翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟17

翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟17Section1:VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfo（江南博哥）reachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Ifyoudevelopareputationforbeingabletokeepsecrets,otherswill______towardsyouwithusefulnewsandgossip.A.feelconstrainedB.feelexcludedC.propelD.gravitate正确答案：D[解析]feelconstrained感觉拘束的；feelexcluded感觉被排斥的；propel推进；gravitate(to)被吸引。

2.

Earlysignsof______seenintheherbalmedicinestudyareextremelyencouragingandbaseduponthesedata,wearenowplanningaregistrationprogram.A.facultyB.receptionC.deteriorationD.efficacy正确答案：D[解析]faculty才能，技能；reception接待，接收；deterioration变坏，堕落；efficacy功效。

3.

Inthe18thcenturymanyBritishpoliticiansfavoredfriendshipwithPrussiabecausetheythoughtthatthePrussianarmywas______totheBritishnavy.A.complimentaryB.complicatedC.complementaryD.comprehensive正确答案：C[解析]becomplementaryto是……的补充；complimentary赞美的；complicated复杂的；comprehensive广泛的。

4.

Thetrafficwasentirely,______becauseofaseriesoftrafficaccidentsontheroad.A.crippledB.overthrownC.disabledD.insulated正确答案：C[解析]disable使瘫痪；crippled残废的；overthrown推翻，颠覆；insulate使绝缘。

5.

Theletterpageofthisnewspaperisa______forpublicargument.A.symposiumB.commentaryC.forumD.appraisal正确答案：C[解析]forum论坛，整句话意思是“这家报纸的来信专栏是公众辩论的论坛”。symposium座谈会；commentary注释；appraisal评价，鉴定。

6.

Thechief______ofthatyoungmanarehisgenerosityandenergy.A.traitsB.tempersC.trendsD.traces正确答案：A[解析]traits特点，优点；tempers性情，脾气；trends趋势；traces痕迹。

7.

Theinsurancecompanypaidhim$5,000in______afterhisaccident.A.compensationB.installmentC.substitutionD.commission正确答案：A[解析]compensation赔偿；installment部分；substitution替代；commission委托，代理。

8.

ItisverystrangebutIhadan______thattheplanewouldcrash.A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive正确答案：B[解析]intuition直觉；inspiration灵感；imagination想象；incentive动机。

9.

Wearegoingonthe______

thattheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.A.schemeB.assumptionC.orbitD.procedure正确答案：B[解析]goontheassumptionthat意思是“根据……的假定”。scheme安排，计划；orbit轨道；procedure程序。

10.

Somemedicalconditionscanoftencurethemselves______,withoutmedicalintervention.A.deliberatelyB.spontaneouslyC.consciouslyD.intentionally正确答案：B[解析]spontaneously自然地，本能地；deliberately故意地；consciously有意识地；intentionally蓄意地。

11.

By______computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthim$2,000.A.coarseB.rudeC.crudeD.rough正确答案：D[解析]byroughcomputation粗略计算；coarse粗糙的，粗鄙的；rude粗鲁的；crude天然的，未加工的，拙劣的。

12.

Inordertostimulatethedomesticeconomy,thegovernmenthas______toreduceimports.A.pledgedB.resortedC.suggestedD.hesitated正确答案：B[解析]resortto求助、诉诸于，采取；pledge发誓，保证；suggest建议；hesitate犹豫。

13.

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood______ofrealsuccessinlife.A.essenceB.decreeC.qualificationD.criterion正确答案：D[解析]criterion(批评判断的)标准；essence本质；decree法令；qualification资格，条件。

14.

George______someimportantsentencesbyunderliningthemwitharedpen.A.highlightedB.upgradedC.capableD.eligible正确答案：A[解析]highlight突出，强调；upgrade升级；capable能干的；eligible符合条件的。

15.

WhatIseektoaccomplishissimplytoservewithmy______capacitytruthandjusticeattheriskofpleasingnoone.A.formidableB.exquisiteC.exoticD.feeble正确答案：D[解析]exquisite精致的，精美的；(感觉)敏感的，细致的；(疼痛、愉快等)极度的，用来修饰capacity并不合适。formidable令人害怕的，难以克服的；exotic指外来情调的，异国的；feeble虚弱的，弱小的。此句的意思是“我所追求实现的仅仅是以我的微薄之力，冒着不讨好任何人的危险为真理和正义而服务”，所以选D比较符合题意。

16.

