翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题154

翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题154ReadingComprehension

AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancom（江南博哥）munityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.

Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantleofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.

In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.

In1991,anewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsgatheredinWashington,D.C.,tobringnationalattentiontopollutionproblemsthreateninglow-incomeandminoritycommunities.Leadersintroducedtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities.ThefirstNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummiteffectivelybroadenedwhat"theenvironment"wasunderstoodtomean.Itexpandedthedefinitiontoincludewherewelive,work,play,worshipandgotoschool,aswellasthephysicalandnaturalworld.Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.

Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.Thesecondsummitwasplannedfor500delegates;butmorethan1,400peopleattendedthefour-daygathering.

"WearepleasedthattheSummitⅡwasabletoattractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,researchers,planners,policyanalystsandgovernmentofficials.Weprovedtotheworldthatourmovementisaliveandwell,andgrowing,"saysBeverlyWright,chairofthesummit.ThemeetingproducedtwodozenpolicypapersthatshowpowerfulenvironmentalandhealthdisparitiesbetweenpeopleofcolorandWhites.1.

InParagraph1,theword"residents"underlinedrefersto______inparticular.A.ethnicgroupsintheU.S.B.theAmericangeneralpublicC.AfricanAmericansD.theU.S.working-class正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.”可知，第一句话中出现了anAfricanAmericancommunity，所以第二句中的residents应该指AfricanAmericans，所以C项符合题意。A项“美国的种族”，B项“美国的普通大众”，D项“美国的工人阶级”，这三项在文中第一段没有出现相关内容。

2.

Theword"squarely"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fairlyB.preciselyC.honestlyD.well正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella”可知，但环境公正却公平地处于民权的保护伞下。选项中的A项为“公平地，公正地”符合文意。B项“准确地”，C项“诚实地”，D项“非常好地”，这三项均不符合题意。

3.

Morethanthreedecadesago,environmentaljusticewas______.A.controversialamonglocalactivitiesB.firstproposedbyMartinLutherKingJr.C.fascinatingtothecivilrightsgroupsD.barelyrealizedbymanyenvironmentalists正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilfightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilfightsumbrella.”可知，30多年前，环境公正却正当地躲在公民权的保护伞之下。所以C项符合题意。A项“在当地活动中是引起争议的”，B项“是马丁·路德·金首先提出来的”，D项“几乎不被环境保护者意识到”，这三项和文中内容不符合。

4.

Theword"intervention"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.interpositionB.participationC.involvementD.management正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention”可知，积极分子对抗公司，要求政府干预。选项中的A项为“干预”符合文意。B项“参加”，C项“参与”，D项“管理”，这三项均不符合题意。

5.

In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphistohelpthegarbageworkers______.A.getrelievedofsomeoftheirbasicdutiesB.knowwhatenvironmentaljusticewasC.fightforbetterworkingconditionsD.recognizetheirdangeroussurroundings正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.”可知，马丁·路德·金博士前往孟斐斯是为了给工人争取更高的工资和好的工作环境，所以C项“力争好的工作条件”符合题意。A项“减轻一些他们的基本工作”，B项“帮助工人了解环境公平是什么”，D项“帮助他们认识到他们危险的处境”，这三项和文意不符合。

6.

Theword"protesting"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.combatB.confirmC.considerD.affirm正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities”可知，抗议黑人，穷人和工薪阶层受到的环境保护比白人或富人少很多。选项中的A项为“抗议，反对”符合文意。B项“确认”，C项“认为”，D项“断言”，这三项均不符合题意。

7.

Paragraph3impliesthat,in1979,______.A.theenvironmentaljusticeissueswerefirstbroughttocourtinHoustonB.environmentalactivistscooperatedindefyingtheU.S.governmentC.thegovernmentinterventionhelpedpromoteenvironmentaljusticeD.environmentalproblemsattractedtheattentionofthegovernment正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.”可知，环境公平问题需要政府的干预，所以D项“环境问题引起了政府的关注”符合文意。A项“环境公平问题在休斯敦第一次被诉诸法律”，文中说这是一个里程碑，但是没有说是第一次；B项“环境活动家合作一起对抗美国政府”，文中说的是与公司对抗，不是对抗政府；C项“政府的干预帮助促进了环境公平”，政府干预起到的效果文中没有提到，所以这三项都不符合题意。

8.

