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翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟20ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Someoftheseonlineservicesare(江南博哥)free,whileothers______acharge.A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect正确答案:A[解析]形近识别

A.carry(动词),搬运,运载,带有(责任),带来(处罚,利息),含有;B.cashier(名词)出纳;C.coincide(动词)一致、符合;D.collect(动词)收集,聚集,集中,搜集;此句意为:这些在线服务有些是免费的,而有些是要收费的;因此A为答案。

2.

Thejurygavea______of"notguilty".A.sentenceB.judgementC.chargeD.verdict正确答案:D[解析]近义辨析。

verdict裁决,判决,判断(指陪审团的裁决):Theverdictwasthattheprisonerwasguilty.判决犯人有罪。sentence判决,宣判(指法庭的判决,尤其指对已判决有罪的人加以处罚的法院的刑罚决定):Hereceivedaheavysentence.他被判重刑。judgement判断,审判,裁判(指法庭的判决,法官的决定):Thejudgementsetanewprecedent.那次判决树立了一个新的判例。charge指控,控告(指提出对不法行为的指控):achargeofmurder指控犯谋杀罪。

3.

Everygoodstoryiscarefully______;theelementsofthestoryreducedtofitwithoneanotherinordertomakeaneffectonthereader.A.emphasizedB.selectedC.plannedD.examined正确答案:C[解析]动词辨析

A.emphasized强调,着重;B.selected选择,挑选;C.planned计划,设计;D.examined检查,调查,考试;此句意为:每一部好小说都是经过认真设计的;为了使之能打动读者,小说中的一些元素(情节)被缩减以使全文一致。因此答案为C。

4.

Themanwenttoprison,butthetwoboys______withawarning.A.tookoffB.gotoffC.keptoffD.setoff正确答案:B[解析]本题意为“那个男子坐牢去了,可是那两个男孩只受到警告而没有受到处罚”。B项的“getoff逃脱惩罚”符合题意。其他三项“takeoff脱下(衣服),飞机(起飞);keepoff让开,不接近;setoff=startoff=setout=startout出发”都不正确。

5.

Weshouldalwaysbearinmindthat______decisionsoftenresultinseriousconsequences.A.urgentB.instantC.promptD.hasty正确答案:D[解析]由后半句中的“常常会产生严重的后果”可推知决定应为hasty(仓促的,草率的,急躁的)。如:Theyshouldn'thavemadesuchahastydecision.他们本不该作出这样草率的决定。

6.

Thehousewasveryquiet,______asitwasonthesideofamountain.A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolated正确答案:A[解析]结构识别

逗号后面的部分是原因状语从句asitwasisolatedonthesideofamountain,本句为了强调“被隔绝”之意,将isolated提前;因此A为答案。

7.

ProfessorJohnson'sretirement______fromnextJanuary.A.carriesintoeffectB.takeseffectC.haseffectD.putsintoeffect正确答案:B[解析]carryintoeffect表示“实行,实现”;takeeffect指“开始实行,开始生效”,为不及物词组。如:ThecontracttakeseffectasofOctober1.本合同从十月一日起生效。所以,答案为B。

8.

Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正确答案:D[解析]固定用法。

the+比较级,the+比较级。

9.

Teenagersinthe1950s,whohadto______anincreasinglyatomizedfamilylifeanddomesticandinternationaltensions,scornedthesterileversionofAmericanlife.A.injureB.conjureC.confrontD.inflow正确答案:C[解析]动词辨析

A.injure损害,伤害;B.conjure(以咒文)召唤,变戏法,想象;C.confront使面临,对抗,面对;D.inflow流入。

10.

Successas______byeconomicoutputbearsnocloserelationshiptohumanachievement.A.decidedB.achievedC.assuredD.measured正确答案:B[解析]词义辨析

A.decide决定,判决;B.achieve完成,达到;C.assure使……确信,保证,担保,断然地说;D.measure测量,估量,权衡,调节;而本句意为:靠经济输出来______的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。即:靠经济输出来达到/获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。achievesuccess是固定搭配,表:获得成功;因此B为答案。

11.