Hardworkandmalnutrition______hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.wedged正确答案：A[解析]impair削弱；promote促进；accelerate加速；wedge楔人，楔进。

17.

Shewas______betweentwoveryfatwomenandfeltextremelyuneasy.A.towedB.tuggedC.sandwichedD.wedged正确答案：C[解析]sandwich夹入中间；tow拖，拽；tug用力拖，吃力地搬运；wedge楔入，楔进。

18.

Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitis______;thereaderswillhavedifficultyinunderstandingit.A.comprehensiveB.alternativeC.deliberateD.ambiguous正确答案：D[解析]ambiguous不明确的，模棱两可的；comprehensive广泛的；alternative可选择的；deliberate故意的。

19.

Wemustlearntoseethingsintheirright______andavoidmakingmistakes.A.prospectiveB.prosperityC.perspectiveD.permissive正确答案：C[解析]perspective角度，方面；prospective预期的；prosperity繁荣；permissive许可的。

20.

Asoureyesrangedoverthebroadshouldersofthemountain,theconceptionofits______grewuponus.A.multitudeB.gratitudeC.latitudeD.magnitude正确答案：D[解析]magnitude巨大，广大；multitude多数；gratitude感激的心情；latitude纬度。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Archaeologistsareinterestedinpottery,figurinesandothervestigesofancientcivilizations.A.tracesB.shardsC.productsD.artifacts正确答案：A[解析]本题中，vestiges的意思是“遗迹，痕迹”。A项“traces痕迹，踪迹”符合题意，如：Theysearchedthebuildingbutdidnotfindanytraceofthecriminal.(他们搜查了这座楼房，可是没有发现罪犯的一点踪迹。)其他三项“shards(玻璃或陶瓷器皿的)碎片；products产品；artifacts史前古器物”都不正确。

2.

Packagingisdesignedsoastoencourageimpetuousshopping.A.extravagantB.carefulC.impotentD.impulsive正确答案：D[解析]本题中，impetuous的意思是“冲动的”。D项的“impulsive冲动的”符合题意，如：animpulsiveaction(受一时感情所驱使的行动)。其他三项“extravagant奢侈的，浪费的；careful小心的，仔细的；impotent无力的，虚弱的”都不正确。

3.

Panofhisgeneralthriftistobemeticulousinverifyingmonthlyexpenses.A.painstakingB.dilatoryC.meretriciousD.gaudy正确答案：A[解析]本题中，meticulous的意思是“非常仔细的，严谨的，注意细节的”。A项的“painstaking仔细的，精心的，用心的”符合题意，如：makepainstakinginvestigations(进行过细的调查)。其他三项“dilatory不慌不忙的；meretricious俗气的，金玉其外的，虚饰的；gaudy华而不实的，俗丽的”都不正确。

4.

Thejurorscametoadeadlockinthedefendant'strialformurder.A.adecisionofguiltyB.adecisiontopunishbyelectrocutionC.animpasseD.anunusualverdict正确答案：C[解析]本题中，deadlock的意思是“僵局”。C项的“impasse僵局”符合题意，如：Reachedanimpasseinthenegotiations.(谈判陷入了僵局。)其他三项“guilty有罪的；electrocution电刑；verdict裁决，判决”都不正确。

5.

Amongthelowestofthejudicialranks,justicesofthepeaceneverthelessfrequentlyexercisejurisdictionoveravarietyofmisdemeanors.A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty正确答案：C[解析]本题中，jurisdiction的意思是“权限”。C项的“authority职权”符合题意，如：Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests.(代表们被授予拘捕权。)其他三项“guidance指导；sovereignty主权；suzerainty宗主权”都不正确。

6.

Amistakeisrarelyatonedforbyasingleapology,howeverprofuse.A.extravagantB.producedC.divergentD.repetitious正确答案：A[解析]本题中，profuse的意思是“极其丰富的”。A项的“extravagant过分的，丰饶的”符合题意，如：extravagantvegetation(茂盛的植被)。其他三项“produced畸形生长的；divergent分歧的；repetitious重复的”都不正确。

7.

HerofficeintheFirstNationalBankbuildingisprovisional.A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven正确答案：B[解析]本题中，provisional的意思是“临时的”。B项的“temporary临时的”符合题意，如：temporarypunishment(有期徒刑)。其他三项“permanent永久的；corrupt贪污的；craven胆小的”都不正确。

8.

