全国统考2024高考英语一轮复习第2编语法突破专题九形容词和副词学案含解析

PAGE专题九形容词和副词1.(2024·浙江高考，65)Schooluniformsare________(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.答案：traditional此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语schooluniforms的特点。2．(2024·浙江高考，60)Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan________(easy)seethem.答案：easily此处修饰动词see，用easy的副词形式easily。3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，68)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare________(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案：higher依据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，61)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining________hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.答案：so分析句子结构可知，此处是so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，68)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.答案：hugely所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。behugelypopularwith“特别受……欢迎”。6．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，63)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.答案：loudest由后面提到的“ofall”可知，指代三者以上“最大的声音”，用最高级。7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，66)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.答案：worse设空处句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。evenworse“更糟糕的是，更糟的是”，习惯搭配。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.________________________________________________________________答案：interesting→interestedbecomeinterestedin“变得对……感爱好”。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.________________________________________________________________答案：coolly→cool连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.________________________________________________________________答案：ordinarily→ordinary此处用形容词ordinary修饰名词cafe。一形容词1．形容词的作用形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttocalmdown.[留意]①有些形容词通常作表语，不能像一般形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词，如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure。②有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer。2．形容词在句中的位置(1)单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，排列依次一般应考虑以下两种状况：①和被修饰的名词关系比较亲密的形容词位置更靠近名词。JaneEyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音节少的形容词在前，音节多的形容词在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多个形容词排序常见形容词依次归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形态年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting...)＋大小、长短、凹凸形容词＋形态、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋中心名词。可以简洁地记为：“县官行令宴国才(限冠形龄颜国材)。”TheoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)单个形容词作定语时，在下列状况之下，形容词应放在被修饰的词之后。①形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything等时应后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.②表语形容词作定语时需后置，如alive,present,possible,afraid,alone,awake。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Heistheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.3．倍数表达法的句式倍数表达法主要有以下5种：(1)...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...(2)...倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...(3)...倍数＋thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍数＋thatof...(5)...倍数＋what...[留意]表示倍数的词始终在前面。①我们的新居子是旧房子的三倍大。Ournewhouseisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2024年的汽车产量比2024年的产量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimesthatof2024.＝Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimeswhatitwasin2024.二副词1．副词的作用副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、介词宾语等成分。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.[留意]有些副词可修饰名词，用以加强语气。常用的这类副词有quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon'tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.2．副词的分类时间副词now,today,recently,late,soon,yet频率副词often,always,usually,seldom,frequently地点副词away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there方式副词clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly程度副词almost,alittle,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply疑问连接副词when,where,why,how否定副词not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never3．副词在句中的位置时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。假如这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.[留意]①enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容词时，可置于名词之前或之后。Wehaven'tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三形容词与副词的比较级和最高级1．比较级和最高级的基本构成(1)规则改变(2)不规则改变原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2．比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级的用法①“比较级＋than”，表示一方超过另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“less＋原级＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，表示“越……，越……”。Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.[留意]比较级可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修饰。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)与比较等级相关的常用表达①moreBthanA＝lessAthanB“与其说A不如说B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.＝Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不仅仅……”；nomorethan＝only“仅仅，只不过”；notmorethan“至多，不超过”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no＋比较级＋than...“都不”，是对两者的共同否定，且侧重前者；而not＋比较级＋than...“不及”，表前者不如后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Idon'trunfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(3)最高级的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语所修饰。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Inaddition,singingingroupshelpedpeoplefeel________(little)stressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,socialskillsandfeelingofwell－being.答案：less依据后面的“enhancedtheirmood...feelingofwell－being”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词little的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。2．How________(consider)andwonderfulofyoutoremembermybirthday!答案：considerate句意：您真的很爱护，还记得我的生日！how后面接形容词，构成感叹句。3．(2024·广东省五校联考)Inthe2024PISArankings,whichmeasuresglobaleducationalstandards,Thaistudentsperformedbelowtheglobalaverageandmuch________(bad)thanthosefrompoorerVietnaminsubjectslikemathsandscience.答案：worse依据后文中than的提示可知，设空处应为比较级，bad的比较级为worse。4．(2024·内蒙古赤峰二中高三其次次月考)AsArtificialIntelligencebecomes________(increasing)complicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.答案：increasingly修饰动词短语becomescomplicated，应当运用副词作状语。5．IamwritingtoexpressmywarmcongratulationsonyourwinningthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest________(recent)heldinourcity.答案：recently句意：我写信表达热情的庆贺。庆贺你在我市最近举办的英语演讲竞赛中获得一等奖。修饰过去分词held用副词形式。6．I'mveryhappytoknowthatyouhave________(success)gotthegoldmedalintheInternationalScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestthisyear.答案：successfully句意：我很兴奋获悉你在今年的国际科技创新大赛中胜利获得金牌。修饰动词havegot用副词形式。7．Afteralltheworkhadbeendone,weheadedhome,________(tire)buthappy.答案：tired句意：全部工作完成之后，我们回家了，虽然疲惫但是快乐。说明句子主语we的特征，所以用形容词作状语。8．Idon'tthinkwhathesaidis________(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.答案：relevantrelevant“有关的，贴切的”。berelevantto“与……相关的”，固定搭配。9．(2024·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isoneoftheworld's________(large)artmuseums.答案：largest句意：大都市艺术博物馆是世界上最大的博物馆之一。依据“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”的结构可知，此处运用largest。10．________(hope),we'llmeetagainonThursday.答案：Hopefully句意：希望咱们星期四再见面。修饰整个句子，用副词作状语。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.________________________________________________________________答案：clear→clearly修饰动词