Wewillnotbeheldresponsibleforanydamagewhichresults______roughhandling.A.fromB.offC.inD.to正确答案:A[解析]习语辨析。

resultfrom由于……而发生,是……的结果:Anydamagetoabookresultingfromnegligencemustbepaidforbytheborrower.由于疏忽而对书籍所造成的损坏应由借阅者赔偿。resultin结果是,导致:Thesesafetymeasureswillresultinthereductionofworkaccident.这些安全措施将减少工伤事故。

12.

Hewasfined$5,000bycityregulatorsforgivingmoneytoaninspector,anincidenthelaterdescribedas______.A.extentB.extinctionC.extortionD.extravagance正确答案:C[解析]形近识别

A.extent广度,范围;B.extinction消失,灭绝;C.extortion勒索,敲诈,强取;

D.extravagance奢侈,铺张,过度,放纵的言行;因表示:由于塞钱给一个检察员,他被城管人员罚了5000美金,后来他将之称为敲诈,因此C为答案。

13.

Theteam'seffortstoscorewere______bytheopposinggoalkeeper.A.frustratedB.preventedC.discouragedD.accomplished正确答案:A[解析]frustrate“挫败,破坏”,常与表示“计划、努力、企图”等的名词搭配。如:Theweatherfrustratedourplans.天气破坏了我们的计划。

14.

Itwastoolateto______ofthecontract.A.backoutB.backdownC.backupD.backaway正确答案:A[解析]习语辨析。

backout不履行(协议、承诺等):It'stoolatetobackoutofthedealnow.现在要在这笔交易上打退堂鼓为时已晚。backdown让步,放弃,屈服:Heprovedthathewasrightandhiscriticshadtobackdown,他证明了他是正确的,而那些非难他的人不得不收起他们那一套。backup使聚集:Trafficbackedupinthetunnel.在地下道中引起了交通阻塞;backaway因害怕或厌恶而后退:Thechildbackedawayfromthebigdog.那个孩子看见大狗就向后退了。

15.

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone'slifeonthebattlefieldis______.A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous正确答案:B[解析]形容词辨析

A.glorious光荣的,显赫的;B.futile琐细的,无用的,无效果的;C.heroic英雄的,英勇的;D.courageous勇敢的,有胆量的;而本句意为:许多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢和毫无必要的。对他们而言,在战场上牺牲生命是______。根据上下文的语境,B为答案。

16.

ThenewPersonalDigitalAssistancecontainedalarge______ofinformationaboutanindividuallife.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.account正确答案:B[解析]习语搭配。

alargeamountof大量(后跟不可数名词):Hercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy.她的案件博得了无数公众的同情。giveanaccountof描述:Shegaveathrillingaccountofherlifeinthejungle.她绘声绘色地描述了自己在丛林中的生活。anumberof大量;若干(后跟可数名词):Anumberofwell-qualifiedpeoplehaverecentlyleftthecompany.一些非常称职的人已在最近离开了这家公司。

17.

PowellcallsfordrawdownfromIraqbymid-2007.Hiscommentsbreakhislongpublicsilenceontheissueandplacehim______withtheadministration.A.atwillB.ateaseC.attimesD.atodds正确答案:D[解析]atwill随意,任意。atease安逸,自由自在。attimes有时,不时。atodds争执,不一致。答案是D。

18.

TheKyotoProtocolhasbeendesignedto______theglobalenvironmentalproblems.A.dressB.addressC.stressD.distress正确答案:B[解析]

形近识别。

address对付,处理,满足(需求):Peoplewhowanttoensurethatglobalissuesareaddressed,hesaid,shouldbevotingfortheGreens.他说,想要确保全球性问题被关注的人们应该选举格林一家。stress强调:ImuststressthatwhatIsayisconfidential.我要强调我说的话是保密的。distress(常用被动语态)给(某人)带来痛苦、悲伤、苦难、贫困、危难等:1wasmostdistressedtohearthesadnewsofyourfather'sdeath.听到你父亲去世的噩耗我十分难过。

19.

