阅读理解必考题专项梳理课件高考英语一轮复习

题型专项之阅读理解（一）阅读6大必考点必考点1.理解文中具体信息必考点2.推断隐含意义必考点3.把握主旨要义必考点4.突破词汇障碍必考点5.理解观点和态度必考点6.判断写作意图考点概览考点详解必考点1.理解文中信息考向1直接理解细节信息考察直接信息理解的题目。在原文中可直接找到答案，不需要考生对信息进行分析概括或者推理判断，考察考生识别事实性信息的能力正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。典例[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·节选]Photographyworkshops（June19&July10）EnhanceyourphotographyskillsjoinYellowstone'sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.典例[2023·新课标1卷·节选]Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."...34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.提分干货题干定位快解直接信息题第一步阅读题干，找到关键词，明确答题方向；第二步运用查读技巧（先读题，带着问题快速阅读）找到相关信息词或信息句；第三步比较选项和原文信息，锁定正确答案。考点详解必考点1.理解文中信息考向2归纳概括细节信息归纳概括细节题对考生的语言知识、语言技能和思维品质提出了更高的要求，要求考生在原文中找到相关信息，这些具体信息可能会被命题人加以修饰或掩盖，需要考生综合理解。常见的考查方式有：综合细节题、数字计算题综合细节题为了增加试题的难度，命题人有时会利用同义词、近义词或者是反义词替换的方式来增加题干或者选项的干扰性，这就要求考生能够仔细观察、分析，利用语言知识辨别出正确答案：命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但考生需要概括和归纳信息后才能得出答案典例[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·节选]Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.同义异构典例「2023·全国乙卷·节选]Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.同义表达归纳概括数字计算题此类试题主要考查对具体细节信息的定位和识别，涉及简单的计算。PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.考点详解必考点2.推断隐含意义考察直接信息理解的题目。在原文中可直接找到答案，不需要考生对信息进行分析概括或者推理判断，考察考生识别事实性信息的能力正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。以what设问，且题干中常包含infer,indicate,imply,suggest,conclude,assume,learn,know等动词或conclusion,assumption，indication,suggestion等名词。常见的设问形式有：·Whatcanweinfer/learnabout...fromthelast/first/...paragraph?·Whatdoestheauthorindicate/wanttosay/wanttoshowby...?题干设置干扰项特征：(1)文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，而不是推断的结论；(2)文章中无关紧要或推出的片面结论(3)与文章内容完全相反的结论或是不合常理、颠倒逻辑的结论。正确项特征：(1)是根据原文推断出的内容，不是原文直接呈现的内容，多为表层含义的延伸；(2)一般不含有表示绝对概念的字眼，而通常含有usually，may，some，probably,belikelyto,about,can,possibly,probably等词语。典例[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，节选]Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powered-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,"off-line"activity.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.典例[2023·新课标甲卷·节选]Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren'ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway."Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,"saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.提分干货三步推断隐含意义Step1依据题干精准定位将题干中about/from/bymentioning等后面的内容作为定位词，精确定位原文信息句/段。Step2依据原文合理推断根据原文信息句/段进行合理适度的推断，忌主观臆断、片面思考、答非所问或过度推断。Step3对比选项锁定答案认真比对，选择与合理、适度推断相一致的表述。考点详解必考点3.把握主旨要义主旨要义即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨要义是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把提篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨要义。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。考向1归纳段落大意段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。归纳段落大意题常见设问形式：·Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?·WhatdoesParagraph...mainlytalkabout?·WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph...?典例[2023·新课标乙卷·节选]Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld.formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.提分干货利用段落组织形式归纳段落大意段落的组织形式一般有以下四种，据此可以快速找出段落主题句，归纳段落大意：1.分总式：细节表述在前，归纳概括在后———主题句常在段尾2.总分式：先提观点，后举例子———主题句常出现在段首3.叙述→提出观点→支撑性细节———主题句常在段中4.