翻译三级笔译实务分类真题6

翻译三级笔译实务分类真题6SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

TheprehistoricmonumentofStonehengestandstal（江南博哥）lintheBritishcountrysideasoneofthelastremnantsoftheNeolithicAge.Recentlyithasalsobecomethelatestsymbolofanotherera:thenewfiscalausterity.

Aplantoreplacethesite'srun-downvisitorscenterwithonealmostfivetimesbiggerandtocloseabusyroadthatrunsalongthe5,000-year-oldmonumenthadtobemothballedinJune.TheBritishgovernmenthadsuddenlywithdrawn￡10million,or$16million,infinancingfortheprojectaspartofabudgetausterity.

Stonehenge,onceatemplewithgiantstoneslabsalignedinacircletomarkthepassageofthesun,isamongthemostprominentvictimsofthegovernment'sspendingcuts.Thedecisionwasheavilycriticizedbylocallawmakers,especiallybecauseStonehenge,aUnescoWorldHeritagesite,waspartofLondon'ssuccessfulbidtohostthe2012OlympicGames.Theshabbyvisitorscentertherenowisalreadytoosmallforthe950,000peoplewhovisitStonehengeeachyear,letalonetheadditionalonslaughtoftouristsexpectedfortheGames,theofficialsays.

StonehengeisthebusiesttouristattractioninBritain'ssouthwest,toppingevenWindsorCastle.Butnomajorimprovementshavebeenmadetothefacilitiestheresincetheywerebuilt40yearsago.Fornow,portabletoiletsleadfromacrammedparkinglot,amakeshiftsouvenirshopinatent,aticketofficeoppositeasmallkioskthatsellscoffeeandsnacks.

Theoverhaulwasscheduledfornextspringin2011.Theplan,heldbyDentonCorkerMarshall,thearchitecturalfirm,wouldkeepthestonemonumentitselfunchanged.Butthecurrentticketofficeandshopwouldbedemolishedandanewvisitorscenterwouldbebuiltontheothersideofthemonument,about2.5kilometers,or1.5miles,fromthestones.Thecenterwouldhaveincludedashopalmostfivetimesthesizeofthecurrentone,aproperrestaurant,threetimesasmanyparkingspotsandanexhibitionspacetoprovidemoreinformationaboutStonehenge'shistory.

Atransitsystemwouldhaveshuttledvisitorsbetweenthecenterandthestoneswhilefootpathswouldhaveencouragedtouriststowalktothemonumentandexplorethesurroundingburialhills.Theclosedroadwouldbegrassedovertoimprovethesurroundinglandscape.

Lastyear,the￡27millionprojectwonthebackingofformerPrimeMinisterGordonBrown.Aftermorethan25yearsofbickeringwithlocalcommunitiesabouthowandwheretobuildthenewcenter,planningpermissionwasgrantedinJanuary.ConstructionwassupposedtostartandbecompletedintimefortheOlympics,buttheeconomicrecessionhaschanged.

Thenewprimeminister,DavidCameron,hasreversedmanyofhispredecessor'spromisesaspartofaprogramtocutmorethan￡99billionannuallyoveraperiodoffiveyearstohelptocloseagapingbudgetdeficit.ThefinancingforStonehengefellinthefirstroundofcuts,worthabout￡6.2billion,fromthebudgetforthecurrentyear,alongwithsupportforahospitalandtheBritishFilmInstitute.

EnglishHeritage,apartlygovernment-financedorganizationthatownsStonehengeandmorethan400otherhistoricsitesinthecountry,isnowaggressivelylookingforprivatedonations.Buttheeconomicdownturnhasmadetheendeavormoredifficult.