Shehadjust______theshellofthehard-boiledeggandwasstartingtopeelitoff.A.snappedB.crackedC.fracturedD.burst正确答案:B[解析]近义辨析。

crack使裂开:cracktheglass敲碎玻璃。snap突然折断,突然断裂:Theropesnapped.绳子突然断了。fracture使破碎:fractureabone折断骨头。burst使爆炸:Ifyoublowthatballoonupanymoreitwillburst.那气球再吹就要破了。

20.

Americanswhoconsiderthemselves______inthetraditionalsensedonotusuallyhesitatetoheapcriticismindomesticmattersoverwhattheybelieveisoppressiveorwasteful.A.pedestrianB.penchantC.patriarchD.patriotic正确答案:D[解析]形近识别。

patriotic爱国的;pedestrian行人;penchant爱好,嗜好;patriarch极受尊重的年老男子。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

A"Backgrounder"permitsnewspapermentopublishinformationgiventhemthoughwithoutattributiontothesource.A.apersonwhoremainsbehindthesceneB.apersonprovidingthebackgroundknowledgeC.apressconferenceD.anewsagency正确答案:C

2.

Educationaldevelopmentisboundupwitheconomicprogress.A.inaccordancewithB.consistentwithC.independentofD.closelyrelatedto正确答案:D[解析]本题中,boundupwith的意思是“与…有密切联系;与…利益一致”。四个选项中,closelyrelatedto的意思是“与……密切相关”;inaccordancewith的意思是“与……一致,依照”;consistentwith的意思是“符合”;independentof的意思是“不依赖于……”。只有D项符合题意。

3.

Mr.Danewentthroughhisdaughter'sessaycarefully,toeliminateslangwordsfromit.A.reduceB.exchangedC.removeD.exhibit正确答案:C[解析]本题中,eliminate的意思是“排除,消除”。四个选项中,remove的意思是“移动,排除”,如:YesterdaymyhusbandremovedthegateandRexgotsoannoyedwehavenotseenhimsince.(昨天,我丈夫把大门拆掉了,雷克斯很生气,以致此后我们再也见不到他了)。reduce的意思是“减少,还原”;exchanged的意思是“交换,交流”;exhibit的意思是“展示”。只有C项符合题意。

4.

OnaWindowsscreen,therewillrolldownmanymorebuttonswhenyouhitthe"Tools"button.A.castB.casteC.cascadeD.cataract正确答案:C[解析]动词辨析。

roll(使某物)滚动:Theballrolleddownthehill.球滚下了山。cascade(使)瀑布般地落下:Hergoldenhaircascadeddownherback.她的金发像瀑布似的披在背后。cast投,抛:Theanglercasttheline.垂钓者把钓线抛了出去。caste社会等级,社会地位(名词):ThecastesystemisstillstronginsomeEasterncountriessuchasIndia.种姓制度在一些东方国家如印度仍然很牢固。cataract(使)像瀑布似地注流:Therotorcataractswateroverthetopofthemachines.回转轮将水从机器顶上注入。

5.

TheEnglishlanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven.A.portionB.speedC.standardD.measure正确答案:B[解析]名词辨析

rate表:比率,速度,等级,价格;而选项A.portion部分,一份,分得的部分;B.speed速度,速率,迅速;C.standard标准,规格,本位;D.measure措施,测量,量度标准;因此B为答案。

6.

Constructionofthegiganticofficebuildinginthiscitywasforyearsintermittent.A.stoppingandstartingatintervalsB.somethingthatwillhappensoonC.beingwatchedwithkeeninterestD.anythingthatcomesandgoes正确答案:A[解析]形容词辨析。

intermittent间歇的,断断续续的:Todaywillbemostlyfineandsunny,withintermittentshowers.今天大部分时间天气晴朗,有间断阵雨。stoppingandstartingatintervals不时停下和开始;somethingthatwillhappensoon马上将发生某事;anythingthatcomesandgoes来来往往的任何事情。

7.