Theburglarsransackedtheroomtakinganythingofvaluetheyfound.A.demolishedB.tookoverC.inhabitedD.thoroughlysearched正确答案：D[解析]本题中，ransacked的意思是“彻底搜索，仔细检查”。D项的“thoroughlysearched彻底搜查”符合题意。其他三项“demolished毁坏，破坏；tookover接收，接管；inhabited居住”都不正确。

9.

Thewholeoftheendowmentwasusedtorefurbishtheschoolgymnasium.A.millionairesB.endorsementsC.governmentsD.donations正确答案：D[解析]本题中，endowment的意思是“捐赠”。D项的“donations捐赠”符合题意，如：adonationofmoneytothehospital(捐给医院的钱)。其他三项“millionaires百万富翁；endorsements背书；governments政府”都不正确。

10.

Themassacreofinnocentpeoplecannoteverbecondoned.A.overlookedB.praiseC.condemnedD.satisfied正确答案：A[解析]本题中，condoned的意思是“宽恕，赦免”。A项的“overlooked宽恕，宽容”符合题意，如：Thesecretaryisverycarefulandneveroverlooksanylittlepoints.(秘书是个很细心的人，她从不忽视细节。)其他三项“praise表扬；condemned谴责；satisfied感到满意的”都不正确。

11.

Althoughthepositionsheisapplyingforisasubordinateoneinthecompany,therearemanyopportunitiesofpromotion.A.juniorB.succeedingC.successiveD.subsequent正确答案：A[解析]A项junior“下级的，较低的”与subordinate“隶属的，次要的”意义相同，其他选项的意义分别是：succeeding“接着发生的”；successive“连续的，继承的”；subsequent“随后的，并发的”。

12.

Shecansing,danceandplaytheguitarandthepianoandweallconsiderherversatile.A.sophisticatedB.all-roundC.productiveD.flexible正确答案：B[解析]all-round“门门皆通的，多才多艺的”与versatile“多才多艺的”同义。其他选项的词义分别为：sophisticated“世故的”；productive“多产的”；flexible“弹性的，易适应的”。

13.

Theboyindulgesinplayingcomputergamesandstaysupeverynighttoplay.A.subscribestoB.engagesinC.hangsonD.isaddictedto正确答案：D[解析]beaddictedto“上了瘾的，沉溺于某种嗜好中”与indulgein“沉溺于，纵情于”意义相近。其他词subscribeto“订阅”；hangon“坚持，等一下”均不合题意。

14.

Anotablelawyerinourcity,themanisverybusy.A.liableB.practicableC.qualifiedD.celebrated正确答案：D[解析]celebrated“著名的”与notable“著名的”意义相同。其他词义分别为：liable“易受影响的”；practicable“实际的”；qualified“有资格的”。

15.

Theyfoundtheintricatedirectionsextremelydifficulttounderstand.A.vagueB.unusualC.complicatedD.original正确答案：C[解析]complicated“复杂的”与intricate“错综的，复杂的”词义相近。其他词义分别为：vague“含糊的”；unusual“不寻常的”和original“有创意的”。

16.

Yourcompositionisnotgood,forseveralparagraphsarenotpertinenttothesubjectunderdiscussion.A.valuableB.providentC.relevantD.concerned正确答案：C[解析]选项relevant“有关的，切题的”、concerned“关联的”都与pertinent“有关的”词义相同，但D不能与to相搭配。其他词valuable“有价值的”和provident“节俭的”的词义与题意不符。

17.

Thelocalmedicalofficerreportedaseriousoutbreakoffoodpoisoning.A.breakthroughB.breakdownC.outburstD.outcome正确答案：C[解析]outburst“爆发”与outbreak“爆发，发作”意义相近。其他词义分别为：breakthrough“突破”；breakdown“损坏，故障”和outcome“结果”。

18.

Thefashionableminiskirtcannotresistthebittercoldness.A.withholdB.withstandC.withdrawD.wither正确答案：B[解析]withstand“抵御”与resist“抵制”词义相近。其他词义分别为：withhold“限制，扣留”；withdraw“收回，撤回”和wither“枯萎”。

19.