Theword"grassroot"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.basiclevelB.middleclassC.peasantD.worker正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第六段的内容“attractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students，”可知，吸引大量的草根积极分子，博士，学生等。选项中的A项为“底层人员”符合文意。B项“中产阶级”，C项“农民”，D项“工人”，这三项均不符合题意。

9.

Thenewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsdifferedfromthepreviousactivistsinthat______.A.theynoticedenvironmentaldisparitiesbetweentherichandthepoorB.theycriedforgovernmentinterventioninsavingtheenvironmentC.theyknewwhat"theenvironment"reallymeanttotheWhitepeopleD.theypracticedenvironmentalismoutsideaswellaswithintheU.S.正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.”可知，在这个过程中，环境保护运动在全世界范围展开，而不是局限在美国。所以D项符合题意。A项“他们注重穷人和富人之间环境差别”，B项“他们恳求政府干预，拯救环境”，C项“他们知道环境对白人真正意味着什么”，这三项都不符合题意。

10.

Withrespecttogettingenvironmentaljustice,SummitⅡwasaimedfor______.A.showingtheachievedsuccessB.attractingnationalattentionC.identifyingrelevantissuesD.findingsolutionstotheproblems正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.”可知，第一次会议确认的很多问题没有被公布，所以，第二次会议召开了。所以C项符合题意。A项“展示所取得的成就”，B项“吸引国家的注意”，D项“找到解决问题的方法”，这三项在文中没有涉及相关的内容。

Theeraofdividedgovernmentbegins,inauspiciously.Willthepresidentbeabletoseethewoodforthesubpoenas?IsuspectthathoweverloyalcongressionalRepublicansappearinpublic,privatelytheyarewearyofMr.Trump'sintemperanceandunpredictability,andmaypressurehimastheshutdowndragson.

SomearguethatwhatMr.Trumpreallywantsisnotthewall,butthefightoverthewall.Afterall,ifhereallywantedhis$5bnhecouldnegotiateadealwithDemocratstogetit—perhapsbyagreeingtoprovidedreamers(undocumentedimmigrantsbroughttoAmericaaschildren)apathtocitizenship.Buthisbaseprizeshispugnacityaboveanyrealisticallyattainableconcreteachievement,andheseesattackingDemocratsasweakoncrimeandimmigrationasabetterstrategythancompromise.

"Wehavetheissue,BorderSecurity,"hecrowedonTwitter,twodaysafterChristmas.Hebelieves,notwithoutreason,thathishawkishviewsonimmigrationwonhimthepresidencyin2016,andremainhisstrongestsuit.Butthattheorywastestedin2018,whenRepublicancongressionalcandidatesaroundthecountryendedtheircampaignsbystokingfearsof,inMr.Trump'swords,"deathanddestructioncausedbypeoplewhoshouldn'tbehere."Leavingasidethefactthatimmigrantscommitcrimesatlowerratesthanthenative-born,thattacticfailed.Republicanslostmoreseatsinlastyear'smid-termsthaninanyelectionsinceWatergate.NowMs.PelosiisonceagainHouseSpeaker,andDemocratsarecommitteechairmenwithsubpoenapower.

Howtheywillusethatpowerwillquicklybecomeclear.Theyhavespentmonthspreparing.MattBennettofThirdWay,acentristDemocraticthink-tank,believesthecommitteeswill"firesubpoenaslikemachineguns...Therewillbefull-blowninvestigationsbythemiddleofJanuary."