Carefultestingisnecessarybeforeanymoreexperimentscancontinuewiththeexploringsubmarine.A.needfulB.inneedofC.necessityD.ofnecessity正确答案:D[解析]近义词辨析

necessary必要的,必需的,必然的;而A.needful必要的,需要的;B.inneedof需要;C.necessity必要性,需要,必需品;D.ofnecessity必要性,需要,必需品;尽管几个词都有“必要”之意,但用法不同:benecessary是指某事(物)是必要的;needful主要指“必须的,需要的”,例:todowhatisneedful做必须做的事;有时它有necessary之意,如:needfulexpenditure必要的支出;inneedof指某人或某事由于处在困境而需要帮助、建议、金钱等,例:Thisprojectisinurgentneedoffunding.这个项目急需资金;necessity是名词,表“必要性,必需品”,例:Waterisanecessityoflife.水是生命必不可少的(在此不定冠词a不能省略)。Foodandclothingarenecessitiesoflife.食物和衣服都是生活的必需品。而beofnecessity的作用即是necessary;类似的用法有很多,如:beofimportance=beimportant;因此D为答案。

8.

Mychiefobjectiontothebookisthatthecharactersarestereotyped.A.lackinginindividualityB.incompleteC.poorlydrawnD.overdone正确答案:A[解析]词义辨析

A.lackinginindividuality缺少个性;B.incomplete不完全的,不完善的;C.poorlydrawn刻画得差劲的;D.overdone过火的,过于夸张的;而stereotyped用铅版印刷的,套用老调的;因此A为答案。

9.

Itdisgustedhimwhenatheistsattackedreligion:hethoughttheywerevulgar.A.insultingB.base-mindedC.roughD.vicious正确答案:C[解析]本题中,vulgar的意思是“粗俗的,粗野的”。C项“rough粗鲁的,粗野的”符合题意。其他三项“insulting侮辱的;base-minded低级思想的;vicious不道德的,恶毒的”都不正确。

10.

Sincetheenergycrisis,thesebigcarshavebecomearealliability.Theycosttoomuchtorun.A.lackofreliabilityB.substituteC.costlymeansoftransportD.disadvantage正确答案:D[解析]本题中,liability的意思是“责任,义务,倾向,债务,负债”。四个选项中,disadvantage的意思是“缺点,不利条件”,如:Thewashingmachinehastwoseriousdisadvantages.(这台洗衣机有两个严重缺陷)。lackofreliability的意思是“缺乏可靠性”;substitute的意思是“代替品”;costlymeansoftransport的意思是“昂贵的交通方式”。只有D项符合题意。

11.

Afterlongtimeofhesitation,thewomangavefreeventtoherpent-upemotion.A.intenseB.writtenC.strongD.confined正确答案:D[解析]形容词辨析

A.intense强烈的,剧烈的,热切的;D.confined被限制的,狭窄的;而pent-up表示:幽闭的,被压抑的;所以答案为D。

12.

IsitpossiblethattheentiretaleisbutagarbledaccountofthatvoyageandBiarnianothernameforLeif?A.detailedB.plausibleC.distortedD.eye-witness正确答案:C

13.

Althoughmanymodificationshavebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameofrugby.A.rulesB.changesC.demandsD.leagues正确答案:B[解析]

名词辨析。

modification更改,修改,修正:Thelaw,initspresentform,isunjust;itneedsmodification.现行的法律是不公正的;它需要修改。change改变,变化,转变:achangeinfacialexpression面部表情的变化。rule规定,规则,惯例,统治:Theruleisthatsomeonemustbeondutyatalltimes.按照规定,任何时候均需有人值班。demand要求,需求,需要:grantedtheemployees'demands.满足雇员的需求。league同盟,联盟,社团:Ourteamplaysinthefootballleague.我们队在足球联赛中参加比赛。

14.

Ifpeopleweren'tpreparedtoexperimentwithnewteachingmethod,thingwouldneverchange.A.campaignB.swerveC.endeavorD.manipulate正确答案:C[解析]动词辨析

experimentwith表:进行试验,做试验;A.campaign参加活动,作战;B.swerve突然转向;C.endeavor尽力,努力,尝试;D.manipulate(熟练地)操作,巧妙地处理;因此C为答案。

15.