Themiserablechildlosthisfatherattheageoftwoandhismotheratfive.Nowheishomeless.A.sorrowfulB.meanC.grievingD.wretched正确答案：D[解析]wretched“可怜的”与homeless“无家可归的”意义相近。其他词义分别为：sorrowful“悲伤的”、mean“吝啬的”和grieving“悲痛的”。

20.

Hersilenceisanindicationofhisdisapproval.A.testimonyB.statementC.suggestionD.announcement正确答案：C[解析]suggestion“表明，暗示”与indication“暗示，指示”词义相近。其他词义分别为：testimony“证词”、statement“声明”和announcement“宣布”。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesanerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Whatdistinguishedherintheothergirlswasherpeculiarhairstyle.A.toB.fromC.thanD.with正确答案：B[解析]distinguish…from把……和……区别开来。此句意为：她独特的发型使人能将她与其他女孩区分开来。因此B为答案。

2.

Thestyleofwritinginthisarticleissobeautiful,whichmadethereaderpleasebothtotheeyeandinthemind.A.pleasesthereaderB.pleasemadethereaderC.pleasedthereaderD.madethereaderpleasant正确答案：A[解析]which引导的从句应是陈述句结构，且根据主句判断应是一般现在时，又是单数第三人称。因此A为答案。

3.

ShetoldmethatshehasalreadygonetotheUnitedStatesfourtimesbeforesheattendedthatconference.A.hadalreadybeenB.hasalreadybeenC.alreadywentD.wasalreadygoing正确答案：A[解析]“已去过美国四次”(现在已回来)应用havebeento，而不用havegoneto。此外“去美国”(hasalreadybeentotheUnitedStates)这一动作发生在“告诉”(told)之前，应用过去完成时hadalreadybeento。所以答案为A。

4.

Fouryearsago,quittingtheartisticdirectorofAmericanBalletTheatre,BaryshnikovfoundtheWhiteOakDanceProject.A.havequitaswasfoundingB.havingquitashadfoundedC.beingquitasfoundedD.havingquitasfounded正确答案：D[解析]动名词“辞职”的动作发生在谓语动词“创办”之前，因此要用其完成时，而谓语动词“创办”的动作发生在四年前，所以用一般过去时即可。答案为D。

5.

Thewell-knownGarubSite,unearthedin1997,showsthatmanhadmadelivingthereasearlyas5,000yearsago.A.humanhadlivedB.humanshadlivedC.humanbeinglivedD.humanbeingslived正确答案：D[解析]表示“人类”时，一般用thehuman或humanbeing，humanbeing为可数名词，复数为humanbeings。因只是叙述人类五千年前就在那里生活这一事实，用一般过去时即可，所以答案为D。

6.

Inourowngalaxy,theMilkyWay,thereareperhaps200billionstars,asmallpartofthemprobablyhaveplanetsonwhichlifeisfeasible.A.asmallfractioninwhichB.asmallfractionofwhichC.asmallfractionwhichD.whichafractionof正确答案：B[解析]本题考查结构应用。英语的定语从句(不论是限定性或非限定性)中，当关系代词作介词宾语时，介词前置，其中whom指人，which指物。而介词of表示整体中的一部分，afractionof表示“……的一部分”，所以B为答案。

7.

"Butyou'llbeabletocome,won'tyou?

Yes,Ithinksuch."A.thatB.itC.soD.this正确答案：C[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：但是你回来的，对吗?是的，我这么认为。Ithinkso.是固定搭配，意为“我这样认为”，符合题意。Think后面可以用so来避免重复已经表达过的想法。与此用法相同的动词还有：hope，believe，suppose，imagine。所以，答案是C。

8.

Theprofessorisquitedifficultpleased.A.topleaseB.tobepleasedC.forpleasingD.pleasing正确答案：A[解析]本题考查结构应用。句意为：取悦教授相当困难。此句真正的主语是不定式。此句的正常语序应为：Topleasetheprofessorisdifficult.此句常写作：Itisdifficulttopleasetheprofessor.因此，答案为A。

9.

Becauseeveryoneknows,factsspeaklouderthanwords.A.SinceB.ThatC.ItD.As正确答案：D[解析]查考连词应用。句意为：正如大家所知，事实胜于雄辩。根据句意，从句是方式状语从句，而不应是原因状语从句。as在此作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“正如，按照……方式”，符合句意。所以，答案是D。

10.

