翻译二级笔译实务真题五

翻译二级笔译实务真题五SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationPartACompulsoryTranslation1.

MangoesinAfric（江南博哥）a,aselsewhere,oftenfallpreytofruitflies,whichdestroyabout40%ofthecontinent'scrop.Infact,fruitfliesaresocommoninAfricanmangoesthatAmericahasbannedtheirimportaltogethertoprotectitsownorchards.Africanfarmers,meanwhile,havefewpracticalmeanstodefendtheirfruit.Chemicalpesticidesareexpensive.Andevenforthosewhocanaffordthemtheyarenotthateffectivesince,bythetimeafarmerspotsaninfestation,itistoolatetospray.

Agriculturalscientistshavealsolookedatcontrollingfruitflieswithparasiticwasps.Butthemostcommononeskilloffonlyaboutoneflyin20,leavingplentyofsurvivorstogoontherampage.Lethaltrapsbaitedwithfly-attractingpheromonesareanotheroption.Butthey,too,areexpensive.Instead,mostfarmerssimplyharvesttheirfruitearly,whenitisnotyetfullyripe.Thismakesitlessvulnerabletotheflies,butalsolessvaluable.

Farmerswhosetreesareteemingwithworkerants,however,donotneedtobotherwithanyofthis.InasurveyofseveralorchardsinBenin,DrvanMeleandhiscolleaguesfoundanaverageoflessthanonefruit-flypupaineachbatchof30mangoesfromtreeswhereworkerantswereabundant,butanaverageof77pupaeinbatchesfromtreeswithoutworkerants.Theworkerants,itturnsout,areverythoroughabouthuntingdownandeatingfruitflies,aswellasahostofotherpests.

WorkerantshavebeenusedforpestcontrolinChinaandotherAsiancountriesforcenturies.ThepracticehasalsobeenadoptedinAustralia.ButDrvanMelearguesthatitisparticularlysuitedtoAfricasinceworkerantsareendemictothemango-growingregionsofthecontinent,andlittletrainingorcapitalisneededtoputthemtowork.Allyouneeddoislocateasuitablenestandrunstringfromittothetreesyouwishtoprotect.Theantswillthenquicklyfindtheirwaytothetarget.TeachingagroupoffarmersinBurkinaFasotouseworkerantsinthiswaytookjustaday,accordingtoDrvanMele.Thosefarmersnolongerusepesticidestocontrolfruitflies,andsoareabletomarkettheirmangoesasorganictoeagerEuropeanconsumers,vastlyincreasingtheirincome.Theants,sotospeak,areonthemarch.正确答案：如同其他地区一样，非洲芒果产区也饱受果蝇困扰，果蝇泛滥使芒果减产达40%左右。事实上，非洲芒果中果蝇屡见不鲜，美国已下令对非洲芒果实施进口禁令，保护本国果园免受果蝇之害。但与此同时，非洲果农面对果蝇侵袭几乎无计可施。化学杀虫剂十分昂贵，即便买得起，杀虫剂灭蝇效果也不理想，因为当果农发现有果蝇后再喷洒往往为时已晚。

农业科学家也曾经尝试利用寄生蜂来防治果蝇虫害。但是，最常见的寄生蜂仅能杀死1/20的果蝇，躲过一劫的果蝇则继续为非作歹。还有一种方法是利用果蝇诱捕器，通过性诱剂引诱果蝇达到灭蝇目的。但是，这种诱捕器也是成本不菲。所以，大部分果农干脆趁芒果未全熟时提早采摘，这样果蝇危害性是小了，但是芒果也卖不出好价钱。

但是，如果芒果树上有大量工蚁安家的话，果农就彻底省心了。由范·梅尔博士和同事在贝宁的几家果园开展的一项调查显示，每30个芒果中，工蚁较多的芒果树所产芒果果蝇蛹还不到1个，而没有工蚁的芒果树所产芒果果蝇蛹达到77个。调查发现，工蚁觅食果蝇及其他害虫，灭蝇效果很好。

利用工蚁防治病虫害的做法在中国及其他亚洲国家已有数百年历史，澳大利亚也已予以采用。但是，范·梅尔博士称，非洲芒果产区工蚁特别常见，所以这种灭蝇方法对非洲特别适用，而且操作起来不需要多少培训或资金。果农只需要找到一个合适的蚁巢，用一根绳子将其引向果树，这样工蚁很快就可以找到果蝇。范·梅尔博士说，在布基纳法索培训果农只需一天时间，这些果农今后不再需要杀虫剂灭蝇，同时，还可以向热衷有机食品的欧洲消费者推销他们的有机芒果，从而大大提高收入。打个比方说，工蚁现在正向果蝇“全面开战”。

PartBChoiceofTwoTranslations缺SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation缺SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslation1.

Offshoresupplyvesselsresemblinglarge,floatingflat-backedtrucksfillVictoriaDock,unabletofindchartersinasignofthedownturninBritain'soilindustry.

WithUKNorthSeaoilandgasproduction44percentbelowitspeak,self-styledoilcapitalofEuropeAberdeenfearstheslowdownisnotsimplycyclical.

TheoilindustrythatatonestagesparkedtalkofScotlandas"theKuwaitoftheWest"hasalreadyoutlivedmostpredictions.

Tourism,lifesciences,andtheexportofoilservicesaroundtheworldareamongAberdeen'stargetedsubstitutesforNorthseaoilandgas—butformanythebiggestprizewouldbetouseitsoffshoreoilexpertisetobuildarenewableenergyindustryasbigasoil.

Thecityaimstouseitsexperiencetobecomealeaderinoffshorewind,tidalpowerandcarbondioxidecaptureandstorage.