ElijahCummings,theincomingchairoftheHouseOversightCommittee,hasalreadyrequestedinformationabout,amongotherthings,theuseofpersonalemailforgovernmentworkandpaymentstotheTrumpOrganisation.JerryNadler,whowillchairtheHouseJudiciaryCommittee,planstoholdhearingsontheadministration'sfamily-separationpolicyandRussianinterferencein2016.AdamSchiff,whowillheadtheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,wantstoinvestigateMr.Trump'sbusinessinterests.RichardNeal,whowillruntheHouseWaysandMeansCommittee,planstocompelthereleaseofMr.Trump'staxreturns.

Mr.Trump'sapprovalratingsremainstuckaround40%;unlikemostpresidents,hehasbarelytriedtoexpandhisappeal.Meanwhile,RobertMueller'sinvestigationisgrindinginexorablyforward.Thepresidentcannotaffordtolosehischeerleaders'supportnow,whichmayexplainhisrefusaltonegotiateoverthewall.Butthatneednotmeanpermanentgridlock.OnecanimagineDemocratsagreeingtomodestlyincreaseborder-securityfundingbeyond$1.6bn—enoughtoletMr.Trumpsaveface,claimvictoryandreopengovernment.Beyondthat,thepartiescouldspendthenexttwoyearsbattlingoverimmigrationwhilefindingcommongroundwheretheycan—oninfrastructure,forinstance,orprescription-drugpricing.

ForMr.Trump,personalrelationshipscansupersedepartisanpolicydisagreements.HeseemsgenuinelytorespectMs.Pelosi'stoughnessandaccomplishment.Healsoappearsfondofthecut-and-thrustwithMr.Schumer,afellowouter-boroughNewYorker.Buthispersonalisationofpoliticscutstheotherwaytoo.BillClintonwasabletoshrugoffRepublicaneffortstoimpeachhimasjustbusiness,whilekeepingfocusedonpolicygoals.Mr.Trump,afamouscounter-puncher,hasshownnosuchabilitytocompartmentalise.

(选自《经济学人》2019年1月5日)11.

Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat______.A.Mr.TrumpbelongstotheRepublicanPartyB.Mr.TrumpbelongstotheDemocraticPartyC.Mr.TrumpdragsontheshutdownD.Mr.TrumpmaypressuretheRepublicans正确答案：A[解析]推断题。第1段第3句提到：无论共和党人在公开场合表现得对他如何忠诚。这说明总统也是同一党派的人，因为在美国敌对党派往往会互相攻击，故正确答案为A。

12.

AccordingtoParagraph2,theDemocrats______.A.objectedtothefightoverthewallB.supportedthefundforthewallC.agreedtograntdreamerscitizenshipD.refusedtonegotiateadealwithMr.Trump正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第2段第2句，可知总统可以通过同意给予梦想来到美国的移民公民身份而与民主党达成协议，因此这正是民主党希望的，故正确答案为C。

13.

Theword"pugnacity"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.A.tenacityB.aggressivenessC.willingnessD.arrogance正确答案：B[解析]语义题。pugnacity意为“好斗，好战”，故正确答案为B(进攻性，挑衅)。

14.

Mr.Trumpbelievesthat______.A.immigrantscausedeathanddestructionintheUnitedStatesB.DemocratstakecompromiseasabetterstrategyC.immigrantscommitcrimesatlowerratesthanthenative-bornD.hewonthepresidencynotwithoutreason正确答案：A[解析]推断题。根据选项定位第3段，仔细比对后可知A与原文符合(移民会给美国造成破坏和死亡)，这也正是总统提出修筑隔离墙的理由，故正确答案为A。

15.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofMs.Pelosi?______A.ShewasonceHouseSpeaker.B.Sheisatoughwoman.C.SheisamemberoftheRepublicanParty.D.Sheisawomanofgreatsuccess.正确答案：C[解析]推断题。根据选项定位第4段和第7段，对比原文后可知，C与原文不符，因为第7段提到总统将私人关系看得比党派政见分歧更重，而他很尊重Ms.Pelosi，说明后者与总统不是同一党派，故正确答案为C。

16.

AccordingtoParagraph5,RichardNealwillforceMr.Trumpto______.A.returnhistaxesB.showhistaxreturnsC.gethistaxreturnsD.giveuphisreturntaxes正确答案：B[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第5段最后一句，此处release为“发布，公布”之意，故正确答案为B。

17.