Thetrapezeartistwhoranawaywiththeclownbrokeuptheliontamer'sheart.A.brokeawayB.brokedownC.brokeD.brokendown正确答案：C[解析]本题考查动词搭配。句意为：同小丑私奔的荡秋千演员伤了驯狮员的心。breakup“打碎，终止”；breakaway“突然离开，放弃(习惯等)”；breakdown“毁掉，中止”；breakone'sheart“令某人伤心”，符合句意。所以，答案是C。

11.

Hisheavydrinkingandfondofgamblingmakeshimapoorrolemodel.A.andfactthathegamblesB.andthathegamblesC.andhegambleswhichD.andgambling正确答案：D[解析]本题考查平行结构的用法。句意为：他严重的酒瘾和毒瘾使他成为一个坏典型。并列连词and,but,aswellas,or等连接的应是两个或几个同类的结构，语法上称为平行结构。本句中and连接的是两个动名词，做句子的并列主语。所以，答案是D。

12.

DepressionthatinflictspeoplewhobelievetheirliveslackcontentwhentherushofthebusyweekstopsreferredtobyaprominentpsychiatristasSundayNeurosis.A.hasbeenreferredtobyaprominentpsychiatristB.hasbeenreferredtoasbyaprominentpsychiatristC.aprominentpsychiatristhasreferredtoitD.ithasbeenreferredtobyaprominentpsychiatrist正确答案：A[解析]本题考查结构应用。本句是个复合句，分析句子成分可知，Depression是主语，thatinflictspeoplewhobelievetheirliveslackcontentwhentherushofthebusyweekstops为定语从句修饰主语；whobelievetheirliveslackcontent为定语从句修饰先行词people；when引导时间状语从句；因此，画线部分为句子的谓语部分。因此，答案是A。

13.

Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegedegreesalsothereareoccupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.A.sotothereareB.sotoothereareC.sothereareD.sotooarethere正确答案：B[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：正如有些职业需要大学学历一样，有些职业也需要专门的技术训练。justas...，so为固定结构，表示“正像……一样，也”，so在此作also解，应放在句首，后面的句子不倒装，too在此表强调。所以，答案是B。

14.

MostoftheoldercivilizationswhichflourishedduringthefifthcenturyB.C.arediedout.A.theyhavediedoutB.hasdiedoutC.havediedoutD.theyhaddiedout正确答案：C[解析]本题考查结构应用。本句是个复合句，分析句子成分可知，Mostoftheoldercivilizations是主语，且为复数。whichflourishedduringthefifthcenturyB．C．为定语从句，修饰主语。因此，画线部分应作句子的谓语。因此，答案是C。

15.

Thestudentaskedherprofessorifhewouldhavegoneonthespaceshiphedidknowearlier.A.ifheknewB.ifheknowsC.hehadknownD.hadheknown正确答案：D[解析]本题考查虚拟语气的用法。本句是对过去事实的假设，条件从句的谓语应用过去完成时hadknown。而if条件句中如有were,should,had,可将if省去，而把were,should,had提至句首。因此，答案是D。

16.

Properlightingisanecessaryforgoodeyesighteventhoughhumannightvisioncanbetemporarilyimpairedbyextremeflashesoflight.A.needfulB.necessityC.exigencyD.need正确答案：B[解析]本题考查词语应用。句意为：合适的照明是视力好的必要条件，尽管人类的夜视偶尔会被极端灯光的闪现损害。所填之词在句中作表语，又由不定冠词a限定，所以应为可数名词单数。A是形容词，表示“必要的，需要的”，故排除；necessity“必要性，需要”，符合句意；exigency“苛求，紧急(事件)”；need“需要，必需”，为不可数名词。因此，答案是B。

17.

Peoplewhosepropertyisstolenshouldreporttothepolice.A.hadstolenB.isbeingstolenC.hadbeenstolenD.hasbeenstolen正确答案：D[解析]本题考查时态应用。句意为：东西被偷的人应报警。因为东西已经被偷，应用完成时的被动语态，又因这是一般事实，所以应是现在完成时的被动语态。所以，答案为D。

18.

ThewinneroftheNobelPrizeinphysicsdedicatedthehonortohishighschoolphysicsteacher,hehadbeenaninspirationduringhisearlyyears.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that正确答案：A[解析]本题考查结构应用。分析句子成分可知，hehadbeenaninspirationduringhisearlyyears.为非限制性定语从句，此处需填入代词引导定语从句，因为从句缺少主语，且主语为人，故选用关系代词who.因此，答案是A。

19.