Experimentshaveshownthat160decibelsofnoisearelethalforsmallfur-bearinganimals.A.protectiveB.deadlyC.harmfulD.deafening正确答案:B[解析]形容词辨析

lethal表:致命的;而选项A.protective保护的,给与保护的;B.deadly致命的,势不两立的,极度的;C.harmful有害的,伤害的;D.deafening震耳欲聋的;因此B/为答案。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Uponcompletinghisexaminationoverthepatient,thedoctorofferedhisjudgmentofherconditions.A.ofB.offC.aboutD.around正确答案:A[解析]本题要表达的意思是“对病人的检查”,四个选项中只有of可以表示对象或所属关系。

2.

Someofthelow-endMade-in-Chinamechanical-electronicproductsarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwithwhataretermedashigh-endones.A.onexportmarketB.inexportingmarketC.inexportedmarketD.intheexportmarket正确答案:D[解析]冠词应用。

inthemarket“在市场上”,句子中多了一个名词export修饰market因此,定冠词应保留。

3.

Ourprogramscomesecondtothefts.A.comesecondafterB.aresecondonlytoC.arefirstexceptforD.arefirstplacefrom正确答案:B[解析]secondonlyto仅次于:Iraq'soilreservesaresecondonlytoSaudiArabia.伊拉克的石油储量仅次于沙特阿拉伯。

4.

Withthechangeofredlights,therearelongqueuesofvehiclesthatwaitwhileafewpeoplewhowalkacrossthezebra.A.wait...walkB.waiting...walkingC.waiting...walkD.wait...walking正确答案:C[解析]本句是there+be+名词词组(+修饰语)结构;其中的名词词组是两个并列的名词词组:longqueuesofvehicles和afewpeople,用并列连词while连接;因此并列连词连接的成分应结构相同,语法功能一致,因划线部分都是前面名词的修饰成分,相当于一个形容词从句,因表示主动,正在进行,因此应用动词-ing形式;所以B为答案。

5.

Idon'tdoubthowtheplanwillbewellreceived.A.thatB.whichC.ifD.whether正确答案:A[解析]习惯搭配。

doubt怀疑,不信,拿不准。后按宾语从句时,如主句为肯定句用whether或if连接,如主句为疑问句和否定句时连词that。Idon'tdoubtthathewillcomeontime.我肯定他会准时来。

6.

Itwasoneofthosedayswhenitlookedatfirstsomethinginterestingcouldhappen,butthenlater,whenyoudidn'texpectanything,almosteverythinghappened.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.allthings正确答案:A[解析]根据上下文的语境,可推断出本句意为:就在那些日子里,开始看似不会有什么有趣的事发生,但后来当你并不期待任何事会发生时,却几乎每种事情都发生了。[因为前面需填之词应与后面所提的:not…anything语义一致];因此答案为A。

7.

Whenshereturnedbackbyabroad,shetoldusallaboutherexperienceasanillegalimmigrant.A.byB.backC.fromD.backfrom正确答案:C[解析]returnfrom(=goback)返回:Shereturned(home)fromaholiday.她度假归来。

8.

Whenhefailshisfinalexamination,heissureofauniversityplace.A.IfB.IncaseC.EvenwhenD.Evenif正确答案:D[解析]根据句意,划线部分应填一个引导让步状语从句,而if如果(引导条件从句),每当……时(表因果关系),即使(if当此意讲时,常用evenif);如:IfIamwrong,youarewrongtoo.即使我错了,你也对不了。incase在……的情况下,万一……的话,如:Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.万一发生什么重要事情,请打电话给我。evenif即使,纵使(evenif的从句含有强烈的假定性),如:Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.即使他很穷,她还是爱他。所以答案为D。

9.

Scarecelyhadthevanturnedthecornerthanthemirrorcameoff.A.NomoreB.NosoonerC.NotanyD.Nolonger正确答案:B[解析]本句能与than搭配使用的选项只有A和B;而nomore...than意为“不过,仅仅,同……一样不”与题意不符;只有选项B.nosooner...than(一……就)是正确答案。

10.

Theadvocates—mainlyfamilytherapydoctors—areapplyinganewapproachtoeverythingfrommarriageconflicttopsychosis.A.marginB.marineC.maritalD.martial正确答案:C[解析]marriage结婚,婚姻,婚姻生活(是名词);而A.margin页边的空白,(湖、池等的)边缘,(时间、金额等的)富余;B.marine舰队,海运业;海(产、运)的;C.marital婚姻的;D.martial战争的,军事的;因此C为答案。

11.