LoraineKnowles,Stonehenge'sprojectdirector,saidshewasdisappointedthatthegovernmenthadwithdrawnmoneywhilecontinuingtosupportmuseumsinLondon.ButshesaidshewashopefulthatEnglishHeritagecouldraisethemoneyelsewhere.Stonehenge,shesaid,couldthenalsobecome"ashiningexampleofhowphilanthropycouldwork."正确答案：英国巨石阵是史前神庙遗址，巨石高高矗立在一马平川的英格兰平原之上，属新石器时代建筑遗迹。如今，巨石阵再次成为时代象征：英国的财政紧缩政策最近把矛头指向了巨石阵。

巨石阵已历经五千年风风雨雨。英国原本通过了一项整修计划，按照该计划，鉴于现在使用的游客中心早已破旧不堪，将新建游客中心，其面积将是现在的五倍；巨石阵附近那条繁忙的公路也将关闭。但是，在今年6月，为缩减开支，英国政府突然宣布取消对巨石阵整修项目总额达1000万英镑(折合1600万美元)的拨款，整修计划被迫搁浅。

巨石阵原是一座神庙，巨石呈环形排列，用以记录太阳运行的轨迹。现在，巨石阵项目成了英国政府削减开支计划的主要目标。巨石阵是著名世界遗产，英国伦敦2012年夏季奥运会中办成功，巨石阵可谓功不可没。正因如此，当地议员对政府削减巨石阵整修项目拨款的决定也予以痛批。议员们称，巨石阵现在每年接待游客达95万人，但现在使用的游客中心非常简陋，早已应接不暇，而伦敦奥运会期间游客数量料将激增，届时游客中心就更加难以应付了。

巨石阵是英国西南部最著名的旅游胜地，游客数量甚至超过了温莎城堡。尽管如此，这里的游客接待设施自40年前建立以来从没进行过大修。现在，号点的洗手间还是便携式的，停车场也是车满为患，一个帐篷临时将就作为纪念品商店，售票处对面就是出售咖啡、零食的小卖部。

按原计划整修将从2011年春天开始动工。登顿·库克·马歇尔建筑事务所担纲设计，整修不会对巨石阵本身做任何改动，现在的售票处和小卖部将被拆除，在巨石阵的另一侧、距巨石阵2.5公里处将新建一个游客中心。按照计划，新游客中心内将建一个商店，面积是现在商店的五倍；建一个正规的餐厅；停车场将扩容至现在的三倍；同时还将建一个展厅，方便游客更好地了解巨石阵的历史。

新游客中心建成后，在游客中心和巨石阵之间将设有穿梭巴士，另有专门的步行道供游客徒步前往巨石阵和周边墓葬山参观。附近仍在使用的那条公路届时将会关闭，改为草坪，以美化周边环境。

去年，这项总额达2700万英镑的整修计划获得前首相戈登·布朗的支持。关于新游客中心如何修建及选址问题，有关方面与当地民众25年来一直争论不休，不过，在今年1月，整修计划终获通过。按照原计划，整修计划应该已经开工并赶在伦敦奥运会前竣工，但是此次经济危机使原计划泡汤。

现在，英国预算赤字不断增加，现任首相大卫·卡梅伦计划用五年时间弥补亏空，每年需要削减990亿英镑开支。为此，卡梅伦首相不得不改弦易辙，取消了前任政府通过的许多项目。本财年预算将首先削减开支62亿英镑，巨石阵拨款项目赫然在列，一家医院和英国电影学会的资助计划也一同被取消。

半官方机构英格兰遗产协会(EnglishHeritage)负责管理巨石阵和英国其他400多处历史遗迹。现在该协会正在积极寻求社会捐助，但是经济衰退当前，募捐谈何容易。

巨石阵项目负责人罗瑞恩·诺尔斯说，本届英国政府一方面取消了对巨石阵的拨款，另一方面却继续资助伦敦各个博物馆，未免令人失望。不过，她对英格兰遗产协会寄予厚望，希望协会能从其他渠道筹措到需要的资金。诺尔斯说，如果筹资一切顺利的话，那么，巨石阵今后还可以成为“宣扬慈善精神的典范”。

2.

Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.

Claimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,andhowcanitbefixed?Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities—totherichandthepooralike—isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.

Theproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcities,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.

Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.

Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,IvoryCoast,hassteadilyincreasedaccesstocleanwater,accordingtotheagency'sreport.Asubsidymaynotevenbenecessary,despitetheagency'sproposals,ifacountrycanharnesstheeconomicbenefitsofprovidingcleanwater.

Peoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-bornediseases—acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld—andmuchmorelikelytoenjoylong,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifagovernmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmightfindreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets—aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwatertoanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.

Inthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkmansaid,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves."Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhavetohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That'sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvestthemselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutionsandreplicatetheminothercountries,though,Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferentapproachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.正确答案：联合国开发计划署本月新发布的《人类发展报告》主题是水与卫生。

现在有人将穷人获取水资源成本高于富人的现象称为“水隔离”，类似的说法必将引发关注。但是，这一问题涉及的经济因素有哪些?又该如何加以解决呢?在有些国家，人们无法充分获得清洁用水，基础设施不完善是首要原因。有些地区没有公共基础设施，人们不得不从流动水车购水，或者长途跋涉到有水井的地方取水，由此推高他们获取水资源的成本。更为荒谬的是，在获取水资源的成本上升的同时，水质却在下降。自来水通常比流动水车或水井的水更加清洁，对于穷人和富人都是如此。

联合国开发计划署泰国项目专员哈坎·比约克曼说，这一问题不仅仅涉及农村地区，甚至连大城市也不例外。他还补充说，对地方水利部门提供的补贴受益者往往并不是穷人。

联合国开发计划署提出了“三步走”的解决方案。第一步，将每天保证20升(折合5加仑)清洁用水列为一项人权。第二步，由地方政府负责落实上述目标。第三步，投资修建供水基础设施。《人类发展报告》指出，各国特别是发展中国家应该至少拿出GDP的1%用于解决供水和卫生设施问题。该报告还建议国外援助资金也应向这方面倾斜，但比约克曼也明确指出，这显然需要政府部门的引导才行。当然，还有其他一些市场化解决方案。

该报告还指出，科特迪瓦首都阿比让的一家私营水厂通过向穷人降价供水，逐步缓解了当地清洁用水问题。开发计划署建议各国政府对供水系统提供补贴，但是，如果能保证供水企业获得相当经济利益的话，就没必要再提供补贴了。

在发展中国家，水传染疾病十分常见，但是如果能获得清洁饮用水，人们死于水传染疾病的几率就会大大降低，人们的寿命延长了，生产力提高了，缴税增多了，国家最终也能从中获益。因此，只要国家能保证供水产业的经济效益，就能吸引社会力量投资供水基础设施建设。反过来说，私营供水企业如果确信在一个地区的投资能在多年后收回成本、具有投资价值的话，他们自然也乐意为之。

同时，人们也在不断探索本土化解决方案。比约克曼说，在泰国，一些小型社区自发解决供水等社区面临的难题。他说：“人们自发组织起来，利用有限的资源帮助社区解决问题，在农村地区尤为如此。人们把钱投入周转基金和存款计划，并共同出力建设自己的村庄。不过，在其他国家实施、推广这些解决方案并不总是一帆风顺。一个国家或地区要想找到可行的供水解决方案，第一步就是先要整合各种应对之策。”

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

节选自2010年9月7日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言。

近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。

坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。

截至2010年7月，中国累计设立外商投资企业69.8万家，实际使用外资1.05万亿美元。目前中国22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50%的技术引进、约4500万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。正确答案：Inrecentyears,wehaveworkedinlinewiththecharacteristicsofthedifferentstagesofopening-up,andtherequirementstoimproveanopeneconomicsystemthatfocusesonbothdomesticandinternationalmarkets,thatpromoteswin-winandmutuallybeneficialcooperation,andthatemphasizessecurityandeffectiveness.Andwehaveactivelysummedupoursuccessfulexperienceinpastyears.Webettercoordinatedour"invitingin"and"goingglobal"strategies,adoptednewwaysofconductingoverseasinvestmentandcooperationandsupportedenterprisestodevelopinternationaloperationinresearchanddevelopment,productionanddistribution.Wearesteppingupeffortstofacilitatevariousformsofoverseasinvestmentcooperation,developourownmultinationalcompaniesandsupportwell-positionedenterprisestoestablishinternationalsalesdistributionnetworks.Weareworkingtostrengthenoverseasinfrastructureconstructioncooperation,anddevelopoverseaslaborcontractcooperationinawell-managedfashion.Andweareactivelyadvancingtheconstructionofoverseaseconomicandtradecooperationzones.Ouraimistoalleviatethetensionsbetweenovercapacityandweakdomesticdemand,stimulateindustrialtransformationathomeand,atthesametime,promoteexportsofrelevantproductsandservices.

