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翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟26ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Thesoldierwasofrunningawayw(江南博哥)hentheenemy______.A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished正确答案:C[解析]beaccusedof为一固定搭配,意为“被指控”,scold和punish通常和for搭配。charge的搭配词为with.

2.

UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and______,withanenormousblackmustache.A.necklessB.necklaceC.recklessD.rackless正确答案:A[解析]形近识别。

neckless胖的没脖子的;necklace项链;reckless鲁莽的;rackless没支架的。

3.

Thestatesmanwasevidently______thejournalist'squestionsandglaredathimforafewseconds.A.putdownB.putoutC.putacrossD.putaway正确答案:B[解析]本句意为“政治家显然被记者问烦了,带着怒意盯着记者过了好几秒钟”。“putout打扰,麻烦”符合句意。其他三项“putdown放下,拒绝,镇压;putacross圆满完成,使被接受;putaway放好,处理掉,放弃”都不正确。

4.

Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正确答案:D[解析]固定用法。

the+比较级,the+比较级。

5.

Moreandmorepeoplethesedaysareclamoringforfull-bodyplasticsurgerypopularityintheworld.A.toattainB.tosustainC.gainingD.obtaining正确答案:C[解析]形近识别

A.toattain达到,获得;B.tosustain支撑,维持,持续;C.gaining得到,增进,赚到,增加;D.obtaining获得,得到;此句意为:如今世上有越来越多的人叫嚷着要做全身整形来提高自己的知名度。因此C为答案。

6.

Ifaneedleisthrown______onasheetofpaperruledwithlines,howoftencanitbeexpectedtofallonaline?A.onpurposeB.withaccuracyC.atrandomD.accordingtoone'sownwill正确答案:C[解析]习语搭配

A.onpurpose故意;B.withaccuracy正确地;C.atrandom随意地;D.accordingtOone'sownwill按照某人自己的意愿;而本句意为:如果把一个针______扔在一张用尺子画上许多条线的纸上,那么这个针正落在一条线上的机率是多大?既然是问概率,那么应是随机地去做某事;因此答案应为C。

7.

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,he______everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.A.accusedB.chargedC.criticizedD.blamed正确答案:D[解析]近义辨析。

blame责备,谴责,归咎:Theyblamedtheriseinoilpricesforthebigincreaseininflation.他们把通货膨胀大幅度增长归咎于石油价格的上涨。accuse控告,谴责,非难:Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。charge控诉,告诫,指示:Hewaschargedwithstealingacar.他被指控偷了一辆汽车。criticize批评,责备:Hispolicieswereseverelycriticized.他的政策受到了严厉批评。

8.

Ionlyknowthemanby______butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience正确答案:C[解析]四个词均可与by连用。其中,bychance表示“偶然地,意外地”;byheart指“熟记”;knowsb.bysight.意为“见过面,面熟,仅熟悉”;by/fromexperience是指“凭经验,从经验中”。从后半句看,显然C项符合要求。

9.

Nowasinglecellphoneisabletostorealarge______ofinformationaboutanindividuallife.A.dealB.numberC.amountD.account正确答案:C[解析]

习语搭配。

anamountof大量;一些(后跟不可数名词):Hercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy.她的案件博得了无数公众的同情。giveanaccountof描述:Shegaveathrillingaccountofherlifeinthejungle.她绘声绘色地描述了自己在丛林中的生活。anumberof大量;若干(后跟可数名词):Anumberofwell.qualifiedpeoplehaverecentlyleftthecompany.一些非常称职的人已在最近离开了这家公司。

10.

Thepatientsayshedreads______neighborstocarryhimandhiswheelchairupthestairstohistenth-floorapartmentwhentheelevatorgoesout.A.askingB.toaskC.beingaskedD.tobeasked正确答案:A[解析]结构识别

dread在此表示:惧怕,担心;因表示这个病人时常担心的事,又根据主句时态,应用一般现在时;此外在dread的后面既可带现在分词形式,也可带不定式形式作宾语;现在分词表示已经发生的动作,不定式表示要发生的动作;本句表达的是已发生的事,因此应用现在分词;所以选项A为答案。

11.

His______behaviormadeeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent正确答案:C[解析]形近识别

A.oblivious遗忘的,健忘的;B.observant深切注意的;C.obsequious谄媚的,奉承的,逢迎的,卑躬的;D.obsolescent荒废的;因此C为答案。

12.