Thechildrenshouldsay"thankyou"toyouwhenyougavethemgifts.A.hadsaidB.besayingC.havesaidD.saying正确答案：C[解析]本题考查时态。句意为：当你给孩子们礼物时，他们本应该对你说“谢谢你”的。“should/oughtto+have+动词过去分词”用来评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评之意。言外之意是孩子们没有说谢谢。因此，答案为C。

20.

Hepaintedhisbedroomblack.Itlooksdarkanddreary.Heshouldchooseadifferentcolor.A.hadtochooseB.shouldhavechosenC.musthavechosenD.couldhavebeenchoosing正确答案：B[解析]本题考查时态。句意为：他将自己的卧室粉刷成黑色，看上去黑暗且沉闷；他本应选一个不同的颜色。“should/oughtto+have+动词过去分词”用来对过去应该做而实际并未做的动作进行评论，含有批评之意。因此，答案为B。

Section2:ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Thenblankenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

Inarecentsurvey,GarberandHohzconcludedthattheaveragehalf-hourchildren'stelevisionshowcontains47violentacts.WhenaskedaboutthesurveynetworktelevisionexecutiveJeanPaterresponded."Isureasheckdon'tthinkthatBugsBunny'spouringaglassofmilkoverachip-munk'sheadisviolence."Unfortunately,bothGarberandHoltzandPaterbegthequestion.Therealissueiswhetherchildrenviewsuchactsasviolence.

Theviolenceprogrammingaimedatchildrenalmostalwaysappearsinthecontextoffantasy.Cartoonviolencegenerallyincludesanimation,humor,andaremotesetting.Thereisnoevidenceofdirectimitationoftelevisionviolencebychildren,thoughthereisevidencethatfantasyviolencecanenergizepreviouslylearnedaggressiveresponsesuchasaphysicalattackonanotherchildduringplay.Itisbynomeansclear,however,thattheviolenceinaportrayalissolelyresponsibleforthisenergizingeffect.Rather,theevidencesuggeststhatanyexcitingmaterialcantriggersubsequentaggressivebehaviorandthatitistheexcitationratherthantheportrayalofviolencethatinstigatesorenergizesanysubsequentviolentbehavior."Cold"imitationofviolencebychildrenisextremelyrare,andtheveryoccasionalevidenceofdirect,imitativeassociationsbetweentelevisionviolenceandaggressivebehaviorhasbeenlimitedtoextremelynovelandviolentactsbyteenagersoradultswithalreadyestablishedpatternsofdeviantbehavior.Theinstitutionaleffectmeans,intheshortterm,thatexposuretoviolentportrayalscouldbedangerousifshortlyaftertheexposure(within15to20minutes),thechildhappenstobeinasituationthatcallsforinterpersonalaggression'asanappropriateresponse,forexample,anargumentbetweensiblingsoramongpeers.Thissameinstitutionaleffect,however,couldbeproducedbyotherexcitingbutnonviolenttelevisioncontentorbyanyotherexcitationalsource,including,ironically,aparent'sturningofftheset.

Sothereisnoconvincingcausalevidenceofanycumulativeinstigationaleffectssuchasmoreaggressiveorviolentdispositionsinchildren.Infact,passivityisamorelikelylongtermresultofheavyviewingoftelevisionviolence.Theevidencedoesnotwarrantthestrongconclusionsadvancedbymanycriticswhotendtousetelevisionviolenceasascapegoattodrawpublicattentionawayfromtherealcausesofviolence—causeslikeabusivespousesandparentsandaculturethatcelebratesviolencegenerally.1.

Theword"beg"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.doubtB.confirmC.agreeD.disagree正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Unfortunately，bothGarberandHoltzandPaterbegthequestion”可知，不幸的是，他们质疑这个问题。选项中的A项为“怀疑”符合文意。B项“确认”，C项“同意”，D项“不同意，反对”，这三项均不符合题意。

2.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.A.correctapopularmisconceptionB.solveaserioussocialproblemC.criticizesomeearlierresearchD.proposesometheoriesoncrime正确答案：A[解析]根据第一段最后一句“Therealissueiswhetherchildrenviewsuchactsasviolence.”和最后一段第一句“Sothereisnoconvincingcausalevidenceofanycumulativeinstigationaleffectssuchasmoreaggressiveorviolentdispositionsinchildren.”可知，真正的问题在于孩子是否将这样的行为看做暴力。然而，并没有令人信服的证据证明这些暴力和侵略性的行为在孩子身上有累积的刺激影响。所以A项“纠正一种普遍的误解”符合题意。B项“解决一个严重的社会问题”，C项“批评一些早期的研究”，D项“提出一些犯罪理论”，文章的目的只是纠正一种社会普遍的误解，而不是其他，所以这三项都不正确。

3.

