翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题157

翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题157ReadingComprehension

Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbeara（江南博哥）blebrilliance.Likeivyalongthedimedgeofagarden,theypreferthesocialshadows,shunningparties,publicityandfameofanysort.Thentherearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum.Forthem,beingintheviewofothersseemsnecessaryforlifeitself.FromHollywoodtofabricatedprime-timereality,thisspotlightdependentspeciesisthriving.

Butwhatabouttheindividualswhocraveattentionformoredesperatereasons?Thosewhoresorttounusualwaystogetit?Lately,itseems,adarkbloomofthesecharactershasemerged.Formotivesknownonlytothemselves,theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus:victimhood.

InearlyApril,U.S.nationalnewsoutletstrackedthedisappearanceofAudreySeller,asophomoreattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison.PoliceandhundredsofconcernedcitizenssearchedforfourdaysbeforeSellerwasdiscovered.Seilersaidshewaskidnapped.Withinhours,however,herstoryfellapart.Policeannouncedthatherabductionhadbeenahoax.Whywouldapopularstudentmakeherselfdisappear?Hermotiveremainsamystery,butperhapsithadsomethingtodowiththesearchpartiesandthenewsbulletinsthatsurroundedher.

Sympathyisapowerfulsentimentthatcanconnectcompletestrangers.Butifit'susedtomanipulate,thebacklashcanbemuchmoreintense.

InFebruary,atWaterbury,Connecticut,manwasarrestedasaresultofexploitingsympathy.EdwardValentintoldreportersthathehadreceivedwordthathiswife,servinginIraq,hadbeenkilledinanexplosion.PolicesaidValentinadmittedthefabrication,reasoningthatifpeoplefeltsorryforhimmaybethemilitarywouldsendhiswifehome.Evidence,however,pointselsewhere.Initsextremeform,suchacravingshowsupinmentaldisorders,wheresufferersmayseekattentionbycausingthemselvesharm.Butevenwhenitcomeswithnodiagnosis,adeepcravingtobenoticedcanhaveawideimpact.

Fortheseindividuals,victimhoodrepresentsa"purestateofguilt-freeentitlement",saidpsychologistRichardLevakofDelMar,California"Theygofrombeingutterlydeprivedtobeingutterlyindulged.Intoday'sworld...peoplehavebecomemoredepressedanddisconnectedfromeachother.Soyougetpeoplewhocraveaffectionandattentionandapproval.Theydon'tknowhowtoaskforitandtheydon'tknowhowtogetit.Thatleavesthemvulnerable,"Levaksaid.1.

Theword"arboretum"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.botanicalgardenB.zoologicalgardenC.orchardD.golfcourse正确答案：A[解析]本题为词义题。arboretum意为“植物园林”，因此选A项“植物园”。该词较为生僻，若不认识，可根据文中提到的arboretum里有花(therearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum)进行推测得出答案。

[参考译文]对有些人来说，他人的关注就如刺眼的光芒般令人难以忍受。他们就像花园里长在阴暗边缘的常藤，更喜欢无社交的生活，躲避种种聚会、公关活动，也厌恶名声。但同时，在这座人类社会大园林里，也有花朵一样的人。对他们来说，别人的关注对其生活本身不可或缺。从好莱坞到虚假的黄金时段，依赖聚光灯生活的人在迅速增加。

而那些出于更绝望的原因渴求关注的人呢?那些通过非正常手段获得关注的人呢?最近，这样的人似乎越来越多。他们因利用一种几乎称得上神圣的社会地位——受害者地位，变得臭名昭著，而动机却只有他们自己清楚。

4月初，美国多家国家媒体跟踪报道了奥德丽·塞拉(AudreySeiler)的失踪事件，塞拉是麦迪逊市威斯康辛大学一名大二学生。警察和几百名关心此事件的民众搜寻了4天，才最终找到她。塞拉声称自己被绑架，但几个小时不到，她编的故事就被识破了。警察宣布她的“绑架”不过是一场骗局。为什么一个如此受欢迎的学生要骗别人说自己被绑架呢?她的动机至今仍是一个谜团，但这也许和她身边的搜查队与新闻简报有关。同情心是一种强大的情感，可将完全不相干的陌生人紧密联系起来。可如果同情心被操纵利用，产生的反作用也将十分强烈。

2月，美国康涅狄格州沃特伯里的一名男子因恶意利用同情心被捕。男子名叫爱德华·瓦伦汀(EdwardValentin)，他告诉记者说自己收到消息称，在伊拉克服役的妻子已于一场爆炸中不幸身亡。警察表示，瓦伦汀自己坦白事情是编造的，他想如果能引起人们的同情，说不定军队就会将其妻子送回家。但后来的证据显示事实并非如此。在极端情况下，渴望关注的心情会造成精神错乱，患者因此可能通过伤害自己来达到目的。不过即使未出现诊断症状，过度渴求关注也会对人产生巨大的影响。