Theword"gridlock"underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymeans______.A.gratificationB.congestionC.impasseD.perplexity正确答案：C[解析]语义题。gridlock意为“僵局”，故正确答案为C(僵局)。

18.

TheauthorseemstobelieveitpossibleforthetwopartiestoreachagreementsonallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.infrastructureB.prescription-drugpricingC.reopeninggovernmentD.immigration正确答案：D[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第6段第6句，结合第5句可知，作者认为只要民主党在修筑隔离墙的费用上稍作让步，总统即可接受，这样既保留了脸面，又可重启政府。而在今后两年，两党可以继续在移民问题上作斗争，同时在基础设施、处方药定价等问题上达成共识。故正确答案为D，移民问题上暂时难以达成一致。

19.

Intheauthor'sopinion,BillClinton'sadvantagewashisabilityto______.A.keepfocusedonpolicygoalsB.shrugoffRepublicaneffortstoimpeachhimC.keepthingsapartD.takepoliticspersonal正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位最后一段第5句，克林顿能够将共和党对他的弹劾看作仅仅是例行公事，但同时又致力于实现政策目标，即作者认为克林顿能够将事务区别对待，这一点要胜过特朗普，故正确答案为C。

20.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Trumpisoneof______.A.indifferenceB.disappointmentC.supportD.optimism正确答案：B[解析]态度题。最后一段作者将特朗普总统与前总统比尔·克林顿做了比较，认为后者能以大局为重，而前者擅长以牙还牙，特朗普在大局观上不如克林顿，故正确答案为B(失望)。

Zimbabwe'sbankingsectorhasbeenhitwithmassivewithdrawalsbyrisk-loathingdepositorsoverthepastfivemonths,withbankingsectorsourcesindicatingthatreportsofareturnofthedomesticcurrencyhavefurtherunsettledbankcustomers.TheZimbabwedollarwasbanishedfromcirculationin2009tostemahyperinflationarycrisisthatplungedtheeconomyintoanunprecedentedcatastrophecharacterizedbycommodityshortages.

AsourcefromonetopbanksaidsinceDecemberlastyear,mostbusinesseshavebeentransactingincashandavoidingthebankingsector.Hesaidthisislikelytohaveresultedinanoverallshrinkageindepositlevelswithinthebankingsector."IhavenotnoticedanypanicwithdrawalsasaresultofreportsofaZimbabwedollarreturn,butsinceDecember,manypeoplehavebeenpreferringcashtransactionsandavoidingbanks,"saidthesource.

TotalbankingsectordepositsamountedtoUS$473billionasatDecember31,2013,accordingtolateststatisticsfromtheReserveBankofZimbabwe(RBZ).ThiswasanincreasefromdepositlevelsofUS$384billioninJune2013.Depositshavesincetheadoptionofahardcurrencyeconomygrownslowlyduetoacombinationoffactors.Thesefactorsincludelowdepositratesbeingofferedbybanks,whichtheRBZsayshaveconspiredwithhighbankchargestomilitateagainsteffortsgearedatbroadeningthecountry'sdepositbase.

Anaccelerationofdepositwithdrawalsislikelytoworsenaliquiditycrunchinacountrydesperateforcashtoreviveaneconomybackinintensivecareafterstabilisingbrieflywhengovernmentadoptedahardcurrencyregime.Anotherbankingsectorsourcesaidliquidityinthebankingsectorwas"graduallythinning."HesuggestedthatthiscouldhavesomethingtodowithreportsoftheZimbabwedollar'sresurgence.

PanicoverthecomebackoftheZimbabwedollarwouldberegardlessofassurancesfromgovernmentthatitwouldnotbringbackthelocalcurrencyintocirculationsoon,despitealiquiditycrunchcertaintoimpedegovernmentbusinessunlessarescuepackageissecured.Anotherbankingsectorsourcesaiddepositswereplummetingduetosignificantwithdrawallevelsbythecorporatesector.21.