Hewasfined$5,000bycityregulatorsforgivingmoneytoaninspector,anincidenthelaterdescribedas______.A.extentB.extinctionC.extortionD.extravagance正确答案:C[解析]形近识别

A.extent广度,范围;B.extinction消失,灭绝;C.extortion勒索,敲诈,强取;D.extravagance奢侈,铺张,过度,放纵的言行;因表示:由于塞钱给一个检察员,他被城管人员罚了5000美金,后来他将之称为敲诈,因此C为答案。

13.

I'lljust______aneyeoverthesefiguresbeforeyoutypethem.A.tossB.castC.flingD.throw正确答案:B[解析]近义辨析。

这四个词都指“投,抛,掷”。cast指转向或引向:Alleyeswerecastuponthespeaker.所有目光皆投注在说话者身上。toss:指以迅猛的速度突然移动或抬起(头):tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance在轻盈活泼的舞步中抬起他们的头。fling指摆动(身体一部分):Sheflungbackherheadproudly.她傲气地把头一扬。throw指发出,投射:Shethrewmealookofencouragement.她向我投来鼓励的目光。

14.

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone'slifeonthebattlefieldis______.A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous正确答案:B[解析]形容词辨析

A.glorious光荣的,显赫的;B.futile琐细的,无用的,无效果的;C.heroic英雄的,英勇的;D.courageous勇敢的,有胆量的;而本句意为:许多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢和毫无必要的。对他们而言,在战场上牺牲生命是______。根据上下文的语境,B为答案。

15.

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould______themostoftheopportunitiesathand.A.obtainB.graspC.catchD.make正确答案:D[解析]makethemostof是习惯用法,表示“尽量利用,充分利用”。如:Wemustmakethemostofit.我们必须充分利用它。

16.

Hewascompletely______byhertaleofhardship.A.takenawayB.takendownC.takeninD.takenup正确答案:C[解析]习语辨析。

takein欺骗;吸收:Hewasnicelytakenin.他被骗得团团转。takeaway带走,拿走:Thesebooksarenottobetakenaway.这些书不准拿走。takedown记下来:Themotorist'snameandaddressweretakendownbythepoliceman.汽车驾驶人的姓名和地址被警察记下了。takeup开始从事:I’mnotverygoodatFrench,Ionlytookituprecently.我的法语不太好,最近才开始学。

17.

Ifwecan______anykindofkillinginthenameofreligion,thedoorisopenedforallkindsofotherjustifications.A.purifyB.satisfyC.justifyD.verify正确答案:C

18.

Anoverwhelmingrichnessofvegetationmayhavecausedthelevelofoxygen,toriseabovetoday's______,withacorrespondingdepletionofcarbondioxide.A.concentrationB.saturationC.satiationD.plenitude正确答案:A[解析]名词辨析

A.concentration集中,浓缩,浓度;B.saturation饱和,饱和度;C.satiation饱食,饱满,厌腻;D.plenitude充分;因此A为答案。

19.

Mymothersaysateachingmachinehastobe______tofitthemindofeachboyandgirlitteachesandthateachkidhastobetaughtdifferently.A.modifiedB.consideredC.adjustedD.remanufactured正确答案:C

20.

Themanagerjust______hisresignationtotheboardmeetingyesterdayandtodayanotheronetookhisplace.A.sentupB.sentoffC.sentoutD.sentin正确答案:D[解析]本题的四个选项是由send为中心词构成的动词短语。A项的意思是“上升”,B项意为“邮寄;送别”,C项为“送货;发函”,D项为“呈送,提交”。根据句子的意思,D为正确答案。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Foralongtimeinthatvastregion,thislawwasinabeyance.A.activeuseB.doubtC.discussionD.disuse正确答案:D[解析]短语辨析。

inabeyance:处于暂时终止(或搁置)状态:Thequestionisinabeyance.这个问题暂时搁议。indoubt不肯定的,怀疑的:Hewasindoubtastowhetherheshouldacceptthepost.他对是否应接受这一职务拿不定主意。disuse不用,废止:rustyfromdisuse因弃置不用而生锈。

2.