Hehadstudiedhard,hewouldhavebeenabletopasstheexam.A.HehadstudiedharderB.IfonlyhestudiedmoreC.HadhestudiedharderD.Whenhestudiedmore正确答案:C[解析]语态应用。

本句是虚拟语气,从句省略“if”,应用倒装语序。

12.

ComingattheTownHall,theQueenwaswelcomedbytheMayor.A.OnreachingB.OnarrivalC.AtarrivalD.Atreaching正确答案:B[解析]固定搭配

下列表示“抵达”之意的词组只有选项B是正确的,是固定搭配;因此B为答案。

13.

There'snodoubtthatanyproposalwhichJackbedismissedmustberesisted.A.thatB.asC.whatD.inwhich正确答案:A[解析]本句考查的是同位语从句的用法;因为Jackbedismissedmustberesisted在句中作proposal的同位语,应用连接代词that引导,它在从句中不做任何语法成分;因此A为答案。

14.

Japanandthenewlyindustrializedcountriesarepassinglabor-intensivesectsasgarment-makingovertolessdevelopednationsandmovingintoadvancedtechnologyandservices.A.sectslikeB.sectorslikeC.sectionsasD.sectionssuchas正确答案:B[解析]

名词应用。

sector部门(指一个部分或分支,如城市的或国民经济的):themanufacturingsector生产部门。sect派别,宗派,(尤指)教派:aminorChristiansect基督教的一个小教派。section部分,零件,集体中的小团体:Farmworkersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulation.农民只占人口的一小部分。

15.

Thesedatawillbeofconsiderableuseforidentifyingandanalyzingenvironmentaldegradation,andthancraftingworkablesolutions.A./B.fromC.withD.to正确答案:A[解析]for引导了三个并列的分词结构作状语:identifying,analyzingenvironmentaldegradation以及craftingworkablesolutions(构思可行的解决办法);因此A为答案。

ⅡReadingComprehension

ToErrisHuman

byLewisThomas

Everyonemusthavehadatleastonepersonalexperiencewithacomputererrorbythistime.Bankbalancesaresuddenlyreportedtohavejumpedfrom$379intothemillions,appealsforcharitablecontributionsaremailedoverandovertopeoplewithcrazysoundingnamesatyouraddress,departmentstoressendthewrongbills,utilitycompanieswritethatthey'returningeverythingoff,thatsortofthing.Ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithsomeoneandcomplain,youthengetinstantaneouslytyped,guiltylettersfromthesamecomputer,saying,"Ourcomputerwasinerror,andanadjustmentisbeingmadeinyouraccount."

Thesearesupposedtobethesheerest,blindestaccidents.Mistakesarenotbelievedtobethenormalbehaviorofagoodmachine.Ifthingsgowrong,itmustbeapersonal,humanerror,theresultoffingering,tamperingabuttongettingstuck,someonehittingthewrongkey.Thecomputer,atitsnormalbest,isinfallible.

Iwonderwhetherthiscanbetrue.Afterall,thewholepointofcomputersisthattheyrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain,vastlyimproveduponbutnonethelesshuman,superhumanmaybe.Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenoughtobeatyouatchess,andsomeofthemhaveevenbeenprogrammedtowriteobscureverse.Theycandoanythingwecando,andmorebesides.

Itisnotyetknownwhetheracomputerhasitsownconsciousness,anditwouldbehardtofindoutaboutthis.Whenyouwalkintooneofthosegreathallsnowbuiltforthehugemachines,andstandinglistening,itiseasytoimaginethatthefaint,distantnoisesarethesoundofthinking,andtheturningofthespoolsgivesthemthelookofwildcreaturesrollingtheireyesintheefforttoconcentrate,chokingwithinformation.Butrealthinking,anddreaming,areothermatters.Ontheotherhand,theevidenceofsomethinglikeanunconscious,equivalenttoours,areallaround,ineverymail.Asextensionsofthehumanbrain,theyhavebeenconstructedthesamepropertyoferror,spontaneous,uncontrolled,andrichinpossibilities.1.