After2009,thedomesticcurrencyinZimbabwehas______.A.appreciatedB.depreciatedC.beendumpedD.beenintroduced正确答案：C

22.

ThedepositruninZimbabweisassociatedwith______.A.depositors'speculationonthepossiblebankruptcyofthelocalbanksB.depositors'speculationonthepossiblereturnofthelocalcurrencyC.depositors'fearofahyperinflationarycrisisD.depositors'fearofcommodityshortages正确答案：B

23.

Accordingtoasourcefromonetopbank,people'spreferenceforcashtransactionsmayhaveledto______.A.thedeclineintotalbankdepositsB.themassivewithdrawalsfromZimbabwebanksC.theadoptionofamulti-currencyregimeD.theadoptionofahardcurrencyeconomy正确答案：A

24.

Zimbabwebankssaw______indepositsinthelatterhalfof2013.A.significantgrowthB.slowgrowthC.significantdeclineD.slowdecline正确答案：B

25.

Thephrase"militateagainst"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ameliorateB.deteriorateC.launchanattackagainstD.conflictwith正确答案：D

26.

Thepossibleconsequencesofadepositruncouldbe______.A.ahighinterestrateB.highbankchargesC.thecountry'sbroadeningdepositbaseD.ashortsupplyofcashresources正确答案：D

27.

Accordingtothepassage,thegovernmentofZimbabwe______.A.iscontemplatingtobringbacktheZimbabwedollarintotheeconomyB.pledgedtosticktothecurrenthardcurrencyregimeC.pledgedtoprotectgovernmentbusinessD.pledgedtolauncharescuepackage正确答案：B

28.

Thephrase"impede"underlinedinParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.A.hinderB.impactC.cooldownD.slowdown正确答案：A

29.

Thepassageindicatesthat______contributedthemosttothedramaticdropindeposits.A.individualsB.businessesC.thegovernmentD.thebanks正确答案：B

30.

WhichofthefollowingstatementCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?______A.Localcurrencywasrenderedworthlessbyhyper-inflationin2009.B.Theintroductionofthehardcurrencysystemin2009gaveZimbabweashortperiodofeconomicstability.C.Somedepositorswithdrewtheirmoneyduetotheterminationofthehardcurrencyregime.D.Thedeclineindepositsislikelytobetemporaryifauthoritiesprovidecredibleguaranteesofthecontinuedexistenceofthehardcurrencyregime正确答案：C

OntheInternet,adsarearealproblem.They'reaproblemforus,thepeople,andnotjustbecausetheyclutterupourWebpages,theyalsocostusmoney(inmobiledatacharges),batterylifeandtime.

Surprisingly,they'realsoaproblemforadvertisersandwebsites.Suddenlythepopularityofad-blockingsoftwarehasreachedatippingpoint.AccordingtoastudybyAdobeandPageFair(whichoffersanti-ad-blockingservices),41percentofadultsyoungerthan30usetheseblockers.Overall,ad-blockerinstallationsareup48percentinayear—andthatwasbeforeApplebeganapprovingad-blockingappsfortheiPhoneandiPadlastSeptember,markingadblockinghascometothemobileworldforthefirsttimeinahugeway.

Thethingis,mostofthosefreearticles,videosandservicesyouenjoyarebroughttoyoubytheadvertising.Ifyou'renotseeingtheads,thenthecentralfinancialtransactionoftheonlinecontenteconomycollapses.Whatthen?

Somewebsitesappealtovisitorsdirectly,askingyoutoviewtheads.LastsummerWired.com'shomepagesaid,"Pleasedousafavoranddisableyouradblocker."Othersitessimplyturnyouawayifyouhaveanadblockerinstalled.ThesitesforleadingUKbroadcastersChannel4andITVpresentadarkscreen.

Enterad-blocker-blockingtechnology—Websoftwarethattriestofooltheadblockerssothattheadsappeardespiteyourblocker.Somecompaniesthatoperateadblockersevenacceptmoneyfromlargeadvertisers,althoughtheydenygivingadsfromthosecompanies'specialtreatment.

