翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题5

翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题5EnglishChineseTranslationIntheearlydaysofthesettlementofAustralia,enterprising（江南博哥）settlersunwiselyintroducedtheEuropeanrabbit.ThisrabbithadnonaturalenemiesintheAntipodes,sothatitmultipliedwiththatpromiscuousabandoncharacteristicofrabbits.

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Itoverranawholecontinent.Itcauseddevastationbyburrowingandbydevouringtheherbagewhichmighthavemaintainedmillionsofsheepandcattle.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthisparticularvarietyofrabbit(andapparentlynootheranimal)wassusceptibletoafatalvirusdisease,myxomatosis.Byinfectinganimalsandlettingthemlooseintheburrows,localepidemicsofthisdiseasecouldbecreated.

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Lateritwasfoundthattherewasatypeofmosquitowhichactedasthecarrierofthisdiseaseandpasseditontotherabbits.Sowhiletherestoftheworldwastryingtogetridofmosquitoes,Australiawasencouragingthisone.

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Iteffectivelyspreadthediseasealloverthecontinentanddrasticallyreducedtherabbitpopulation.Itlaterbecameapparentthatrabbitsweredevelopingadegreeofresistancetothisdisease,sothattherabbitpopulationwasunlikelytobecompletelyexterminated.Therewerehopes,however,thattheproblemoftherabbitwouldbecomemanageable.

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Ironically,Europe,whichhadbequeathedtherabbitasapesttoAustralia,acquiredthisman-madediseaseasapestilence.AFrenchphysiciandecidedtogetridofthewildrabbitsonhisownestateandintroducedmyxomatosis.Itdidnot,however,remainwithintheconfinesofhisestate.

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ItspreadthroughFrance,wherewildrabbitsarenotgenerallyregardedasapestbutasasportandausefulfoodsupply,anditspreadtoBritainwherewildrabbitsareregardedasapestbutwheredomesticatedrabbits,equallysusceptibletothedisease,arethebasisofaprofitablefurindustry.ThequestionbecameoneofwhetherMancouldcontrolthediseasehehadinvented.1.

正确答案：欧洲兔子遍布整个澳洲。它们挖地洞，吃掉了本可用来饲养成百万头牛羊的牧草，造成了毁灭性的灾难。

2.

正确答案：后来发现有一种蚊子是这种传染病的携带者，它能使兔子染上这种疾病。就这样，当世界其他地区在想方设法消灭蚊子时，澳大利亚却在助长这种蚊子的滋生繁殖。

3.

正确答案：这种蚊子使疾病迅速蔓延到整个澳洲，造成兔子数量的剧减。后来，兔子显然对这种疾病产生了一定的免疫力，因此不太可能遭到完全灭绝。

4.

正确答案：具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把兔子作为有害动物给了澳洲，却从澳洲染上了这种最终造成瘟疫的人为疾病。

5.

正确答案：疾病蔓延到整个法国，而在法国一般并不把野兔看成是有害动物，而是把它作为猎物和有用的食物来源。疾病然后又传到英国，在那里，野兔虽然被看成是有害动物，但同样会受到这种疾病感染的家兔却为有利可图的皮毛业提供原料。

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Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidelyvaryingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,oratleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.ItscreationisoftentherelaxationofUniversitydons,literaryeconomist,scientistsorevenpoets.

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Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,AfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgaslitLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.

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Theelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof"significant"novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyararelysuperhumandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.

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Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgasfilledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestle.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.

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Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.6.

正确答案：描写犯罪的小说的共同特点是它们都对犯罪感兴趣，但题材范围广泛，体裁变化多种多样，所以堪称文学的一个独立分支，或者至少要被视为是传统小说中的一个尽管名声有点不好但却别具一格的支脉。

7.

正确答案：在上流社会中，人命案件出现可能要比料想的更频繁、更神秘；但是，这些事件的案发地点——村庄、海滨胜地、学院或工作室，却是我们所熟悉的：即使不是我们亲身经历，至少也是报上登载或出现在朋友们的生活之中的。

8.

正确答案：精心安排、结构严密的情节，尽管受到现代唯理智论的批评家和“有重大意义的”小说的创作者们的鄙视，但却在描写谋杀案件的侦探小说中找到了庇护所，这种小说有一些关键的情节，以看来显然不可能的事情来增添趣味，故事结束时又全部有妥善的解决办法与说明。

9.

正确答案：连续不断的拳击战、手枪决斗、撞车和逃出装满汽油的地窖，要比至少有两根肋骨被打折、一只眼睛被打肿、遍体鳞伤并宿醉未醒，却仍然能够以摔跤运动员一样的体格追击并制服武装歹徒的英雄人物更能使读者精疲力竭。

10.

正确答案：也许在惊险小说中，我们领略不到那沉着冷静的调查员几经周折和失败最终安全地引领我们找出嫌疑犯的安全感。此时，使我们感到迷惑的一切都无可争议地得以澄清，正义和善良取得绝对胜利。

Inman'searlydays,competitionwithothercreaturesmusthavebeencritical.Butthisphaseofourdevelopmentisnowfinished.Indeed,welackpracticeandexperiencenowadaysindealingwithprimitiveconditions.

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Iamsurethat,withoutmodernweapons,Iwouldmakeaverypoorshowofdisputingtheownershipofacavewithabear,andinthisIdonotthinkthatIstandalone.Thelastcreaturetocompetewithmanwasthemosquito.Buteventhemosquitohasbeensubduedbyattentiontodrainageandbychemicalsprays.

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Competitionbetweenourselves,personagainstperson,communityagainstcommunity,stillpersists,however;anditisasfierceasiteverwas.