Thetitleofthewriting"ToErrisHuman"impliesthat______.A.makingmistakesisconfinedonlytohumanbeingsB.everyhumanbeingcannotavoidmakingmistakesC.allhumanbeingsarealwaysmakingmistakesD.everyhumanbeingisborntomakebadmistakes正确答案:B

2.

Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat______.A.computererrorsaresoobviousthatonecanhardlypreventitfromhappeningB.thecomputerissocapableofmakingerrorsthatnoneofthemisavoidableC.computersmakesucherrorsasmiscalculationandinaccuratereportingD.Computerscan'tthinksotheirerrorsarenaturalandunavoidable正确答案:A

3.

Theauthoruseshishypothesisthat"computersrepresentsanextensionofthehumanbrain"inordertoindicatethat______.A.humanbeingsarenotinfallible,norarecomputersB.computersareboundtomakeasmanyerrorsashumanbeingsC.errorsmadebycomputerscanbeavoidedthesameashumanmistakescanbeavoidedD.computersaxemadebyhumanbeingsandsoaretheirerrors正确答案:A

4.

Therhetorictheauthoremployedinwritingthethirdparagraph,especiallythesentence"Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenoughtobeatyouatchess..."isusuallyreferredtoinwritingas______.A.climaxB.personificationC.hyperboleD.onomatopoeia正确答案:B

5.

Theauthorcomparedthefaintanddistantsoundofthecomputertothesoundofthinkingandregardeditastheproductof______.A.dreamingandthinkingB.somepropertyoferrorsC.consciousnessD.possibilities正确答案:C

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestofthesun'slifewillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfail.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth'ssurface.6.

Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.正确答案:D[解析]主旨题型

本文主要谈论了:如今的太阳是个黄色的矮星,由靠近它中心的高热原子核反应将氢转化为氦来提供燃料。……天文学家通过研究其它星球,能够预测太阳的余生/未来会是什么样子。距今大约五十亿年后,太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热,而太阳表面的温度会降低……然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星。地球上的温度会变得过热,以至没有生命能够存活。

一旦太阳耗尽了红色巨星的高热原子核反应的能量,它会开始缩小;等它缩小到地球的大小时,它将会变成个白色的矮星;当它从一个红色巨星变成一个白色矮星时,太阳会以剧烈喷发的形式释放大量的被称之为“新星爆发”的气体。在变成白色矮星的几十亿年后,太阳会耗尽它所有的燃料,热度消失;这样的一个星被称之为黑色矮星……由此得知本文的主要目的是谈论太阳所要经历的变化,因此D为答案。

7.

Theword"fueled"underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymeans______.A.poweredB.bombardedC.createdD.pushed正确答案:A[解析]词义题型

A.powered产生动力;B.bombarded炮轰,轰击;C.created创造;D.pushed推动;参照注释51。太阳由靠近它中心的高热原子核反应将氢转化为氦来……因此A为答案。

8.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun______.A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarfB.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyearsC.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightnessD.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears正确答案:A[解析]推断题型

从文章第二段第一句得知,天文学家通过研究其它星球,能够预测太阳的余生/未来会是什么样子。文章没有谈及太阳已存在了多少年,选项B不对;尽管文章谈了太阳所要经历的变化,但这一过程是极其缓慢的,选项C也不对;文章第二段提到:距今大约五十亿年后,太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热,而太阳表面的温度会降低,然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星,因此选项D也不对;所以A为答案。

9.

Whatwillprobablybethefirststageofchangeasthesunbecomesaredgiant?A.Itscorewillcooloffanduselessfuel.B.Itssurfacewillbecomehotterandshrink.C.Itwilluseupitsthermonuclearenergy.D.Itscenterwillgrowsmallerandhotter.正确答案:D[解析]细节题型

见第二段第二句并参照注释51:距今大约五十亿年后,太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热,而太阳表面的温度会降低,然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星;因此D为答案。

10.

Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.正确答案:C[解析]细节题型

见第二段最后一句TemperaturesontheEarthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.(地球上的温度会变得过热,以至没有生命能够存活。)C为答案。

11.