来自加利福尼亚州德尔玛的心理学家理查德·勒瓦克(RichardLevak)表示，“对这些人来说，受害者地位代表着‘可被完全赦免的权利’，他们从极度缺乏关注走向彻底被纵容。”勒瓦克还指出，“当今世界，人们彼此间越来越疏离，变得愈加压抑，所以会有人渴求关爱、渴望关注和赞同，却不知道该如何索取、如何获得，这让他们脆弱。”

B项“动物园”、C项“果园”和D项“高尔夫课程”均不符合题目要求。

2.

AccordingtoParagraph1,somepeople______.A.donotliketobeinthespotlightB.likethedarksideofsocietyC.preferthebeautyofplantstopeopleD.avoidthemediabutenjoyparties正确答案：A[解析]通读第1段可知该段提到了两种人：一种是不喜欢被关注的，另一种是渴望关注的。A项“不喜欢处在聚光灯之下”即第一种不喜欢被关注的人，符合要求，因此选A项。

B项“喜欢社会的黑暗面”，文中提到的第一种人喜欢socialshadows是指喜欢“无社交的生活”而并非社会的黑暗，因此排除B项。C项“比起人，更喜欢植物的美丽”利用flowersofthehumanarboretum设置干扰，文中无这个表达，可排除。D项“避免媒体曝光，但享受聚会”，原文是不喜欢被人关注的人会同时躲避parties(聚会)和publicity(公众活动)，因此D项不符合要求。

3.

Theword"notoriety"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.infamyB.reclaimC.reputationD.achievement正确答案：A[解析]本题为词义题。notoriety意为“臭名昭著”，因此A项“声名狼藉”与之最为贴近。若不认识infamy，可根据其形式推测其与fame存在反义关系。

B项“开垦；恢复”、C项“名誉，名声”和D项“成就”均不符合题目要求，故都予以排除。

4.

Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,therhetoricdeviceusedinthewritingis______.A.paradoxB.analogyC.metaphorD.pun正确答案：C[解析]本题为修辞手法判断题。通读前两段可发现文中多处用了隐喻的修辞。如第1段第1句Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.此处无出现like、as...等表示明喻的词，但其实是把humanattention“他人的关注”比作light“光芒”；第2段中theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus：victimhood.实际是把victimhood“受害者地位”比喻为analmostsacredwellofsocialstatus“社会地位中的一口神圣之井”，因此选C项。

A项是“悖论”的修辞手法，指一句话中或者前后两句话表面看起来前后矛盾，实则富有哲理，如Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。”B项为“类比”，即将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，如Appropriatepraisetoachildiswhatthesunistoaflower.“恰当的赞扬对孩子的作用，就如阳光之于花朵一样。”D项为“双关”，它巧妙地利用同音异义或者同形异义现象使一个词语或句子具有两种不同的含义，从而产生意象不到的幽默、滑稽效果，如Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.这里lies既有“说谎”的意思，也有“躺”，即“居住”的意思，用在此处意味深长，引发读者遐想。

5.

Theword"abduction"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.kidnapB.actionC.excuseD.plead正确答案：A[解析]本题为词义题。abduction意思为“绑架，诱拐”，文中为避免重复，用其代替kidnap，因此若不知道该词意思，也可通过前文提到的waskidnapped推测出正确答案。

B项“行动”、C项“借口；理由”和D项“请求，请愿”均不符合要求，故都可排除。

6.

AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthatAudreySeiler______.A.waskidnappedB.playedatrickforpublicityC.wasneglectedatschoolD.stayedawayfromtheconcernedcitizens正确答案：B[解析]通读第3段后可知，塞拉是编造了一个自己被绑架的故事，以获取关注，因此B项正确。

A项“被绑架”，警方最后证明“绑架”不过是谎话，因此排除A项。C项“在学校被忽视”，第3段倒数第2句提到她是一个popularstudent(受欢迎的学生)，因此排除C项。D项“远离关注事件的民众”，文中并无提及，故也可排除。

7.

Theword"utterly"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.completelyB.acutelyC.silentlyD.oppositely正确答案：A[解析]本题为词义题。utterly在第6段出现了两次，意为“完全地，彻底地”，表示程度之深，因此A项符合要求。

B项“强烈地”、C项“沉默地”和D项“相反地”均不符合要求，故都可排除。

8.