没有明显的主题句———需要根据关键词和段落内容概括出段落大意考向2理解全文主旨理解全文主旨类题目主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文主旨。理解全文主旨题常见设问形式：·Whatisthetextmainlyabout?·What'sthemainideaofthetext?·Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?典例The"diet"indietdrinksmaybeafalsepromiseforsomesodalovers.True,theydeliverthetasteofasodaexperience,withoutthecalories.Yet,newresearchshowstheycanalsoleavepeoplewithincreasedappetite.AstudypublishedrecentlyinJAMANetworkOpenaddstotheevidencethatdrinksmadewithsucralose,anartificialsweetener（甜味剂）,mayincreasetheappetiteamongsomepeople...Onetheoryisthatit'snottheartificialsweeteneritselfthathasadirecteffectonthebody.Theideaisthatartificialsweetenersmayconfusethebodybytrickingitintoinprocessingthinkingsugariscoming...,whichmayleadtothebody'slessefficiencysugarthat'sconsumedlater.Swithers'labhasalsodocumentedthatwhenanimalswithahistoryofconsumingartificialsweetenersgetrealsugar,theirbloodsugarlevelsrisehigherthanthoseofanimalsnotfedartificialsweeteners...Ifthisishappeninginsomepeoplewhoconsumedietsoda,itcouldaddtotheriskofType2diabetes（糖尿病），…研究发现：低糖饮料中甜味剂使人胃口大增介绍另一个研究为上一段研究增加佐证甜味剂会使人胃口大增分析饮用低糖饮料可能造成的后果35.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thepotentialofartificially-sweeteneddrinks.B.Thewisdomofchoosinghealthysweetdrinks.C.Theunderlyinglinkbetweendietdrinksandhealth.D.Thedifferencesamongartificially-sweeteneddrinks.提分干货巧借体裁定主旨如Thestudyshows/indicatesthat...;Researchershavefoundthat...等考向3选定最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。选择标题的四大准则如下：精——语言要精练；准——观点表达要准确；统——统领全文；新——新颖，对读者有吸引力。选定最佳标题题常见设问形式：·Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?·Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?·Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?典例[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]（1）Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.（2）Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores."Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,"shesays."Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful.dirtisawful,insectsareawful."Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.（3）UrbanSprouts'classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Para.1AbbyJaramillo发起UrbanSprouts项目及项目的目的Para.2项目发起的背景和孩子们最初的态度Para.3孩子们参与项目的具体活动介绍(4)Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses."Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey'reeatingdifferently,"Jaramillosays.(5)Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues."Theygetoutside,"shesays,"andtheyfeelsuccessful."27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape典例Para.4-5项目带来的影响——孩子们爱上种菜并种植自己的菜园文章介绍了学校园艺项目的发起以及参与该项目的孩子们带来积极的影响——爱上种菜并种植自己的菜园提分干货选最佳标题三大法1.综合段落大意定标题先归纳概括每段的段落大意，然后据此确定全文的主题思想，从而选出契合的文章标题。2.逆向法定标题根据四个选项，可以分别按照命题作文的思路将题目展开，思考提纲和主要内容，然后分别与原文对照，最相似者为最佳选项。3.利用标题特征定答案文章标题应具备概括性、针对性的特点，要避免以偏概全、扩大范围或偷换概念等的选项。考点详解必考点4.突破词汇障碍猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生判断文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子的（隐藏）含义以及代词的指代对象。该题型常见的设问形式有：·Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase/sentence"..."mean/referto?·Whatisclosestinmeaningto"..."inparagraph1?·Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"..."underlinedinparagraph2?·Whichexpressioncanbestreplacetheunderlinedword/phrase"..."?考生可以利用上下文语境、语法关系、逻辑关系、文化背景和生活常识以及构词法来猜测。