Unit2ExploringEnglishUsinglanguage构词法课件高中英语

Period2Usinglanguage

Unit2ExploringEnglish英语中的构词法主要有缩略法（abbreviating）转化法（changingthepartofspeech）派生法（adding

aprefixorsuffix）

合成法（combiningtwoormorewords）

Wordformation构词法:是单词构成的基本规律，按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。Review:wordformationabbreviating（缩略）Awordformedfromthefirstlettersofthewordsthatmakeupthenameofsth.（缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变）WorldHealthOrganization→WHOInformationTechnology→ITtelephone→phoneaeroplane→plane2.截头缩略1.首字母缩略examination→examlaboratory→lab3.去尾缩略

VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRchangethepartofspeech（词性）(改变单词的词性)Conversion（转化）(1)动词名词Lookatme.Letmehavealook.(2)名词动词Openyourbook.Imustbooktheticket.(3)形容词动词Ourclassroomisveryclean.Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.(4)形容词名词(意义改变)Youareright.Citizenshavetherighttospeakfreely.请大家判断词性转化类型,然后翻译句子(1)Letmehaveatry.(2)Youcould

shoulder

thetask.(3)Youshouldtryyourbesttobetteryourperformance.(4)Theyare

discussing

the

content

ofthe

story.v.-n.让我来试一试。n.-v.你可以承担这项任务。adj.-v.你应该尽最大努力让自己有更好的表现。adj.-n.他们正在讨论这个故事的内容。【即学即练】Derivation派生byaddingaprefixor(and)asuffix(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)unemployment单词=前缀词根后缀改变词义词的本意改变词性Prefix-前缀1.表示否定的前缀：dis-il-im-ir-in-un-2.表示空间位置，方向的前缀:by-inter-mid-under-3.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀：extra-over-super-under…4.表示时间的前缀：ex-foremid-post-5.表示重复的前缀：re-6.表示动化的前缀：en-1.表示否定意义前缀：Prefix-前缀dis-in-il-im-ir-mis-non-un-convenient→inconvenientlegal→illegalpossible→impossibleresponsible→irresponsibleability→disabilityunderstand→misunderstandprofit→non-profitcertain→uncertainPrefix-前缀by-“附近，邻近”road→byroadunder-“在......下面”ground→undergroundinter-“在……间，相互”national→internationalmid-“中间”night→midnight,autumn→mid-autumnre-“又,再”arrange→rearrange）en-“使......”able→enablepre-“前”war→pre-warpost-“后”war→post-war2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀4.表示其他意义3.表示时间Suffix-后缀名词后缀形容词后缀动词后缀副词后缀Suffix-后缀1.表示人的名词后缀-er:begin→beginner（初学者）

-or:act→actor（演员）-ee:employ→employee（雇员）-ist:art→artist（艺术家）-ian:music→musician（音乐家）-ant:assist→assistant（助手）-ess:god→goddess(女神)-ness:careless→carelessness（粗心）-ment:achieve→achievement（成就）-dom:free→freedom（自由）-tion:invent→invention（发明）-ance:accept→acceptance（接受）-ence:depend→dependence（依赖）-ion:express→expression（表达）-ty:possible→possibility（可能性）2.其他名词后缀Suffix-后缀3.形容词后缀-al:nation→national（民族的）-(i)ous:danger→dangerous（危险的）-ful:success→successful（成功的）-less:pain→painless（不痛苦的）-some:trouble→troublesome(有麻烦的)-ial:influence→influential(有影响力的)-able:avoid→avoidable（可避免的）-tive:attract→attractive(有吸引力的)4.动词后缀-en:sharp→sharpen（使尖锐）-fy:simple→simplify（使简化）-ize:modern→modernize（使现代化）5.副词后缀-ly:easy→easily（容易地）-s:indoor→indoors（在室内）-ward(s):toward（趋向）Compounding（合成）createanewwordbycompoundingtwoormoreexistingwords(由两个或更多的词合成一个词)＋＝＋＝(1)n.+n.:airconditioner（空调）；bloodpressure（血压）(2)adj.+n.：centralbank（中央银行）；fastfood（快餐）(3)v-ing.+n.：washingmachine（洗衣机）；drivinglicense（驾驶证）(4)n.+v-ing.：story-telling（讲故事）；hand-writing（笔迹）(5)adv.+v.：outbreak（爆发）；output（产量）(6)v.+adv.：breakdown（故障）；feedback（反馈）1.合成名词2.合成形容词(1)词尾为过去分词或+ed:absent-minded（心不在焉的）；hand-made（手工的）(2)词尾为现在分词：good-looking（好看的）；easy-going（随和的）(3)词尾为形容词：duty-free（免税的）；homesick（想家的）3.合成动词

