapicnic.【考题链接】()1.Whenheheardthegoodnews,hefelt_______.A.happierB.happinessC.happyD.happily()2.—Isthere_______intoday'snewspaper?—No,there's_______.A.anythingspecial;somethingunusualC.specialanything;nothingunusualB.anythingspecial;nothingunusualD.specialanything;unusualnothing()3.Idosportseverydayinordertokeep_______.A.healthyB.healthC.healthilyD.unhealthily()4.It'sverykind_____youtolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.A.ofB.forC.toD.with()5.Hefeels_____becausehefindsthemovieis________.A.bored;boredB.boring;boredC.boring;boringD.bored;boring()6.It’s_______cold________swimminginwinterinBeijing.A.too:toB.so...thatC.such:thatD.enough;to【考点2】副词的用法1.副词的分类类别例词用法例句时间副词now,then,today一般放在句末，同时出现时间副词、地点副词、方式副词时，其顺序为：方式—地点—时间Iamreadingabookcarefullyherenow.地点副词here,there,home方式副词carefully,happily疑问副词when,why,how位于句首，引导特殊疑问句WhydoyoulikeEnglish?频度副词hardly,often,never放在实义动词前，be动词情态动词及助动词之后Sheoftengoesshopping.Heisalwayslateforschool.程度副词very,too,enough放在被修饰形容词、副词前(特例：enough)Iamveryhappy.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.2.常见形容词变成副词的规律变化规律举例①直接由形容词加ly构成quick→____________,careful→____________②以“辅音字母加le”结尾的词,去e加yterrible→____________③以辅音字母加y结尾的词,改y为i,再加lyheavy→____________④以“ue”结尾的词,去e加ytrue→____________⑤形容词与副词同形的fast,early,late,hard,high等注意:daily,lovely,friendly,lonely,ugly,likely等是形容词,不是副词。【考题链接】()1.Hesaid_______,“Iwasalittleafraid,butthere’snootherbridgelikethisoneintheworld.Itwassoworthit.”

A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.excitement()2.Thenewrestaurantis________for500peopletohaveabigparty.A.enoughbigB.enoughsmallC.bigenoughD.smallenough【考点3】形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词在使用中有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成(1)规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节和少数双音节词直接加-er，-estlong______________不发音e结尾时加-r，-stnice______________辅音字母+y结尾时，把y变i.再加-er，-esteasy______________以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个字母再加-er，-estbighot____________________________多音节和部分双音节词在原级前加more，mostcarefulcarefully________________________________________________特别提醒:new，few，slow，clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbad/badlymany,muchlittle,fewfarold特别提醒:(1)记住以下三个词组:furtherstudy(进修)，furthereducation(继续教育)，furtherinformation(进步的信息)。(2)elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如eldersister(姐姐)，elderbrother(哥哥)。(3)less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”时要用fewer。【牛刀小试】写出下列词语的比较级和最高级的形式。1.long_______________2.slow_______________3.nice_______________