Tits(山雀),then,doseemtobe"ontrend",whenitcomestonest-buildingmaterials.Whythatshouldhappenremainsobscure.Dr.WildandDr.Aplinsuspectthefashionleadersareolderbirds,andthatevolutionfavoursyoungeronescopyingtheirelderssincethoseeldershaveevidentlysurvivedwhatfortunehastothrowatatit.Williams'soriginalwork,though,suggestssuchinitialchoicesareatrandom—abitlikethoseoftheleadersofhumanfashions.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obscure"inParagraph5mean?A.Hidden.B.Evident.C.Complicated.D.Shallow.典例根据上下文语境猜词分析：画线词所在句中的"that"指代上句提到的山雀(Tits)在筑巢选材上很时尚一事。由下文中的"suspect""suggests"可知，下文主要介绍了两种不同的观点：两位博士怀疑引领潮流的是较为年长的鸟类，幼小的鸟类倾向于模仿它们的长辈。因为这些长辈显然是命运捉弄下的幸存者。然而，Williams最初的研究表明，鸟类一开始的选择是随机的。由此可推断出该现象的原因并不清楚，故A项意思最为接近。hidden隐藏的，隐秘的：evident显而易见的；complicated复杂的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。典例根据语法关系猜词Humanbeingshavealwayshadanabilitytoattendtoseveralthingsatonce.Noriselectronicmultitaskingentirelynew!We'vebeendrivingwhilelisteningtocarradiossincetheybecamepopularinthe1930s.ButthereisnodoubtthatmultitaskinghasreachedakindofwarpspeedintheeraofWeb-enabledcomputers,whenithasbecomeroutinetoconductseveralIM（即时通信)conversations,watchTVandusethecomputerallatonce.Q:Theexpression"warpspeed"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoA.lowspeedB.highspeedC.steadyspeedD.toomuchtimealone分析：画线部分所在句含有一个由when引导的定语从句，修饰前面的"theeraofWeb-enabledcomputers"，点明在网络电脑时代同时进行即时通信会话、看电视和使用电脑已成为日常，即同时进行多项任务已成为生活日常；再结合前文说的从20世纪30年代以来，人们已经开始同时进行多项任务，因此可以推断，在网络电脑时代，人们同时处理多项任务的速度很快，故画线部分意为"高速"。提分干货利用语法关系巧猜词义定语从句、代词指代、下定义、同位语和标点符号是文章中常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助我们猜测词义。1.定语从句：定语从句修饰限定了先行词的内容和范畴，考生可根据画线词后面的定语从句猜词2.代词的语法指代：一般代词指代的都是前文出现过的内容，考生可据此解答代词指代题3.下定义：mean、refertoisthatis、namelybeconsidered等词语往往表示下文会对前面的内容进行注解性说明4.同位语（从句）：同位语（从句）对其前的内容进行解释说明5.标点符号：冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号也有解释说明的作用典例根据逻辑关系猜词Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis（光合作用）,theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That'swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dormant"inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Fresh.B.Resting.C.Healthy.D.Normal.分析：画线词所在句描述的是在较温暖的月份和较寒冷的月份植物的生长规律，句中warmermonths和coldermonths暗示前后为对比关系，对比在这两种月份下植物的不同生长状态。因此画线词与前半句中的"growandthrive"形成对比，故推出dormant的意思应与"茁壮生长"相反，与resting"休眠的”在意义上最为接近。提分干货逻辑关系猜词四法猜测词义可以借助的逻辑关系有以下几种：1.转折关系：常见的表示转折的词语有but,though/although,while,however等,当需要猜测的词语位于这些词语附近时,可以根据转折关系猜测词语的意思2.对比关系：当语境中出现意思相近或意思相反的事物时，可以根据对比关系猜测词语的意思表示同义对比的词语有also,as...as,similarly,and,or,justas,likewise,alike等；表示反义对比的词语有incontrast(to),onthecontrary,unlike,while等3.例证关系：常见的表示举例的词语有forexample/instance，suchas等4.因果关系：英语中表示因果关系的词语有because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin/from,so,asaresultof,forthisreason,accordingly等，当需要猜测的词语位于这些词语附近时，可以根据因果关系猜测词语的意思；此外，有的文章上下文语义存在因果关系，但并无逻辑关系词，需分析上下文语义来猜词典例根据文化背景和生活常识猜词Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardertotrace.AsaDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg—thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhandshaking—wroteinachapterofananthologycalledACulturalHistoryofGesture,"Morethaninanyotherfield,thatofthestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues".Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningto"anthology"inPara.4?A.thescienceofmentalabilityB.acollectionofselectedliterarypassagesC.adailywrittenrecordofexperiencesD.allthelivingthingsofaparticularregion分析：由画线词后的书名ACulturalHistoryofGesture可知，这是一本对手势文化史研究的著作，基于常识判断此书应偏向历史性文学选集，而与心理科学、生活经历、地域物种无关；结合选项可排除A、C、D项。典例根据构词法猜词Withcutting-edgetechnologyincreasinglyposingpotentialriskstohumansurvival,whileseekingtoequiphumansocietywithscienceandtechnology,weshouldbecarefultotheirreversiblerisksthatwouldresultfromtoomuchseientificandtechnologicalauthorization.ItistimethatasuspensionbuttonispressedforgiantAIsystems.That'stheonlywayforhumanitytopreventhigh-techsystemsfrombecominguncontrollableWhatdoestheunderlinedword"irreversible"inParagraph5probablymean?A.resistibleB.irreparableC.changeableD.irregular分析：画线词所在句表示人类在利用科技的同时，也要当心科技所带来的"irreversible”风险。我们可以利用构词法猜词，irreversible由"ir-否定前缀+reversev.使反向，倒转+-ible可…·的“构成，可推测其意思为"不可逆转的"。将其代入原文验证，即科技带来不可逆转的风险，所以是时候为人工智能系统按下暂停按钮。这是人类防止高科技系统失控的唯一途径，符合语境。irreparable由"ir-否定前缀+repairv.修复+-able可·…的"构成，意为"不能修复的”，与画线词意思接近。提分干货词缀含义例词im-/in-/ir-/il-非，无，不，没有immature不成熟的incomplete不完整的irrational不合逻辑的illegal不合法的un-unhappy不开心的dis-dishonest不诚实的-lesscareless不细心的，粗心大意的anti-反,抗antibody抗体counter-反,与对立counter-argument反驳，抗辩counteract抵抗，抵消mis-错误地misbehave行为不端1.派生型（1）否定词缀（2）动词词缀词缀含义例词en-/-en使，使成为enlarge(使)扩大worsen(使)恶化-ize成为，使，使像memorize记住-fy使得，变成justify证明正当simplify简化-able/-ible：audible听得见的，affordable买得起的，predictable可预料的-ive/-ative/-itive:informative提供有用信息的，attentive专心的（3）形容词词缀（4）其他高频词词缀词缀含义词例pre-在前preface前言fore-先于，在的前部forehead前额post-后，以后postgraduate研究生re-重，又，再reusable可重复使用的over-太，过于overestimate过高估计extra-在之外；超出extraordinary非凡的co-共同co-anthor合著的multi-多个，许多multinational多国的2.合成型(1)合成名词：flashback闪回，landslide山体滑坡，blueprint蓝图，milestone里程碑(2)合成动词：uphold支持，upgrade升级，overturn打翻，推翻(3)合成形容词：carefree无忧无虑的，time-consuming耗时的，mind-blowing令人印象深刻的，near-sighted近视的，quick-witted机智的，mouth-watering令人垂涎的(4)合成副词：overseas在海外，downhill向山下考点详解必考点5.理解观点和态度考生做此类题时首先要理解文章或段落的内容和中心思想，然后，抓住体现人物观点、态度的关键词、句或事例，有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句，需要考生结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。此类试题题干中常见的关键词有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feelabout,thinkof等。常见的设问形式有：·Whatistheauthor's/sb.'sattitudetowards...?·Whatdotheresearchers/authorthinkof...?·Howdoestheauthor/sb.find/feelabout...?典例Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.分析:本题考查作者对文中所提到的Navajas的研究的看法。根据"AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous"可知，作者认为虽然Navaias领导的研究有局限性，也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。由此推断作者对于Navajas的研究持赞许的态度。典例WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?A.Itissimpleandplain.B.Itisrichinnutrition.C.Itlacksauthentictastes.D.Itdeservesahighreputation.分析:本题考查人们对英国食物的普遍看法。根据第一段中的"WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables"可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只想到炸鱼薯条或有肉和两种蔬菜的周日晚餐;再结合"ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?"和"EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than.impressivecuisine"可知，人们通常会觉得英国食物是简单的、不吸引人的提分干货描述人物观点、态度的形容词小结作者或文中人物的观点、态度大多分为肯定、否定、客观等类别，积累相关的词语有助于解答此类题目。1.肯定类：approving/favorable/supportive赞成的，positive积极的，optimistic乐观的，appreciative欣赏的2.否定类：skeptical/doubtful怀疑的，critical批评的，negative消极的，impractical不观点态度切实际的，intolerant无法忍受的，controversial有争议的，discouraging使人沮丧