Thephase"bynomeans"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.notatallB.alittleC.notD.apparently正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Itisbynomeansclear，however，”可知，然而，这根本不清楚。选项中的A项为“根本不”符合文意。B项“一点”，C项“否”，D项“明显地”，这三项均不符合题意。

4.

Accordingtotheauthor,theimmediateeffectofTVcartoonsonchildrenisthattheybecome______.A.violentB.excitedC.imaginativeD.aggressive正确答案：B[解析]根据第二段的内容“theevidencesuggeststhatanyexcitingmaterialcantriggersubsequentaggressivebehaviorandthatitistheexcitationratherthantheportrayalofviolencethatinstigatesorenergizesanysubsequentviolentbehavior.”可知，电视动画片让孩子们感到兴奋，所以B项符合题意。A项“变得暴力”，C项“变得有创造力”，D项“变得好斗”，这和文中第二段内容不符合。

5.

Theword"ironically"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.sarcasticallyB.surprisingC.astoundingD.sneering正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“including．ironically，aparent'sturningofftheset”可知，具有讽刺意味的是，父母关掉开关。选项中的A项为“讽刺地”符合文意。B项“吃惊地”，C项“震惊地”，D项“轻蔑地”，这三项均不符合题意。

6.

Theboldfacedword"appropriate"inParagraph2means______.A.moralB.agreeableC.normalD.polite正确答案：C[解析]根据第二段的内容“thechildhappenstobeinasituationthatcallsforinterpersonalaggressionasanappropriateresponse,forexample,anargumentbetweensiblingsoramongpeers”可以推断出appropriate在此处的意思是“适当的”，C项“正常的；正规的，标准的”和它意思相近。A项“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”。B项“令人愉快的；和蔼可亲的”，D项“有礼貌的，客气的；文雅的；上流的；优雅的”。这三项和appropriate意思都不同。

7.

IfthereisanargumentbetweensiblingsonehouraftertheirwatchingsomeTVviolence,thesechildrenwould______.A.likelyfallintoastateoftotalpassivitytotheirparentsB.likelybehavelessaggressivelythanonotheroccasionsC.unlikelyresorttoanyviolentactionsbutkeeppeacefulD.unlikelybemoreviolentthanwithoutwatchingtheprogram正确答案：D[解析]根据第二段的内容“intheshortterm，thatexposuretoviolentportrayalscouldbedangerousifshortlyaftertheexposure(within15

to20minutes)”可知，在短时间内，如果孩子们看完暴力影片之后不久(15～20分钟)就陷入暴力之中，那是危险的。但是，题目所说是一个小时后，所以D项正确。A项“好像陷入一种完全对父母的被动状态中”，B项“比其他场合攻击性好像弱了”，C项“不可能陷入暴力活动中，只是保持和平状态”，这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。

8.

Theword"scapegoat"underlinedinthelastParagraphrefersto______.A.someonepunishedfortheerrorsofothersB.victimC.casualtyD.crew正确答案：A[解析]根据文中最后一段的内容“Theevidencedoesnotwarrantthestrongconclusionsadvancedbymanycriticswhotendtousetelevisionviolenceasascapegoattodrawpublicattentionawayfromtherealcausesofviolence”可知，电视暴力成了替罪羊。选项中的A项为“替别人的错误受到惩罚的人”符合文意。B项“受害者”，C项“伤亡者”，D项“工作人员”，这三项均不符合题意。

9.

Astheevidenceshows,whowouldmostlikelyimitateTVviolence?A.Thechildrenwhoaretheonlychildofthefamily.B.Thechildrenwhoareextraordinarilyimaginative.C.Thechildrenwholiketoactagainsttherules.D.ThechildrenwholikefantasyTVprograms.正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“violentactsbyteenagersoradultswithalreadyestablishedpatternsofdeviantbehavior.”可知，那些喜欢违背规则的孩子容易模仿电视暴力，所以C正确。A项“家庭里的独生子女”，B项“非常有创造力的孩子”，D项“喜欢幻想电视节目的孩子”，这三项都不符合文意和题意。

10.