Butthesetacticstreatthepublicastheenemy.Theycreateatechnologyarmsrace."Youwillseeourads,likeitornot!"

Advertisingexecutivesmaytellyouthatonesolutionmaybenativeadvertising:adsdressedupasarticles.They'redisplayedasactualstoriesorvideosratherthansplashyads,sotheypassthroughadblockers.Thesecanleadtosomemurkyterritory,however,blurringthelinebetweentraditionalcontentandcontentaimingtosellyousomething.

Sotechutopianslikemewonderwhytheanswerisn'tmicropayments.Youknow,insteadoflookingatads,you'reautomaticallybilledafewcentsforeacharticleyoureadorvideoyouwatch.Unfortunately,inthelate1990sandearly2000sabunchofcompaniestriedtoinventmicropaymentsystems;allofthemfailed.

Tofindoutwhy,ItrackeddowntheCEOsofsomeofthestartupswhohaveallmovedontootherendeavors."Micropaymentssoundgreatonpaper,"formerBitPassCEODouglasKnoppertoldme."Butinpractice,theyrequirefourthingsfortheconsumerthatarehardtopulloff:simplicity,ubiquity,security—andithastobefree.Theeconomicstotheretailerdon'twork,becausetherearetoomanymiddlemen—creditcardprocessors,etc.Sountilsomeonefiguresouthowtocrackthecode...micropaymentsaren'tgoingtogetanytraction."

Thetimingwaswrong,too.CharlesCohen,founderoffailedmicropaymentcompanyBeenz,toldmethattheseeffortsmostlydied"becausethedot-cornbubbleburst,andmostofthecompanieswhowereacceptingandissuingourmicrocurrencywentupinapuffofsmoke."

Somicropaymentsmayfaceanuphillbattle,buttherearen'tanyscreaminglyobviousreasonswhytheycouldn'tworknow.ItseemsWebcompanieswouldbehappytogetoutofthead-blockingarmsrace,whileWebusers,well,wewouldn'tmindpayingafewcentshereandtheretoneverencounteranotherintrusivebanneradorslow-to-loadvideoad.31.

Onlineadsareanuisanceforpeoplebecause______.A.websitesarefullofadsB.loadingadstakestimeC.theypaymoneyformakingadsD.adsslowdownnetworkspeed正确答案：B[解析]细节题。第1段第2句指出，网上广告让我们困扰的原因有四点，一方面广告会把网页弄得乱七八糟，另一方面加载广告会因消耗移动流量而费钱(costourmoney)，损耗电池寿命(batterylife)而且浪费我们的时间(time)。故选B(加载广告消耗时间)。注意选项A与文中提及的clutterupourWebpages表述相似，容易误选。应辨析两种表达的差异。根据词典的释义：befullof意为“containingasmuchorasmanythingsorpeopleaspossible,sothereisnospaceleft”。据此可知，A更强调网页被广告充满了，已经没有空间展示其他内容。clutterup意为“tocoverorfillaspaceorroomwithtoomanythings,sothatitlooksveryuntidy”。强调堆得乱七八糟，让网页页面显得很不整洁。言下之意，广告影响了网页的视觉效果，但没有影响网页的内容呈现。因此排除选项A。选项C试图用paymoneyfor...吸引考生视线，与后文作者倡议的付费消除广告混淆。

32.

WecanlearnfromParagraph2that______.A.advertisersareagainstad-blockersB.mostadultsutilizead-blockersC.ad-blockersarewelcomedbycompaniesD.therateofinstallingad-blockersisrising正确答案：D[解析]推断题。第2段第4句明确指出广告拦截软件的安装总量在一年中己然增长了48%。故选D(广告拦截软件的安装率在上升)。41%的30岁以下的成年人使用这些拦截软件，并不是大部分的成年人，故排除B。

33.

Blockingonlineadswillhaveaneffecton______.A.theavailabilityoffreeservicesB.theeconomyofthecountryC.thetransactionofbusinessesD.theinstallationofapps正确答案：C[解析]细节题。第3段第1句提到广告