Tofollowthebasicstatepolicyofopening-up,unswervinglydevelopanopeneconomyandpursueawin-winstrategyofopening-upisausefulexperiencethathasunderpinnedthesustainedandrapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyoverthepast30yearsandmore.Toattractforeigninvestment,pickcompetitiveforeigninvestorsandbringin"financialresources"and"intellectualresources"bothatthesametimeisanimportantelementofChina'sopening-uppolicy.

ByJuly2010,atotalof698,000foreign-investedenterpriseshadbeenestablishedinChina,registeringapaid-incapitalofUS$1.05trillion.Today,inChina,22%oftaxrevenues,28%ofaddedindustrialvalue,55%offoreigntrade,50%oftechnologyimportandsome45millionjobopportunitiesarecontributedbyforeign-investedenterprises.Openingtotheoutsideworldandattractingforeigninvestmentaremutuallybeneficialandcomplementary.ForChina,continuedintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasprovidednecessaryfund,advancedtechnologiesandvaluablemanagerialexpertiseandmanyglobal-mindedtalentstosupportthecountry'smodernizationdrive.Forforeignenterprises,investinginChinahasgeneratedhandsomereturns.Manyforeign-investedenterprisesinChinahavebecomethegrowthenginesandprofitcentersoftheirparentcompanies'globalbusiness.

Inrecentyears,Chinahasworkedtobalance"bringingin"and"goingglobal"asanopeneconomythatintegratesdomesticandinternationalmarketsforwin-winresultsandhighlightssecurityandefficiency.IncentiveshavebeengiventoforeignbusinessestoengageinR&D,productionandsalesinChina.Atthemoment,Chinaisfosteringhome-grownmultinationalsbyencouragingfull-fledged/well-placed/well-positionedChinesebusinessestoestablishglobalmarketingnetworksandseekpartnershipsininfrastructureprojectsoverseas.Chinaisalsoupgradingindustriesasawaytoboostexportsofgoodsandservices.Thepastmorethan30yearsofreformandopening-uphaveseenChinakeepitseconomystrongandgrowing.OnekeycontributingfactorbehindChina'shugesuccessisitsenduringcommitmenttoopenwidertotheoutsideworldforwin-winscenarios.AspartofChina'sopening-upprogram,Chinahasworkedtobringinmorebutselectiveinvestmentsandtalentsalike.

AsofJuly2010,698,000foreigncompanieshavebeenincorporatedinChinawithatotalpaid-ininvestmentofUS$1.05trillion.Atthemoment,foreign-fundedbusinessesinChinacontribute22%oftaxrevenue,28%oftotalindustrialaddedvalue,55%oftotalforeigntradevolume,and50%oftechnologyimports.Together,theyhire/employabout45millionpeopleinChina.

Opening-upandforeigninvestmentincentivesleadtowin-winoutcomes.ForChina'spart,sustainedinflowofforeigncapitalhasbroughtChinamuch-neededfunds,state-of-the-arttechnology,cutting-edgemanagerialknow-howandalargepooloftalentswithinternationalexposure.Asfarasforeigninvestorsareconcerned,theirpresenceinthelucrativemarkethasgeneratedhandsomereturns.QuiteanumberofforeignbusinessesactiveinChinahaveemergedasnewgrowthdriversandleadingsourceofprofitability/profitcentersfortheirparentcompanies.

2.

即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界7%的耕地养活全球1/5的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、低产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，2/3的灌溉设施需要整修。

由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增加130万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，