InancientEgyptianpaintings,royalfiguresweredifferentiatedbymakingthemseveraltimeslargerthanothers.A.distinguishedB.estrangedC.deferredD.enlarged正确答案:A[解析]本题中,differentiate的意思是“区别,区分”。四个选项中,distinguish的意思是“区别,辨别”,如:Canyoudistinguishthedifferentmusicalinstrumentsplayingnow?(你能区分出正在演奏的各种不同的乐器吗?)estrange的意思是“疏远”;defer的意思是“推迟,延期”;enlarge的意思是“扩大,放大”。只有A项符合题意。

3.

Thefutilityoftheprogramresultedfrompoorplanning.A.possiblefailureinthefutureB.ineffectivenessanduselessnessC.blindnesstoitsmistakesD.potentialdisaster正确答案:B[解析]名词辨析。

futility无效,无用;ineffectivenessanduselessness无效及无用;possiblefailureinthefuture将来可能的失败;blindnesstoitsmistakes对错误熟视无睹;potentialdisaster潜在的灾难。

4.

ItisreportedthatthelatestoutbreakofthebirdfluinPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStateshaspromptedChinatoslapabanonpoultryimportsfromthestate.A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts正确答案:D[解析]本题意为“据报道,最近美国宾夕法利亚洲爆发的禽流感促使中国很快下令禁止从该地区进口家禽类食品”。poultry的意思是“家禽类食品”;D项的“avianproducts鸟类食品”符合题意。其他三项“marineproducts海产食品;dairyproducts乳制食品;industrialproducts工业产品”都不正确。

5.

TheancientJewishpeopleregardedthemselvesasthesaltoftheearth,thechosenfewbyGodtoruletheworld.A.outcastB.eliteC.nomadD.disciple正确答案:B[解析]结构识别。

saltoftheearth社会中坚,高尚的人。句中“thechosenfewbyGodtoruletheworld(上帝选来统治世界的少数人)”作“saltoftheearth”的同位语,用来解释“saltoftheearth”。elite[集合名词]精华,精锐,中坚分子:theeliteofsociety社会名流。outcast被驱逐者,流浪者,流氓;nomad游牧部落的人,流浪者,游牧民;disciple信徒,弟子,门徒。

6.

ThetradefairisdesignedtofacilitatefurthercooperationbetweenChineseautoindustriesandoverseasautoindustries.A.promoteB.protectC.preserveD.prolong正确答案:A[解析]本题意为“本次交易会旨在促进中国汽车行业和海外汽车行业的进一步合作”。promote意为“促进,提升”,如:commercialspromotinganewproduct.(促进新产品销售的商业广告)。protect意为“保护”;preserve意为“维持,维护”;prolong意为“延长,拖延”。只有A为正确答案。

7.

HismajortaskistointegratetheworkofVariousbureausundertheministry.A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond正确答案:C[解析]本题中,integrate意思是“使完整,使成一体”。四个选项中,coordinate意思是“使协调,调整”,如:Oureffortsneedtobefurthercoordinatedforhigherefficiency.(为了获得更高的效率我们的工作需要进一步协调)。organize意思是“组织,安排”;correspond意思是“符合,通信”;respond意思是“回答,响应”。只有C符合题意。

8.

Carefultestingisnecessarybeforeanymoreexperimentscancontinuewiththeexploringsubmarine.A.needfulB.inneedofC.necessityD.ofnecessity正确答案:D[解析]近义词辨析

necessary必要的,必需的,必然的;而A.needful必要的,需要的;B.inneedof需要;C.necessity必要性,需要,必需品;D.ofnecessity必要性,需要,必需品;尽管几个词都有“必要”之意,但用法不同:benecessary是指某事(物)是必要的;needful主要指“必须的,需要的”,例:todowhatisneedful做必须做的事;有时它有necessary之意,如:needfulexpenditure必要的支出;inneedof指某人或某事由于处在困境而需要帮助、建议、金钱等,例:Thisprojectisinurgentneedoffunding.这个项目急需资金;necessity是名词,表“必要性,必需品”,例:Waterisanecessityoflife.水是生命必不可少的(在此不定冠词a不能省略)。Foodandclothingarenecessitiesoflife.食物和衣服都是生活的必需品。而beofnecessity的作用即是necessary;类似的用法有很多,如:beofimportance=beimportant;因此D为答案。

9.

