翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题23

翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题23ReadingComprehension

DrugHelpsSmokersQuitandLoseWeight

药物帮助抽烟者戒烟和减肥

F（江南博哥）orallthosesmokerswhowanttoquitbuthaven'tbecausethey'reafraidofpackingonthepounds,researchershaveexcitingnews.

Anewdrugcalledrimonabanthelpedsmokerskickthehabitandevenlosealittleweightintheprocess,accordingtoapresentationmadethisweekattheAmericanCollegeofCardiology'sannualmeetinginNewOrleans.

"Itisearly,butourfindingsareverypromising,"saysco-researcherDr.LowellDale,associatedirectoroftheMayoClinicNicotineDependenceCenterinRochester,Minn."Thismedicationreallyappearstohavethepotentialtoassistinstoppingsmokingandcontrollingweightwhilestopping,whichcouldsignificantlyreducetheriskofcardiovasculardisease."

ThefindingswereannouncedjustbeforeastudyintheMarch10issueoftheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthatsmoking,obesityandasedentarylifestyleareresponsibleformorethan800,000deathsintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Tobacco,accordingtothereport,isthebiggestkiller,causing435,000deaths.

"Tohaveadrugwhichcouldgettotwoofthemajorlifestyleproblemsassociatedwithheartandvasculardiseasewouldjustbeincredible,"sayscardiologistDr.StephenSiegelofNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter.

Dr.LaMarMcGinnis,aseniormedicalconsultantwiththeAmericanCancerSociety,agrees."Ifthisdrugdoeshaveminimalsideeffectsandconsequences,thenthebenefitscouldbeenormous."

"Weareexcitedaboutthepotentialforthis,butweareinawait-and-seemode,"headds,notingthatmoreresearch,particularlylong-termstudies,needstobedone.

Thecurrentstudyfollowed787smokerswhowere"motivated"tostopsmoking,accordingtoDale.They'dbeensmokingfor11to24yearsandaveraged23cigarettesaday.

One-thirdofthegroupwasgivenaplacebo,anotherthirdreceived5milligramsdailyofrimonabant,andthefinalthirdreceived20milligramsofrimonabantonceaday.

Treatmentstartedtwoweekspriortothevolunteers'quitday,andcontinuedforeightweeks.Theparticipantscouldn'tuseanyadditionalmeasurestostopsmoking—suchasnicotinereplacement,antidepressantsorbehavioraltherapy—duringtheclinicaltrialandinthethreemonthsleadinguptothetrial.

Almost28percentofthosetaking20milligramsofrimonabantwereabletostopsmokingduringthestudyperiod.Bycomparison,only15.6percentofthosetakingthelowdoseofrimonabantweresuccessfulintheirquitattempt,and16.1percentofthosetakingaplacebostoppedsmoking.

What'smore,thoseonthehighdoseofrimonabantmanagedtoloseslightlymorethanhaftapoundduringthestudyperiod,whilethosegivenaplacebogained2.5pounds.

Sideeffectsappearedtobeminimal.Themostcommon,accordingtoDale,wasnausea.

RimonabantisthefirstinanewclassofdrugsthattargettheEndoCannabinoidsystem,whichislocatedinthebrainandotherareasofthebody.Dalesaysthissystemisstimulatedbynicotineandpossiblybyovereating.Whenit'sstimulated,dopamine—aneurotransmitter—isreleased,causingfeelingsofpleasure,whichreinforcesthebehavior,hesays.

"Thisdrugblocksthissystem,sothatwhenpeopleeatorsmoke,theydon'tgetthesameresponse,whichtendstodecreasethebehavior,"Daleexplains.

Hesaystherearetwomoreclinicaltrialsinprogress,andayear-longtrialtoassessthelong-termeffectsofthemedicationisplanned.HesayshebelievesthemanufacturerofrimonabantwilllikelybegintheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationapprovalprocessbytheendofthisyearorearlynextyear.

Atthesameconference,Canadianresearchersreportedonatrialofmorethan1,000peoplewithbodymassindexes(BMIs)over27.ABMIabove24isconsideredoverweight.Thosewhotook20milligramsdailyofrimonabantlostanaverageof20poundsandmorethanthreeinchesofftheirwaistcircumference.Theyalsoloweredtheircholesterollevelsby25percentandtheirtriglyceridelevelsby15percent,thestudyfound.

Siegelsayshisbigconcernaboutrimonabantisthatyoumayneedtostayonitindefinitely,particularlyifyou'retakingitforovereating.

"Thelongandshortofitisthatthisdrugisextremelyenticingandthought-provokinginthermsoftheactualdrug,andintermsofhowsomeofourdependenciesdevelop,"saysSiegel.1.