AlexSalmond,headofthedevolvedScottishgovernment,toldaconferenceinAberdeenlastmonththemarketforwindpowercouldbeworth130billionpounds,whileScotlandcouldbethe"SaudiArabiaoftidalpower."

"We'reseeingtheemergenceofanoffshoreenergymarketthatiscomparableinscaletothemarketwe'veseeninoffshoreoilandgasinthelast40years,"hesaid.

Anotherareaoffocus,tourism,haspreviouslybeenhinderedbythepresenceofoil.EagertoputAberdeenontheinternationaltouristmap,localbusinesshasstronglybackedaplanbyU.S.realestatetycoonDonaldTrumpforaluxuryhousingandgolfproject12km(8miles)northofthecity,eventhoughitmeansbuildingonanaturereserve.

ThecityalsohopestoreorientateitsvibrantoilservicesindustrytowardemergingoffshoreoilcenterssuchasBrazil."JustbecausetheproductionintheNorthSeastartstodeclinedoesn'tmeanthatAberdeenasaglobalcenteralsodeclines,"saidRobertCollier,ChamberofCommerceChiefExecutive."Thatexpertisecanstillstayhereandbeexportedaroundtheworld."正确答案：维多利亚港到处停泊着近海补给船，这些酷似巨型卡车的平底庞然大物漂浮在水上等待出租，却无人问津，从侧面反映了英国石油产业已然陷入衰退。

阿伯丁市自称“欧洲石油之都”。现如今北海油气产量相比峰值下降了44%，不由令人担心此番下滑绝非周期性衰退那么简单。

阿伯丁的石油工业发展曾经如日中天，人们也每每将苏格兰比作是“西方科威特”。不过，有人曾经指出该地区石油工业的蓬勃发展态势不会持续太久，阿伯丁的石油工业能撑到今天已经超出了多数人的预料。

随着北海油气产量的持续下滑，阿伯丁也不得不寻找替代产业，旅游业、生命科技、与石油工业相关的服务外包等都在考虑之列。但是，许多人认为最理想的产业转型是，充分利用当地近海石油开采的丰富经验和优势，逐步建立起规模堪比石油工业的可再生能源产业。

阿伯丁市政府希望充分利用上述经验和优势，逐步树立在近海风能和潮汐能发电、碳捕获与碳封存领域的世界领先地位。

苏格兰首席部长亚历克斯·萨蒙德上月在阿伯丁举行的一次会议上演讲时称，风能市场规模可达1300亿英镑，而苏格兰潮汐能发电潜力巨大，堪称“潮汐能领域的沙特阿拉伯”。

他说：“过去四十年来，我们的近海油气市场规模着实令人惊叹，现如今，一个规模相当的近海能源市场正逐步形成。”

过去，旅游业受到当地石油工业的影响，毫无起色，现在逐渐受到当局的重视。美国房地产大亨唐纳德·特朗普计划在阿伯丁市以北12公里处开发一个带有高尔夫球场的高档住宅项目，不过该项目会占用当地的一片自然保护区。尽管如此，一心想把阿伯丁打造成为世界级旅游胜地的当地工商界仍然鼎力支持该开发项目。

阿伯丁市政府同时希望对蓬勃发展的油田服务业进行重新定位，把外包目标转向巴西等新兴近海石油开采中心。当地商会会长罗伯特·科利尔说：“北海油气产量下滑并不等于说阿伯丁全球石油中心的地位也在下降。我们的经验和优势仍在，可以大力发展近海油田服务外包。”

2.

Wemarkthepassingof800years,andthatisindeedaremarkablespanforanyinstitution.Buthistoryisneveraneven-flowingstream,andthemostremarkablethingaboutmodernCambridgehasbeenitsenormousgrowthoverthepasthalfcentury.SinceIcameupasanundergraduatein1961thestudentpopulationhasmorethandoubled.Morestudentshavemeantmoreteachers,and,evenmoresignificantly,morescholarsdevotedsolelytoresearch:everycategoryhasmorethandoubledinnumbers.Thishugeincreasehasbeenpartlyabsorbedbyanexpansionofthecolleges:theyallhavemorestudentsandmoreFellowsthantheydid50yearsago;and,since1954,nofewerthan11ofthe31collegesareeitherbrandnewfoundations,orhavebeenconjuredupasnewcreationsfromexistingbutquitedifferentbodies.

Frombeingauniversityprimarilydrivenbyundergraduateeducation,Cambridge'sreputationisnowoverwhelminglytiedtoitsresearchachievements,whichcanbesimplyrepresentedbythefactthatmorethanthree-quartersofitscurrentannualincomeisdevotedtoresearch.Thishasbroughtnotjustnewlaboratoriesbutnewbuildingstohousewholefacultiesanddepartments:inthemid-20thcenturyfewfacultieshadaphysicalmanifestationbeyond,perhaps,alibraryandacoupleofadministrativeoffices.

CambridgeattractsthebeststudentsandacademicsbecausetheyfindtheUniversityandthecollegesstimulatingandenjoyableplacesinwhichtoliveandwork.Thestudentsarethrowninwithsimilarlyableminds,learningasmuchfromeachotherasfromtheirteachers;thegoodsenioracademicsknowbetterthantobetoohierarchicalortocutthemselvesofffromintellectualcriticismanddebate.

Onegenerationdismissesanother:notevenErasmusorNewton,DarwinorKeynesstandunscathedbythepassageoftime;norcanwebebuthumbled,especiallyinourdaywhensomuchinformationissoeasilyaccessible,bythevaststoreofknowledgewhichwecanapproachbutneverreallycontrol.Ourlibraryandmuseumcollectionsbringusintocontactwithmanyliveslivedinthepast.Theyserveassymbolsofthecontinuityoflearning,orthediversityofviews,ofanobligationtowrestlewithfactandargument,to