情态动词-文档

ModalVerb（情态动词）情态动词的语法特征

不能单独做谓语,后接动词原形。oughtto,haveto除外。没有人称,数的变化,can,will等有一般时和过去时。情态动词有意义表示能力,指有能力做某事,译为“能够”。----Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.----Inthepast,peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow.(could表示过去的能力)与beableto的区别:①时态can只有现在时和过去时,而beableto有更多形式。与beableto的区别:②成功地完成某一具体动作,用was/wereableto=managedtodo/succeededindoing表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。----Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.can/could的用法

2.表示请求或允许,译为“可否”。----Can/Couldyouturndowntheradio?(Could较客气)----Youcanleaveittome.----Heaskedmeifhecouldusemymobilephone.回答:Yes,youcan.(肯定)No,youcan’t.(否定)3.Cannot…too…译为“无论怎样…也不为过;越…越好”。----Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledrivingacaronsuchadarknight.can/could的用法

表示许可。=beallowedtodo----Youmaygonow.----May/MightIdancewithyou?回答:Yes,youmay/can.No,youmustn’t.2.表示推测,只用于肯定句。----Shemay/mightcomeheretomorrow.(may比might可能性大一些)----Theymaybestillwaitingforus.3.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。----Mayyousucceed!4.may/mightaswell用于提出建议,译为“最好”。----Youmay/mightaswellstayathometonight.may/might的用法

1.表示义务,译为“必须”、“一定要”。----Youmusthandinyourhomework.----MustIbooktheticketsinadvance?回答:Yes,youmust.(肯定)No,youneedn’t./don’thaveto.(否定)与haveto的区别:①时态must没有时态变化,而haveto有各种时态。②must强调说话人的主观看法,haveto强调外在的客观需要,译为“不得不”。----Wemustobeythetrafficrules.----Sinceitisraining,shehastostayindoors.

③否定意义不同mustn’t表示禁止,译为“不准”、“不允许”。don’thaveto译为“不必”。----Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.----Youdon’thavetocallbacktonight.must的用法

2.表示推测,只用于肯定句,译为“肯定”。否定为can’t,译为“不可能”。现在:mustdo/mustbedoing过去:musthavedone----Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetirednow.----Theyareplayingbasketball.Theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.----Thedoorislocked.Shecan’tbeathome.(当前推测)----Isawhimjustnowsohecan’t/couldn’thavegoneabroad.(过去的推测)must的用法

表示“应该”。=oughtto----Youshould/oughttoworkhard.2.should表惊讶,惋惜,译为“竟然”。----Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.----Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavefinishedthejobaheadoftime.should的用法

考点聚焦1.musthavedone“肯定做过…”Hedidn’tcometoworkyesterday.Hemusthavebeenill.Whereismyumbrella?Imusthaveleftitonthebus.情态动词+havedone注意:反意疑问句一般过去时或现在完成时,由时间状语决定。Hemusthaveattendedtheconcert,__________?Hemusthaveattendedtheconcertyesterday,__________?hasn’the

didn’the情态动词+havedone2.can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能做过…”Billyisanhonestman.Hecan’t/couldn’thavestolenthemoney.IwenttoQingdaolastmonth.Youcan’t/couldn’thaveseenmeLastFriday.情态动词+havedone3.may/mighthavedone“可能做过…”Thereisatrafficaccident.Someonemay/mighthavebeeninjured.Hisfaceturnsred.Hemay/mighthavedrunktoomuch.情态动词+havedone4.couldhavedone“本可以做到…”(事实上没做到)Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthedidn’tgooverhislessons.5.should/oughttohavedone“本应该做过…”(事实上没去做)Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Ioughttohavehelpedhimout,butIwasbusy.情态动词+havedone6.needn’thavedone“本不必要做…”(事实上做了)Youneedn’thavewokenmeupsoearly,fortodayisSunday.7.didn’tneedtodo“本不必要做…”(事实上也没去做)Ididn’tneedtodothewashing-up.Mymomdidit.情态动词+havedone11.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI_____thejourneyinexactlytwodays.(TEM4-2005-57)A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake12._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(TEM4-2005-63)A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.should,haveD.Incase,had13.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone_____anopportunitytohearthespeech.(TEM4-2006-56)A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave14.Iamsurprised_____thiscityisadullplacetolivein.(TEM4-2006-57)A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhichyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking15.“You_____borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend.(TEM4-2007-53)A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.canCCDAD16.She_____fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.(TEM4-2007-53)A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen17.HadJudbeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_____muchbetterresultsnow.(TEM4-2008-52)A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget18.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses“probability”?(TEM4-2008-52)A.Youmustleaveimmediately.B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.C.Yo