Theremusthavebeensomeonewhohasinstigatedarebellionbecausethepeoplearesowellorganized.A.incitedB.tamperedC.intrudedD.meddled正确答案:A[解析]动词辨析

instigated表:鼓动;A.incited激动,煽动;B.tampered干预,玩弄,贿赂,损害,削弱,篡改;C.intruded;闯入,侵入,把(自己的思想)强加于人;D.meddled管闲事;因此A为答案。

10.

The20th-centurypoemsuggeststosomethingwehavebeenabletofindnothingabout.A.alludesB.avoidsC.allegesD.alerts正确答案:A[解析]动词辨析

suggests建议,提出,使想起,暗示;而A.alludes暗指,影射,间接提到;B.avoids避免,消除;C.alleges宣称,断言;D.alerts警告,因此A为答案。

11.

Forthelastfewdecades,theJapaneseconceptofagoodlifewasdefinedbynarrowparameters:childrenwouldstudyhard,attendthebestuniversitypossible,andjoinabigcompanyasa"salaryman"orasan"officelady."A.capacitorsB.parachutesC.parallelsD.considerations正确答案:D[解析]名词辨析

parameter表:参数,起限定作用的因素,特征;A.capacitors电容器;B.parachutes降落伞;C.parallels平行线/面,类似的事,相似之处;D.considerations考虑,考虑因素,体贴,补偿;因此D为答案。

12.

Generalacceptanceof3-Dfilmsmayprovehardtocomeby,astheexperienceofthreedecadesagoindicated.A.obtainB.explainC.understandD.discern正确答案:A[解析]本题中,comeby的意思是“来临,达到”。四个选项中,obtain的意思是“达到,得到”,如:HeobtainedaknowledgeofLatin.(他学会了拉丁文)。explain的意思是“解释,说明”;understand的意思是“懂,了解”;discern的意思是“目睹,认识”。只有A项符合题意。

13.

Theincidenceofthisdiseasehasbeengreatlyreducedthankstoourhealthcareprogram.A.seriousnessB.frequencyofoccurrenceC.mortalityD.curerate正确答案:B[解析]本题中,incidence的意思是“发生(率);影响;影响的方式[范围,程度]”。四个选项中,frequencyofoccurrence的意思是“发生频率”;seriousness的意思是“严肃,认真”;mortality的意思是“死亡率”;curerate的意思是“治愈率”。只有B项符合题意。

14.

Thisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticness正确答案:B[解析]名词辨析。

reluctance勉强,不情愿;powerfulness强壮、强大;unwillingness不情愿;renaissance再生,新生:Folkmusicisnowenjoyingarenaissance.民问音乐现在又时兴起来了。apologeticness道歉,辩解。

15.

Weregretbeingunabletoentertainyourrequestforprovidingfreeboardingto15sportsmenfortwoweeks.A.receiveB.complyC.coincideD.consider正确答案:D[解析]动词辨析。

entertain容纳,接受(请求等),愿意考虑:entertainaproposal准备考虑一个建议。consider考虑,照顾,认为:Iamconsideringgoingabroad.我正在考虑出国。receive收到,接到,接待:Didyoureceiveanyletterstoday?你今天收到信了吗?comply(不及物动词)顺从,答应,遵守:Hereadilycompliedwithmyrequest,他欣然同意我的要求。coincide(不及物动词)一致,符合:Myideascoincidewithhis.我的想法与他的一致。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Fewpleasurescanequalsuchofacooldrinkonahotday.A.thisB.allthisC.thatD.allthat正确答案:C[解析]代词应用。

句中划线部分应该是代词来替代前面提到的pleasure。that和those若跟有介词短语,可用来代表前面提到的东西,以避免重复,等于“the+前面那个名词”。

2.

Allinall,itisnowbeyonddoubtthatinsizeandscopetherapidglobalspreadofthehabittowearjeans,howeveritmaybeexplained,isanaccidentwithoutprecedentinthehistoryofhumanattire.A.ofwearing...incidentB.wearing...eventC.ofwearing...eventD.tobewearing...incident正确答案:C[解析]“穿……的习惯”应用thehabitofwearing...;incident和event都表示“事件”,但incident常用来表示一个不平常、重要的或激烈的事件;而event常用来表示某事的发生是有趣、令人振奋、或不平常、重要的。例:Aspokesmansaiditwasanisolatedincident.发言人说这只是一个孤立的事件。Oneofthemostimportanteventsinthehistoryofmankind.人类历史上最重要的事件之一。因此答案为C。

3.