overcome（战胜）undergo（经历）4.合成副词whole-heartedly（全心全意地）;downstairs（在楼下）SummaryWordformation合成法转换法派生法缩略法两个词合成一个新词。词形不变，词性改变。在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词。用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。1.Lookatthesentencesandexpressionsfromthereadingpassage.Matchthewordsinboldtothetypesofwordformation.aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b

…sculptasculpture…cWhenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d

WHO1abbreviating2changingthepartofspeech3addingaprefixorsuffix4combiningtwoormorewordsbdcaCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofunfamiliarwords.Youmightthinkthisisabitscary.Butmanyofthemareformedusingothersimplerwords.Thisiscalledwordformation.Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,1__________(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapen)and2__________(knownbymanypeople).Prefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeanings.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeanstheopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s3__________,andifsomeoneisn’thappythey’re4__________.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreat5____________.penfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Somenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,ortheotherwayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecome6__________.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentby7__________

it.Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords:

“WorldTradeOrganization”canbereferredtoas8__________,and9__________isshortfor“assoonaspossible”.Itisimpossibletoknowthemeaningofeveryword,butknowingaboutwordformationcanhelpusguesstheirmeanings.

calmpresentingWTOASAPAmericanandBritishEnglishtheatretheatergashighwaypetrolmotorwayelevatorliftsubwayundergroundapartmentflatLet’slisten.UnfamiliarEnglishexpressionsBefore-listeningWhile-listeningConversation1---bConversation2---cConversation3---a

Listentothreeconversationsandmatchthemtothepictures.

Listentotheconversation1againandchoosetherightanswer.1.Whatdidthespeakerorder?AdimsumBspringrollsCmeatball2.Whatkingoffoodisdimsum？AwesternfoodBtraditionalChinesefoodCpopularnewfood3.Wheredoestheword“dimsum”comefrom？AGuangdongdialectBMandarinCPutonghua1.Whathappenedduringthemovie?AsomeoneatefoodloudlyBsomeonecriedloudlyCsomeonetalkedloudlyonthephone2.Whatdidtheythinkof“takingloudlyduringthemovie“？ANomatterBSelfishCCommon3.Whichtwowordsmakeup(组成）theword“cellfish”？Acellphone;selfishBcell;fishListentotheconversation2againandchoosetherightanswer.1.Whatwasthewomen'strouble?AShecould'ttalk.BShedid'tundertandLucy'smessage.CShemissedLucy.2.WhatdidLucyrepliedafterhearingthejoke？ALOLBBTWCBBL3.WhichisLOLfor？Aashortwayofsaying”laughoutloudly”Bashortwayofsaying“speakoutloudly”Cashortwayofsaying“speakoutloudlyListentotheconversation3againandchoosetherightanswer.UnfamiliarEnglishexpressionsListenagainandcompltethetable.WordsMeaningOrigindimsumakindoftraditional1_____________

from2_____________________

3__________usingacellphonewithoutcaringaboutothersacombinationofthewords4__________ad5_________6__________ashorterwayofsaying7___________________

fromtheInternetLOLChinesefoodtheGuangdongdialectcellfishcellphoneselfish“laughoutloud”Thankyou!Challengeyourself！rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________

nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________

recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________

hope(形容词)_______job(形容词)_________

visit(名词)__________access(形容词)________

eight(八十)________true(名词)___________

kind(名词)_______China(形容词)________1.按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChineseExercise2.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：1.HarryPotterisaboywhoisfullof____________(imagine).2.______________(congratulate)!Youhavedon