Thelastparagraphindicatesthetruththat______.A.TVviolencemakessomechildrenmoreviolentandothersmorepassiveB.thelong-termexposuretoTVviolenceisthemajorcauseofviolenceC.violencehaslittletodowithTVbutmuchwithchildren'snatureD.thefamilyandsocialenvironmentplayabigroleinchildren'sviolence正确答案：D[解析]根据文中最后一段的内容“Theevidencedoesnotwarrantthestrongconclusionsadvancedbymanycriticswhotendtousetelevisionviolenceasascapegoattodrawpublicattentionawayfromtherealcausesofviolence-causeslikeabusivespousesandparentsandaculturethatcelebratesviolencegenerally.”可知，暴力的真正原因是：虐待配偶和父母，以及经常赞美暴力的文化环境。也就是说，家庭和社会环境在孩子的暴力行为上占据重要角色，所以应该选择D。A项“电视暴力使一些孩子变得更暴力，另一些更被动”，B项“长期暴露在电视暴力中是孩子暴力的主要原因”，C项“暴力和电视关系很小，但是和孩子的本性关系很大”，这三项和文中最后一段内容不符合。

Thefieldofmedicinehasalwaysattracteditsshareofquacksandcharlatans—disreputablewomenandmenwithlittleornomedicalknowledgewhopromisequickcuresatcheapprices.Thereasonswhyquackerythriveseveninmodemtimesareeasytofind.

Tobeginwith,painseemstobeachronichumancondition.Apersonwhosebodyormindhurtswilloftenpayanyamountofmoneyforthepromiseofrelief.Second,eventhebestmedicaltreatmentcannotcurealltheillsthatbesetmenandwomen.Peoplewhomistrustordislikethetruthsthattheirphysicianstellthemoftenturntomoresympatheticears.

Manypeoplelackthetrainingnecessarytoevaluatemedicalclaims.Giventhechoicebetween(a)areputablephysicianwhosaysacureforcancerwillbelong,expensiveandmaynotworkatall,and(b)asalespersonwhosaysthatseveralbottlesofasecretformula"snakeoil"willcurenotonlycancerbuttuberculosisaswell,someindividualswilloptfor"snakeoil".

Many"snakeoil"remediesarehighlylacedwithalcoholornarcoticdrugs.Anyonewhodrinksthemmaygetsodrunkorstonedthattheydrowntheirpainsintherisingtideofpleasantintoxication.Littlewonderthat"snakeoil"isapopularcure-allforminorachesandhurts!Butlettherebenomisunderstandings.Averyfew"homeremedies"actuallywork.However,mostremediessoldbyquacksarenotonlyuseless,butoftencanbeharmfulaswell.11.

Inthispassage,aquackoracharlatanissomeonewho______.A.hasaspecialabilityB.haslittleknowledgeC.isnotagooddoctorD.pretendstobeadoctor正确答案：D[解析]本题考查词义理解。根据文章第一句话“Thefieldofmedicinehasalwaysattracteditsshareofquacksandcharlatans-disreputablewomenandmenwithlittleornomedicalknow-ledgewhopromisequickcuresatcheapprices.”可知，庸医和骗子是指那些本身缺乏医学知识或没有医学知识却又许诺能以较低的价钱快速治愈病人的声名狼藉的人。据此推断，答案是D。

12.

Thesentence"painseemstobeachronichumancondition"meanspainseemsto______.A.beveryseriousB.beverydifficultC.lastforalongtimeD.bealwayshappening正确答案：D[解析]本题考查词义理解。根据“painseemstobeachronichumancondition”可知，痛苦好像是一种不断发生的人类状态。chronic“习惯性的，慢性的，长期的”。A项“严肃的”；B项“十分苦难的”；C项“持续很长时间”；D项“总是发生”。所以，答案是D。

13.

Quackerythriveseveninmodemtimesbecause______.A.patientspayanyamountofmoneyB.patientsdonotliketheirphysiciansC.quackssaythattheycanhelppatientsD.bestmedicaltreatmentcostsverymuch正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句和第二段中的“Therea