TheaffluentmiddleclasscreatedbytheAsianboomnowtakeupoverfromexportsasthemainengineofgrowth.A.takeoverfromexportsB.takefromexportsC.takeexportsD.takesexports正确答案:D[解析]

习惯搭配。

takesth.assth.(以某种方式)理解或解释某事:Shetookwhathesaidasacompliment.她把他的话看做是恭维话。themiddleclass是集合名词,后接动词的单数形式。

4.

Toweakenthedamageforearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.A.relieveB.deductC.minimizeD.rid正确答案:C[解析]weaken削弱,(使)变弱;Arelieve减轻,接触,援救;B.deduct,扣除,演绎;C.minimize将……减到最少;D.rid(与of连用)摆脱;除去;例:toridthetownofrats消灭城里的老鼠;因此C为答案。

5.

Manystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.didnotbecausetheysaytheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon'tC.didnotbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon't正确答案:C[解析]

时态应用。

B和D的“wereagainst”与“agreed”不平行,所以是错误的。A中的“say”与整句的时态不一致。在一个句中,如果动词重复使用时,可用助动词,省掉动词。所以正确答案应是C。

6.

Itisamarketwhichsalesvaluemightbemorethan10billionyuan.A.amarketwithasalesvaluethatmightbeB.amarketwhichmightbesalesvalueC.amarketwithsalevaluemightbeD.marketwithsalesmightbeavalue正确答案:A[解析]结构应用。

本句应用with短语修饰market,that引导定语从句修饰先行词salesvalue,而salesvalue是从句中的主语。

7.

Whenherealizedhehadbeensuggestedtosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced正确答案:D[解析]本题考查动词辨析。本句意为“当他意识到自己是受到蒙蔽才签这份合同时,就威胁说要诉诸法律来终止这份协议”。而elicited“引出”;excited“激动;唤起”;deduced“推断”;induced“引诱”,所以,答案是D。

8.

YesterdayImetJerryonWangfujingStreetandfoundhisbikewasthesamebrandthatofmine.A.asthatB.likethatC.asifthatD.likeit正确答案:A[解析]本句是比较级的应用:thesame+名词+as+名词/代词是同级比较;另外,被比较的两个事物应该是同等成分,为了避免重复,往往使用that来代替前面已提及的名词(复数用those代替),因此本句应用thatofmine(指thebrandofmine),选项A为答案。

9.

Theproject,whichwillbeaccomplishedbytheendof2008,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocoveronemillionusers.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.havingbeenaccomplishedD.tobeaccomplished正确答案:D[解析]结构应用

原句中which引导的非限定性定语从句不能和bytheendof2008连用,四个选项中只有动词不定式可表将来,如果不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生,要用一般式;且不定式的逻辑主语在此是不定式所表示动作的承受者,因此要用被动式;因此D为答案。

10.

Thehousewassituatedonahilloverthevillage.A.abovethevillageB.beyondthevillageC.underthevillageD.withinthevillage正确答案:A[解析]此句意为:那所房屋坐落在村庄上方的一山坡上。beyond和within都没有“在……上方”之意;而over和above均有“在……上面,在……之上”之意,但above一般笼统地“指在……上方”,两者之间一般不相互接触,强调一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高;反义词为below。例如:Hishouseisabovemineonthehill.他的房子在山坡上,位置高于我的房子。而over表示“在……正上方”,指一个物体在另一个物体的垂直上方,两者之间一般不相互接触,反义词为under。例如:Theirofficeisrightoverours.他们的办公室就在我们的办公室上面。因此A为答案。

11.

ThebeliefisthelegendarylostcontinentofAtlantismaysomedaybefound.A.ItisbelievedthatB.ItisbelievingthatC.ThebeliefthatD.Thatbeliefis正确答案:A[解析]结构应用。

Itisbelievedthat…人们普遍相信/认为……

12.

Inordertoearnmoneyforhisfamily,itisnecessaryforhimtogetajob.A.itisnecessarytogetajobB.itisnecessarytofindajobC.hemustgetajobD.ajobmustbefound正确答案:C[解析]本句要注意主语与状语的逻辑主语保持一致;因状语的逻辑主语是he,所以主语也应为he;C为答案。

13.