AudreySellerdidsomethingcrazyprobablybecauseshewantedto______.A.challengethepoliceB.attractthemediaC.experienceanadventureD.beatthecrowd正确答案：B[解析]本题考查AudreySeiler做出疯狂举动，也就是谎称自己被绑架的原因。事件的具体阐释是在第3段，而第2段其实是对下文事件原因的一个说明，即人们捏造事实，扮演受害者是由于“渴求关注”，因此B项“吸引媒体的注意”符合要求。

A项“挑战警察的权威”、C项“体验一场冒险”和D项“打败众人”在文中均未被提及，都可排除。

9.

EdwardValentinmadeupthestoryinorderto______.A.gethiswifebackhomefromIraqB.makepeoplefeelsorryforhimC.expressdeeploveforhiswifeD.drawattentiontohimself正确答案：D[解析]本题为信息细节题。题目提问EdwardValentin编造故事的原因。通读第五段可知，尽管瓦伦汀先生自己说的原因是为了让妻子能从伊托克回家，但最后证明并非如此(Evidence,however,pointselsewhere)，瓦伦汀只是出于想获得关注而编造了事实，因此D项符合要求。

A项和B项极具迷惑性，但这两项的表述实际上只是瓦伦汀先生自己说的原因，但正如文中所说，事实后来证明并非如此，因此排除A项和B项。C项在文中无提及，可排除。

10.

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat______.A.societyhasnothingtodowiththeextremebehaviorofpeopleB.peoplewhoplaythevictimaredoingwhattheyfeelisrightC.people'sdeepneedofattentionimpliespsychologicalproblemsD.peoplewhofishforattentionindulgethemselvesinfabricatingreality正确答案：D[解析]本题为段落信息题，考查最后一段的一些细节信息。通断段落可知，最后一段是心理学家对以上所提到的人们捏造事实获取关注的几个事例进行原因分析，由倒数的二三句可知，其主要原因便是人们渴望关注、关爱和赞同，但不知如何获得才会编造谎言，因此D项符合要求。

A项“社会与人们的一些极端行为毫无关系”，这与原文表述正好相反，因此排除。B项“人们扮演受害者是在做自己认为对的事”，最后一段并未提及扮演受害者的人内心的想法，因此排除。C项“人们对关注的深层需求说明了其心理问题”在文中未被提及，故排除。

Adozenyearsago,JamesGrant—oneofthewisestcommentatorsonWallStreet—wroteabookcalledTheTroublewithProsperity.Grant'ssurveyoffinancialhistorycapturedhiscrustytheoryofeconomicpredestination.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.Ifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.Crisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythmthat,thoughitcanbeinfluenced,cannotberepealed.

Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.Bearthatinmind.Itprovidescontextfortoday'sturmoilandrecriminations.Therecentastoundingevents—thegovernment'stakeoverofFannieMaeandFreddieMac,theTreasury'sinvestmentsinprivatebanks,thestockmarket'swildswings—havethrustusintofiercedebate.Hasenoughbeendonetoprotecttheeconomy?Whoorwhatcausedthismess?

WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.Wewantvictoriesanddefeatswithclearheroesandvillains.Wecraveaworldofcrispmoralcertitudes,whentherealworldisawashwithmurkyambiguities.Soitisnow.Startwiththeimmediatequestion:hasenoughbeendone?Well,enoughforwhat?Ifthegoalistopreventacalamitouscollapseofbanklending,theanswerisprobably"yes".

Lastweek,thegovernmentguaranteedmostinterbankloans(loansamongbanks)andpressuredninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasury.Together,thesestepsmakeiteasierforbankstoborrowandlend.There'slessneedtohoardcash.Butifthegoalistoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil,theansweris"no".

We'reprobablyalreadyinrecession.InSeptember,retailsalesdropped1.2percent.Thehousingcollapse,higheroilprices(nowreceding),joblossesandsaggingstockshavebatteredconfidence.Consumptionspends—morethantwothirdsofallspending—maydropinthethirdquarterforthefirsttimesince1991.Loansarehardertoget,becausethere'sbeena"correctionoflaxlendingstandards,"saysfinancialconsultantBertEly.EconomistDavidWyssofStandard&Poor'sexpectsunemployment,now6.1percent,toreach7.5percentbyyear-end2009.

Dittoforfinancialperils,"theUnitedStateshasanenormousfinancialsystemoutsidethebanks,"sayseconomistRaghuramRajanoftheUniversityofChicago.Takehedgefunds.Theymanagenearly$2trillionandrelyheavilyonborrowedfunds.Theycoulddestabilizethemarketsasthey'repressuredtosell.They'vesufferedheavyredemptions—$43billioninSeptember,accordingtotheFinancialTimes.There'salsoaglobalchainreaction.Lossesinonemarketinspirelossesinothers;andnervousinternationalinvestorsselleverywhere.Brazil'smarkethaslostabouthalfitsvalueinthepastyear.