Asawhitedwarf,thesunwillbe______.A.thesamesizeastheplanetMercuryB.thousandsoftimessmallerthanitistodayC.around35millionmilesindiameterD.coldanddark正确答案:B[解析]细节题型

见第三段第一、二句:一旦太阳用尽了它作为一个红色巨星的热核能,它就开始缩小;等它缩小到地球的大小时就会变成一个白色的矮星。所以B为答案。

12.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.正确答案:C[解析]是非题型

通读全文,可得出结论:太阳的演变过程是Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf;blackdwarf,所以C为答案。

13.

Thephrase"throwoff"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymeans______.A.ejectB.burnupC.convertD.letin正确答案:A[解析]词义题型

见第三段最后一句:当太阳从一个红色巨星变成一个白矮星时,它会以猛烈喷发的形式______大量的气体,这被称之为新星爆发。而A.eject逐出,喷射;B.bumup烧掉,发怒;C.convert使转变;D.letin放进,允许……进入;因此A为答案。

14.

Theword"there"underlinedinParagraph4refersto______.A.ourownplanetB.theoutersurfaceofthesunC.thecoreofablackdwarfD.theplanetmercury正确答案:A[解析]词义题型

见最后一段最后两句:最后一句中的there指的是上一句的主语theEarth,因此答案为A。

15.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?A.Alarmed.B.Pessimistic.C.Comic.D.Objective.正确答案:D[解析]态度题型

作者在叙述本文时直截了当,也没掺杂个人的情感,就事论事;因此答案为D。

CongressmakesthelawsintheUnitedStates.Ithastwoparts,whicharemoreorlessequalinpower.TheyareknownastheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.TheHouseofRepresentativesislargerthantheSenatewhose100members(twofromeachstate)serveforsixyears.The435membersoftheHouseareelectedeverytwoyears,andthenumberfromeachstateisdeterminedbythepopulationofthestate.Forexample,California,whichhasalargepopulation,has43representatives,whiletheStateofNevadahasonlyone.

TheHouseandSenatearedividedintosmallgroupswhichtakecareofspecialmatterssuchaseducationorforeignaffairs.ThemostimportantworkofCongressisoftendoneinthesegroups,whicharecalledsubcommittees.

AccordingtotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,asenatormustbeatleast30yearsoldandhemusthavebeenacitizenoftheUnitedStatesfornineyearsatthetimeofhiselection.TobeelectedtotheHouseapersonmustbe25yearsoldandmusthavebeenaUnitedStatescitizenforsevenyears.Atthepresenttime,membersofCongressincludebusinessmen,farmers,teachers,andespeciallylawyers.Ingeneral,senatorsarebetterknownthanrepresentativesbecausetheyarefewerinnumberandserveforalongertime.ManyAmericanpresidentsservedinCongressbeforetheybecamepresident.16.

IntheU.S.Congress,theHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenateare______.A.notequal.TheHouseismorepowerfulB.almostequalinpowerC.notequal.TheSenateisfarmorepowerfulD.different.TheHouseismoreimportant正确答案:B[解析]细节题型。

从第一段第二、三句话Ithastwoparts,whicharemoreorlessequalinpower.TheyareknownastheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.可知正确答案是B项。

17.

ThemembersoftheSenateareelectedfor______years.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.six正确答案:D[解析]细节题型。

第一段第四句中的…theSenatewhose100members(twofromeachstate)serveforsixyears.已提到是六年。

18.

ThenumberofthemembersintheHousefromeachstate______.A.isfixed,twofromeachstateB.dependsonhowmanypeoplethestatehasC.dependsonthesizeofthestateD.dependsonthelocationofthestate正确答案:B[解析]细节题型。

答案出自第一段第五句…thenumberfromeachstateisdeterminedbythepopulationofthestate.

19.

TobeelectedtotheSenateapersonmust______.A.beatleast25yearsoldB.beatleast30yearsoldC.havebeenacitizenforsevenyearsD.bealawyer正确答案:B[解析]细节题型。

参看第三段第一句话…asenatormustbeatleast30yearsold。

20.

Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Arepresentativeservesfortwoyears.B.Tobecomeasenatoriseasierthantobecomearepres

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