4.late_______________

5.big_______________

6.hot_______________

7.fat_______________

8.thin_______________

9.easy_______________

10.happy_______________11.careful_____________

______________12.interesting_____________

______________13.good/well_______________14.bad/ill/badly_______________15.many/much_______________

16.far_______________

2.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的用法（1）原级的用法句型例子(1)肯定句:“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B……”Lilyisastallasme.(2)否定句:A+谓语动词否定式+as/so+原级+as+BLilyisas/sotallasme.特别提醒:1.常用来修饰原级的词有：enoughvery,so,too,quite等（2）比较级的用法用法举例注意“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B……”Herunsmuch_______thanTom.他比汤姆要跑得快得多l.常用来修饰比较级的词有:两多(much，alot),两少(alittle，abit)以及far，even，still等2.比较应在同类事物之间进行正确:Ourschoolislargerthanyours错误:Ourschoolislargerthanyou.“A+谓语动词+the+比较级+ofthetwo+…”,表示“A是两者中较……的”Lilyis____________ofthetwo.莉莉是两个人中较高的那一个“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”Lilyisgetting______and______.莉莉变得越来越高了“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……,就越……”Theharderyouwork,the_______gradesyouwillget.你学习越努力,成绩就越好“A+谓语动词+less+原级+than+B”表示“A不如B……”Lily'sroomis____________thanmine.莉莉的房间没有我的那么漂亮（3）最高级的用法A+谓语动词+the+最高among+比较级+of/in/范围Lilyisthestrongestamongthethreegirls.形容词最高级前的the不能省，副词最高级前一般不加the形容词最高级前面可能有物主代词指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用theWhich/Who+谓语动词+the+最高级，A，BorC?Whoisthetallest,Tom,AmyorJane?A+谓语动词+oneofthe+最高级+名词复数Lilyisoneofthetallestgirlsinherclass.A+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级Lilyisthesecondtallestgirlinherclass.3.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级之间的转化在英语表达中，形容词和副词的原级和比较级也可以表示最高级的含义。如:Nooneelseinourgradeisas_______asPeter.(原级)我们级里没有人和彼得一样高。=Peteristhe_______studentinourgrade.(最高级)彼得是我们年级里最高的学生。=Peteris_______thananyotherstudentinourgrade.(比较级)彼得比我们年级里任何一个学生都高。【特别提醒】在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。A+谓语动词+比较级+than+anyother名词单数+in+范围(A在此“范围”内)A+谓语动词+比较级+than+any+名词单数+in+范围(A不在此“范围”内)如:Chinaislargerthan____________countryinAsia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大Chinaislargerthan______countryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。【考题链接】()1.Withthehelpofhim,hissisterwritesas________ashim.A.careB.carefulC.morecarefullyD.carefully[来()2.youdrive,youwillbe.A.Morecarefully;safer;B.Themorecareful,thesaferC.Themorecarefully,thesafer.D.Themorecareful,thesafer()3.Winteriscoming.Theweatherisgetting______..A.coldandcoldB.colderandcolderC.thecolderandthecolderD.thecoldestandthecoldest()4.AmongthefourseasoffthecoastofChina,EastChinaSeaisthesecond__________.deepB.deeperC.deepestD.thedeepest()5.Fishingisoneof__________activitiesamongthemiddle-agedpeople.A.popularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular()6.Amobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuch________thantheonewith4GA.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.thefastest()7.Tonyis_______ofthetwoboys.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyounger()8.Thelocalguidespoke______shecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A.asclearasB.asclearlyasC.soclearasD.soclearlyas【考点4】常考形容词、副词辨析1.alone,lonely(1)alone形容词或者副词，意为“独自的”，“一个人地，独自地”，多与live连用(2)lonely只作形容词，意为“__________________”，还可表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”【牛刀小试】Ilive______inthehouse,butIneverfeel_________.我独自一人居住在房子里，但是我不感觉孤独。2.hard,hardly(1)hard可作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，坚硬的”，也可作副词，意为“努力地，用功地，猛烈地”(2)hardly只能作副词，意为“几乎不”，具有否定意义。【牛刀小试】IstudyEnglish______butIcan_________getgoodgrades.我努力学习英语，但是我几乎不能取得好成绩。3.too,also,either(1)also通常用在肯定句中，放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。(2)too多用在肯定句句末，前面常有逗号。(3)either用于否定句句末，前面常有逗号。(4)aswell是副词短语，多用于口语，常与too互换，但前面一般无逗号，且只用于句末。【牛刀小试】Heisateacher,_______.他也是一名老师。YesterdayIdidn'twatchTVandIdidn'tseethefilm,_______.昨天我没有看电视，也没有看电影。ShenotonlytaughtusEnglishbutmath_________.她不仅教我们英语还教我们数学。4.asleep,sleepy,sleep(1)asleep形容词,“睡着的”。常用词组:fallasleep(入睡)(2)sleepy形容词,“想睡的,困倦的”。常用词组:besleepy(昏昏欲睡)(3)sleep名词&动词,“睡觉”。常用词组:gotosleep(睡觉)。【牛刀小试】Iwasso______thatIhefell_________easilyintheclass，soIhaveto__________by10today.5.ago,before(1)ago副词，只与一般过去时连用,常见用法为：一段时间+ago(2)before作副词时，常与现在完成时或过去(完成)时连用作介词,后面接名词或动名词作宾语，常见用法为：before+时间段/时间点【牛刀小试】①Shesawthefilmthreedays_________________.②Shesaidshehadseenthefilmthreedays_________________.③Ihavetofinishmyhomework_______8:00.6.so...that...，such...that...，sothat(1)sothat意为“如此...以至于”so是副词，后面一定是接形容词或副词(2)suchthat意为“如此...以至于”,such是形容词，后接“a(n)+形容词+名词”(3)sothat意为“以便，为了”，后面接目的状语从句【牛刀小试】①Thecoatcost______expensivethatIcouldn'taffordit.这件大衣太贵了，我买不起。②Sheis______agoodgirlthatwealllikeher.她是一个很好的女生，所以我们都喜欢她。③Theyworkedhard____________theycouldfinishtheworkontime.他们努力工作，这样才能按时完成工作【考题链接】()1.—Ihaven'tseenTracyforalongtime—Ihaven'tseenher,______.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.aswell()2.Mygrandpapracticesplayingtheguitar________intheuniversityfortheelderlyeveryday.A.hard B.hardly C.great D.greatly()3.Themusicwas______beautiful_______shelostherselfinit.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.enough:to()4.Ifinishedmyhomeworkquickly_______Icouldplaychesswithmygrandfatherforawhile.A.suchthatB.sothatC.inordertoD.aslongas()5.Whenyoufeelhelplessand______,justrememberyouarenot_______intheworld.alone;aloneB.lonely;aloneB.alone;lonelyD.lonely;lonely()6.Ifeltso_______thatIfell_______intheHistoryclassthisafternoon.A.sleeping;asleepB.sleepy;asleepC.sleepy;sleepD.asleep;sleepy【中考真题】一、语法选择()1.Hepassedthetest_______andbecameastudentofthatschool.successB.successfulC.successfully()2.It’sbelievedthatplayingcomputergamestoomuchdoes_______harmthangood.