Inthisfluidsituation,onethingispredictable:thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.IsformerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolowandfornotimposingtougherregulationsonmortgagelending?WouldClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinhavespottedthecrisissooner?DidRepublicanfree-marketideologuesleavegreedyWallStreetstypestoounregulated?WasCongresstoopermissivewithFannieMacandFreddieMac?

Somestoriesaremake-believe.Afterleavinggovernment,RubinlandedatCitigroupas"seniorcounselor."Hefailedtoidentifytoxicmortgagesecuritiesasabigprobleminthebank'sownportfolio.It'simplausibletothinkhe'dhavedonesoinWashington.AsrecentinvestigativestoriesintheNewYorkTimesandTheWashingtonPostshow,theClintonadministrationbroadlysupportedthefinancialderegulationthatDemocratsarenowsoloudlydenouncing.

Greenspanisahardercase.Hisresistancetotougherregulationofmortgagelendingislegitimatelycriticized,butthestoryofhislow-interestratepoliciesismorecomplicated.True,theovernightfed-fundsratedroppedto1percentin2003tooffsettheeffectsofthebursttechbubbleand9/11.Still.TheFedstartedraisingratesinmid-2004.Unfortunatelyandsurprisingly,long-terminterestratesonmortgages(whicharesetbythemarket)didn'tfollow.ThatundercuttheFedandisoftenattributedtoasurgeofcheapcapitalfromChinaandAsia.

There'sabroaderlesson.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.Skepticsareregardedasfools.It'shardforgovernment—oranyoneelse—tosay,"Whoa,cowboys;thiswon'tlast."Inthisrespect,thetechbubbleandthehousingbubblewereidenticaltwins.

Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.

Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.Existinghomepricesrose50percentfrom2000to2006.Lendingstandardsweakened.Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities.Butbankers—totheireventualregret—keptmanybadloansthemselves.Almosteveryoneassumedthathomepriceswouldriseforever,soriskswereminimal.Congresswascomplicit.ItallowedFannieandFreddietooperatewithmeagercapital.Theywere,ineffect,gianthedgefundsbackedbygovernmentcongressalsoincreasedtheshareoftheirmortgagesthathadtogotolow—andmoderate-incomebuyers,form40percentin1996to52percentin2005.Thisblessedandpromotedsubprimemortgagelending.

SoGrant'sthesisisconfirmed.Wegothroughcyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Theonlyconsolationisthatthegenesisofthenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.OptimisticAmericans"recognizeerrorandputitbehindthem,"GrantwritesinthecurrentForeignAffairs.ThePewsurveyreportsthiscontrast:thoughhalfofAmericansbelievethere'sarecession,almosthalfalsothinktheeconomywillimproveinthenextyear.(byRobertJ.Samuelson,fromNewsweek,October27,2008)11.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.TheCalamitousCollapseofBankLendingB.TheTroublewithProsperityC.GoodTimesBreedBadTimesD.CyclesofSelf-delusion正确答案：C

12.

Inthefirstparagraph,whatdoestheso-called"economicpredestination"referto?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.B.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythm.C.Thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.D.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse,andifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.正确答案：D

13.

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudecanbestbedescribedas______.A.facetiousB.skepticalC.positiveD.critical正确答案：D

14.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thegovernment'smeasuretoguaranteemostinterbankloansandpressureninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasuryisenoughtofightagainstfinancialcrisis.B.Whatwe'vedoneisnotenoughtoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil.C.Lossesinonemarketfailtoinspirelossesinothers.D.Brazil'smarkethaslostaboutonethirdofitsvalueinthepastyear.正确答案：B

15.

Inparagraph11,theauthorstatesthat"Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession".Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestillustratethestatement?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess,andcrisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.B.Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.C.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.D.Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.正确答案：A

16.

Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph7andparagraph8that______.A.thepoliciesadoptedbytheClintonadministrationenjoygreatsupportoftheDemocratsnow.B.ClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinisresponsibleforfailingtospotthecrisissooner.C.Republicanfree-marketideologueshaveimposedproperregulationongreedyWallStreetstypes.D.formerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanisnotresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolow.正确答案：B

17.

Inthesentence"Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities",theword"opaque"mayroughlymean______.A.unstableB.inefficientC.unclearD.inoperable正确答案：C

18.

Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsummarizethemainideaofthewholepassage?A.TheUnitedStatesencountersanunprecedentedfinancialcrisis.B.Thegovernmenthasdoneenoughtopreventthefinancialcrisis.C.Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.D.WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.正确答案：C

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex．TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstruetures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted．First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequitingnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.19.

Everygroupofhumanbeingshas______.A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflifeB.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguageC.itsownelegantmusic,literature，andotherartsD.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals正确答案：A[解析]本题考查词义理解。根据文章第一段第一句“Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.”可知，不管看着多不文明，每个民族都有自己的文化。根据常识可知，人的思想、信仰和生活方式都属于“文化”。所以，答案是A。

20.

Totheprofessionallinguists,______.A.thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofculturesB.thereisnointrinsichierarchyoflanguagesC.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansD.alllanguagesaremostsevereandstandard正确答案：B[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后一句“...astotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，对于专业的语言学家来说，语言本来没有等级之分。所以，答案是B。

21.

Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare______.A.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuous正确答案：C[解析]本题考查词义理解。根据文章第二段第三句“Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.”可知，根据最严格的标准，未开化的群体中的大多数的语言都很复杂。Complex“复杂的”；adequate“足够的”；numerous“很多的”；ingenious“有独创性的，精致的”；ingenuous“坦白的”。只有C项与原文complex的意思相近。所以，答案是C。

22.

"Backward"languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin______.A.structuresB.vocabulariesC.writtenformsD.soundpatterns正确答案：B[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第四句“TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,...butonlyintheirvocabularies.”可知，“Backward”语言和西方语言的区别不是在于发音模式或语法结构，而是在于词汇。由此可知，答案是B。

23.

Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown______.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabulary正确答案：D[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第六句“...alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion...”可知，所有语言都有语言扩展的机制。machinery意为“机构，机制”，systems意为“系统，体制”。由此可知，答案是D。

24.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句“Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，对专业的人类学家来说，各文化之间没有固有的优越之分，就像对语言学家来说，语言没有固有的等级之分一样。根据这句话的逻辑关系我们可以推断出，作者阐述语言之间关系的目的是说明不同文化之间的关系。castlightonsth.“使某事物清楚些”。所以，答案是C。

25.

Itisimpliedthatallcultureshavetobeviewed______.A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionally正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，各种文化之间没有固有的优越之分；又根据第二段中的内容可知，所有的语言都有扩展词汇的方法，日常活动和熟悉事物都需要名称，要进行辨别，这些自然要导致形成自己的语言体系。据此推断，答案是C。

26.

Accordingtothispassage,tolearnaforeignlanguagewouldrequireoneto______.A.domoreactivitiesB.learnaboutanewcultureC.meetmorepeopleD.needmorenames正确答案：B[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章第二段的倒数第三句“...objectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin'backward'languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.”可知，学语言除了学语音、语法外，还要了解与文化相关的思想、信仰和生活方式等。语言是文化的一部分，所以，学习一门外语必须要了解该语言的文化。所以，答案是B。

27.

Theauthor'sattitudeshowninthispassage,toward"backward"languagesis______.A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute正确答案：C[解析]本题考查作者态度。通读全文可知，全文作者均采用第三人称的陈述方式进行讲述，讲到了不同文化和不同语言的之间的差别，由此可知，作者的态度是可观的。所以，答案是C。

28.

Thispassageisonthewhole______.A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentative正确答案：B[解析]本题考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要是讲述语言文化方面的内容，说明语言和文化密切相关。该文章具有一定的指导意义。所以，答案是B。

ThelandscapeoftheGiant'sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50-60millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant'sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant'sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge—andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant'sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth'shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil'sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant'sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.29.

Theword"lurking"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.lieinambushB.waitC.standD.waylay正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“lurkingbelowthegauntseawall”可知，潜伏在荒凉海堤的下面。选项中的A项为“埋伏”符合文意。B项“等待”，C项“矗立”，D项“拦截”，这三项均不符合题意。

30.

TheGiant'sCausewaywascreatedby______.A.theancientIrishpeopleB.thegiantFinnMcCoolC.thevolcanicactivitiesD.thedriftoflavaplateau正确答案：C[解析]根据第一段内容“TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50～60millionyearsago”可知，海岸堤道地质层是火山活动的典型代表，所以C符合题意。A项“古代的爱尔兰人”，文中提到巨人堤是古爱尔兰人心中的奇观，但不是古爱尔兰缔造的；B项“巨人芬恩·麦克库尔”，这是传说中的缔造者，不是真实的；D项“溶岩高原的移动”，根据文中内容，也不是巨人堤的成因。

31.

Theword"remaining"underlinedinParagraphIisclosestinmeaningto______.A.therestB.keepC.stay