I'mratherconcernedhowhewilltakeinhisschool.A.takeonB.takeupC.takeoffD.taketo正确答案:D[解析]习惯搭配。

taketo喜爱,亲近;Twokeenmindsthattheyare,theytooktoeachother.越敏锐的两颗心,越容易互相吸引。takeon从事,开始对付:tookonextraresponsibilities担负了额外的责任。takeoff放开,离开:tookthebrakeoff开闸。

14.

Hedidn'ttoreturnearlierthan3o'clock.A.wasnotexpectedB.didnotexpectC.wasexpectednotD.wasnotexpecting正确答案:A[解析]本句意为:别指望他三点前会回来。因是对过去的预期,应用过去时;He在此作主语,应用被动语态;因此答案为A。

15.

Thegovernmenthashardlytakenmeasurestocrackdownonthesecrimeswhennewonesoccurred.A.HardlyhadthegovernmenttakenB.ThegovernmenthadhardlytakenC.HardlythegovernmenthadtakenD.Thegovernmentishardlytaking正确答案:A[解析]本句考查的是倒装句的使用,hardly放在句首时,要求句子部分倒装;因此A为答案。

ⅡReadingComprehension

ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmeanthattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.Infact,moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.

TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.

AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,000ormore.

Atthepresenttime,theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation.Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.Oneofthemostobviousmegapolisesincludesachainofhundredsofcitiesandsuburbsacross10statesontheEastCoastfromMassachusettstoVirginia,includingBoston,NewYork,andWashington,D.C.IntheEasternCorridor,asitiscalled,apopulationof45millioninhabitantsisconcentrated.AnothermegapolisthatisgrowingrapidlyistheCaliforniacoastfromSanFranciscothroughLosAngelestoSanDiego.1.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MetropolitanStatisticalAreasB.TypesofPopulationCentersC.TheBureauoftheCensusD.Megapolises正确答案:B[解析]

主旨题型。

A和D都是文章叙述的一部分,C是进行统计的机构,因而应选B。

2.

Accordingtothepassage,wheredomostAmericanslive?A.Inthecenterofcities.B.Inthesuburbssurroundinglargecities.C.Inruralareas.D.Insmalltowns.正确答案:B[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第一段的第二句话...moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.metropolitan的意思是“大城市的”。

3.

Theunderlinedword"reside"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fillB.decideC.occupyD.live正确答案:D[解析]词义题型。

reside居住:resideabroad定居国外。

4.

AccordingtotheBureauoftheCensus,whatisanurbanarea?A.Achainofadjacentcities.B.Anareawithatleast50,000people.C.The18largestcities.D.Anareawith2,500peopleormore.正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第二段TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs。

5.

WhichofthefollowingareNOTconsideredimportantindefininganurbanarea?A.Politicalboundaries.B.Transportationnetworks.C.Socialrelationships.D.Economicsystems.正确答案:A[解析]细节题型。

根据第三段第一句话AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.lesssignificant不太重要。

6.

Theunderlinedword"integrate"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.benefitB.defineC.uniteD.restrict正确答案:C[解析]词义题型。

integrate使成整体,使一体化:Thebuildingandthelandscapearewellintegrated.这些建筑物和周围的自然景物相融合,浑然一体。unite联合,团结:Weshoulduniteinfightingpovertyanddisease.我们应该团结起来为消除贫困和疾病而斗争。

7.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AnintegratedmetropolisisanMSA.B.MSAstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.C.Ametropolisincludesatleastametropolitan.D.AnMSAreferstocityanditssuburbs,withover50,000people.正确答案:C[解析]是非题型。

根据第三段第二、三句ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,...Ingeneral,anMSAis...得知,A、B、D三项在文中一一提到,因此,只有C项是不正确的。

8.

Theunderlinedword"adjacent"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.besideeachotherB.growingveryfastC.thesamesizeD.denselypopulated正确答案:A[解析]词义题型。

adjacent邻近的,接近的:adjacentcities相邻的城市。选项A的意思是“互相挨着”,因此,与adjacent相近。

9.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisamegapolis?A.Oneofthe10largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.B.Oneofthe18largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.C.Oneofthel00citiesbetweenBostonandWashington.D.Anynumberofcontinuousadjacentcitiesandsuburbs.正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第四段第二句Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.

10.