A.many B.much C.more D.most()3.Youwillhavea_______understandingofkitesthanbefore.

A.good B.better C.best D.thebest()4.Lastmonth,anewbridgewasfirstopenedtothepublic.It’s_______hangingbridgeforwalkersintheworld.

A.longer B.thelonger C.longest D.thelongest()5.Fishingisoneof_______activitiesamongthemiddle-agedpeople.

A.popular B.morepopular C.mostpopular D.themostpopular()6.Thechildrenholdtheirbookscloseastheysaygood-byeandrunhome_______.

A.cheer B.cheerful C.cheerfully D.morecheerful二、完形填空（）1.Thenextday,theirteacheraskedfortheirnotebooks.ButAnnadidn’thavehers,andshelooked.A.

worried B.

normal C.

proud D.

relaxed（）2.Whenitwastimeforlunch,CindyfinallytoldMrs.Stonethetruth."Thankyouforbeing,Cindy.I'msureAnnawillbethankfulthatyouhavegivenmehernotebook,"saidMrs.Stone.

A.

patient B.

honest C.active D.quiet（）3.Whenhereturned,theboywasabletodescribeeverythinghehadseentotheoldman.Butwhenhelookeddownathisbowl,hefoundthatmostwaterwasgone.A.lazily B.sadly C.luckily D.excitedly三、短文填空1.Uptillnow,shehasalreadyraised_______than$17,000!

2.Onourwayup,wesawmanyvolunteers(志愿者)keepingorderinthesun…Thoughtheywerevery_______,theydidn’tstoptohavearest.Weweredeeplymovedwhenwesa