Butthecompetitionofmanagainstmanisnotthesimpleprocessenvisionedinbiology.

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Itisnotasimplecompetitionforafixedamountoffooddeterminedbythephysicalenvironment,becausetheenvironmentthatdeterminesourevolutionisnolongeressentiallyphysical.Ourenvironmentischieflyconditionedbythethingswebelieve.MoroccoandCaliforniaarebitsoftheEarthinverysimilarlatitudes,bothonthewestcoastsofcontinentswithsimilarclimates,andprobablywithrathersimilarnaturalresources.

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Yettheirpresentdevelopmentiswhollydifferent,notsomuchbecauseofdifferentpeopleeven,butbecauseofthedifferentthoughtsthatexistinthemindsoftheirinhabitants.ThisisthepointIwishtoemphasize.Themostimportantfactorinourenvironmentisthestateofourownminds.

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Itiswellknownthatwherethewhitemanhasinvadedaprimitiveculturethemostdestructiveeffectshavecomenotfromphysicalweaponsbutfromideas.Ideasaredangerous.TheHolyOfficeknewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.Indeed,theconceptoffreespeechonlyexistsinourmodemsocietybecausewhenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttoconceiveofanythingreallydestructive.11.

正确答案：我可以肯定，要是我不用现代武器而去和一头熊争夺一座山洞的所有权，我会窘态毕露的，而且我相信，会出洋相的绝非我一人。

12.

正确答案：然而人类之间的竞争，个人与个人、社会与社会之间的竞争仍然在继续，而且这种斗争的激烈程度并不亚于过去。

13.

正确答案：人与人之间的竞争并不是那种为了争夺由物质环境决定的一定量食物而进行的简单竞争，因为决定人类进化的环境已经不再主要是物质的了。

14.

正确答案：然而，它们目前的发展程度却全然不同，这并不是因为人的不同，而是因为存在于两地居民头脑中的观念不同。

15.

正确答案：众所周知，凡是原始文化遭到白人入侵的地方，最具有破坏效果的不是有形的武器，而是思想。

Althoughtruthandjusticemaybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcourage,thereareothers.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthemaininfluenceuponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.

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Itisrecognitionofcompassion'spartthatleadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreaderssosuccessfullythatmanycandidatesforParliamentwereafraidtosupportabolitionforfearoflosingvotesandtheresultwasthemuddle-headedHomicideActof1957whichmademurderwithrobberyacapitalcrimeandallowedthepoisonertoescapethegallows.Thatillogicalqualificationshowshowflimsyistheargumentthatcapitalpunishmentisadeterrenttomurder.

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Thepoisoneralwaysworksonacalculatedplanofactionandthereforeisabletoconsiderwhetherornothistakinganother'slifeisworththeriskofhisown;theviolentthiefisusuallyatthemercyofaninstantemotion.Theonlyarguablepleaforcapitalpunishmentistherightofsocietytoretributioninthisworldwiththeprospectoflifeinanother,butsincewhatusedtoseemtothegreatmajorityofcivilizedhumanitytheassuranceofantherlifebeyondthegravehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeoplelesscertain,afeelingforthevalueofhumanlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.Thismayseemaparadoxicalclaimtomakeatatimewhenmankindissomuchpreoccupiedwithweaponsofdestruction.

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Nevertheless,itisaclaimthatcanbesustainedandifcompassionanimatesthosewhourgetheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyitisnotasentimentalcompassionforthementalagonyinflicteduponacondemnedmanbutadreadofdestroyingthemiracleoflife.

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Whenintheeighteenthcenturyoffencesagainstthelawthattodaywouldnotearnamonthinprisonwerepunishedwiththedeathpenalty,theseverityofthepenalcodehadnoseriouseffectontheprevalenceofcrime.Whenitmadenodifferencetothefateofahighwaymanwhetherhehadkilledhisvictimormerelyrobbedhimofafewpiecesofsilver,therewerenomoremurdersthantherewerewhenmenlikeSirFrancisBurdettsucceededinlighteningtheexcessiveseverityofthepenallaws.

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Inthosedaysthesacrednessoflifeonearthwasnotgreatlyregardedbecausealifeintheworldtocomewastakenforgrantedexceptbyacomparativelysmallminorityofphilosophers.16.

正确答案：正是由于认识到怜悯的作用，才使主张死刑的人指责提倡废除死刑的人感情用事，说他们为杀人犯惋惜胜于为受害者惋惜。

17.

正确答案：投毒者总是按照周密的行动计划行事，因此他能够考虑是否值得冒自己的生命危险去干掉别人；而行凶的窃贼则通常是受一时冲动所支配。

18.

正确答案：尽管如此，这却是一个可以得到认可的主张；如果说怜悯之心使那些极力要求废除死刑的人感到激动，这并不是对死刑囚犯所受精神痛苦感情用事的怜悯，而是对毁灭奇迹般的生命感到恐惧。

19.

正确答案：今天不足以判处一个月监禁的触犯法律的行为，在18世纪却被判处死刑，刑法的严峻对犯罪行为的猖獗并无重大影响。

20.

正确答案：那个时代并不十分重视生命的神圣，因为除了相当少的一部分哲学家外，人们都理所当然地认为来世还有生命。

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabout,theproblemofpollution.

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Pollutioniscausedeitherbythereleasedbymanofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstance,suchasoilfromtankersintothesea.

22

Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductstoupsettheenvironmentbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensibly,butclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsareproducedandmadecomplex,therewillbenew,dangerouswastestobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.

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Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.However,thelanditselfisgradually