WhydoestheauthormentiontheEasternCorridorandtheCaliforniacoastinParagraph4?A.Asexamplesofmegapolises.B.Because75percentofthepopulationlivesthere.C.Toconcludethepassage.D.TheBureauoftheCensusislocatedthere.正确答案:A[解析]细节题型。

根据第四段的theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation,即75%的人住在MSA,但不单是theEasternCorridor,Californiacoast地区,因而排除B。第四段是对megapolis的介绍,不是对文章的总结,排除C。选项D的内容没有在文中提到。

Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses,plannedorunplanned,bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.Withoutdeviantbehaviortherewouldnotbeneedforsocialcontrolandwithoutsocialcontroltherewouldnotbeawayofrecognizingtheboundarybetweentheacceptableandtheunacceptable.

Socialcontrolmaybeeitherformalorinformal.Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.

Socialcontrol,whetherformalorinformal,hasadualfunction.First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaff'irmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.11.

Socialcontrolreferstoprocessesbywhich______.A.normsaredevelopedB.normsareenforcedC.peopleareeducatedandtrainedD.peoplearerewardedandpunished正确答案:B[解析]

细节题型。

根据开篇第一句Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses...bywhichpeoplearetaught,

persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.(社会约束就是教育、劝导、强迫人们服从社会准则的过程)可得知答案。选项B中enforce是强迫人服从(法律),因此,forcedtoconformtonorms等于normsareenforced。

12.

Everysocietyhasitsown______.A.plannedsystemsB.controllednormsC.recognizedboundaryD.establishedsanctions正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第一段第二句Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.

13.

InformalmechanismsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.ahighlevelofinterestinensuringconformityB.expressionofdisapprovalbysignificantothersC.withholdingofpositiverewardsforthedeviantsD.people'sinternalizationofnormsinsocialization正确答案:A[解析]细节题型。

从第二段第二句Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.我们可以排除B、C两项。根据第三句Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.的信息可判断D项不是正确答案。第五句Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.我们可知本句前面的内容指的都是informal的内容可以排除D项。

14.

Themostpowerfulprotectionagainstdevianceis______.A.negativesanctionsB.severepunishmentsC.theindividual'sconscienceD.unrestrainedsuppression正确答案:C[解析]推断题型。

第二段的第四句Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual’sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.This指代的就是前面一句话,“大多数人在社会化的过程中把社会准则内在化”,inthat就是解释为什么,“因为个人的是非观是社会控制的施动者之一”,所以,C项个人的是非观才是正确答案。

15.

FormalagentsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______A.policestationsB.mentalhospitalsC.welfareagenciesD.vocationalschools正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。

根据第二段的第6句Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.文中没有提到D项。

16.

Thepurposeofformalagentsisto______.A.makebeneficialrulesB.preservesocialordersC.controlviolationofnormsD.defineacceptablebehavior正确答案:C[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第二段第七句Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.

17.

WhichstatementaboutsocialcontrolagentsisNOTtrue?A.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoenforcethenorms.B.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoreceiveabenefit.C.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhomaketherules.D.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoarepowerful.正确答案:B[解析]是非题型。

从第二段第八句Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.(矛盾论者指出,在任何社会中,社会约束的执行者或执行机构往往为有权势的社会群体服务,执行对这些人有利的社会准则,是这些人制定了准则,规定了什么是不能认可的行为。)得知,只有B项没有提到,因此,为正确答案。

18.

Accordingtoconflicttheorists,socialcontrolagentsandsystemsare______.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overall正确答案:B[解析]

推断题型。

根据第二段第八句中提到的,这样的机构是有偏向的。partial有偏向的,部分的、不完整的;liberal慷慨的、宽容的;neutral中立的、公平的;overall包括一切的、全部的。

19.

Inthethirdparagraph,"adualfunction"refersto______.A.formalandinformalB.rewardsandpenaltiesC.approvalanddisapprovalD.clarificationandregulation正确答案:D[解析]推断题型。

文章的最后一段First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.中的First...分句中的reaffirm“重申”,Second...分句中的regulate“控制和管理”与D项clarificationandregulation是对应词。

20.

Theperspectivefromwhichtheauthordiscussessocialcontrolis______.A.biologicalB.sociologicalC.psychologicalD.anthropological正确答案:B[解析]推断题型。

本文通篇都在谈论人的行为和社会约束的本质,这些是与社会学有关

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