"Packingonthepounds"inthefirstsentencemeans______.A.savingmoneyB.endingupinapolicestationC.costingextramoneyD.increasingweight正确答案：D

2.

Whatmightbethe"twomajorlifestyleproblems"thatDr.StephenSiegelmentioned?A.Cardiovasculardiseaseandsmoking.B.Smokingandobesity.C.Smokingandasedentarylifestyle.D.Heartandvasculardisease.正确答案：B

3.

Thepassageindicatesthat______.A.adailyintakeof5mgofrimonabantisnotsoeffectiveastakingplaceboB.themorerimonabantyoutake,themorechancesofquittingsmokingthereisC.thelongeryoutakerimonabant,themoreeffectiveitisD.takingadditionalmeasureswhiletakingrimonabantcanreducetheeffectivenessofthedrug正确答案：A

4.

Themechanismoftheefficacyofrimonabantisthat______.A.iteliminatestheEndoCannabinoidsystemB.itpreventstheEndoCannabinoidsystemfrombeingstimulatedC.itstopsnicotinefromcausingdopaminetobereleasedD.ithelpsreinforcepeople'sfeelingofpleasure正确答案：B

5.

Onepossiblesideeffectofrimonabantisthatit______.A.mightreducethecholesterolandtriglyceridelevelsinpatientsB.reducesthepatients'waistcircumferenceC.maycauseaddictiontoitD.maybethought-provoking正确答案：C

Somepeopleassociatemigrationmainlywithbirds.Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.Whentheweatherturnscold,theytravelsouthuntilspring.Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.TheyswimonlytotheGulfofAlaska.Inthespring,malesandfemalesallreturntotheislands,andtherethecyclebeginsagain.Whalesareamongthegreatestmigratorsofall.Thehumpbackandbluewhalesmigratethousandsofmileseachyearfromthepolarseastothetropics.Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton.Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.6.

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.peoplemigratelikeanimalsB.onlybirdsmigrateC.thefemalefursealsmigrateonlytotheGulfofAlaskaD.notallmammalsmigrate正确答案：D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据常识可知，A项不正确；根据第一段第二句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances，butmammalsalsomigrate.”可知，B项错误；根据第一段第六、七句“AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”可知，C项错误。故这三项均可排除。所以，答案是D。

7.

Thephrase"Anexample"underlinedinParagraph1referstoanexampleofa______.A.migratorymammalB.placewhereanimalsmigrateC.migratingbirdD.personwhoassociatesmigrationwithbirds正确答案：A[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二、三句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances，butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou...”可知，上文提到哺乳动物也迁徙，紧接着就说其中一个例子是……。所以，这个例子应指迁徙的哺乳动物。因此，答案是A。

8.

AllthemammarsalementionedasmigratingonesEXCEPT______.A.caribouB.finwhaleC.reindeerD.Alaskafurseal正确答案：B[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第三句和第六句“Anexampleisthecaribou，reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.”可知，caribou，reindeer和Alaskafurseal都被以哺乳动物提及。所以，只有B项没有提及。因此，答案是B。

9.

WherecanyouSeefromtheairthemigrationofthemammals?A.InthePribilotIslands.B.IntheBeringSea.C.InsouthernCalifornia.D.InnorthernCanada.正确答案：D[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第三、五句“Anexampleisthecaribou，reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada...Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.”可知，驯鹿在加拿大北部的草原吃草，他们的迁徙路径可以清晰地从空中看到。因此，答案为D。

10.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Whalesbreedinwinter.B.Youngwhalesaregivenbirthincoldwaters.C.Alaskafursealsgivebirthtotheyoungonlyinonearea.D.Alaskafursealsareborninwarmweather.正确答案：B[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据文章最后一句“Inwinter，thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”可知，在冬天，Alaskafurseals迁徙到温水中去繁殖和生养后代。故B项说法不正确。所以，答案是B。

11.

Together______ofAlaskafursealsswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.A.mothersandtheyoungB.fathersandtheyoungC.parentsandtheyoungD.sealsandwhales正确答案：C[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章中的“TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.”可知，母海豹和幼海豹会从白令海到北美太平洋海岸；而公海豹也会从白令海南下，只不过他们没有母海豹和幼海豹走的远罢了。所以，答案是C。

12.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?A.Whalesmigratetobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.B.Whale-watchinginBostoninsummerisattracting.C.Sealsbreedinthenorthbeforemigration.D.Reindeerfeedongrass.正确答案：B[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据文章最后一句“Inwinter，thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”第七句“ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”第三句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.”可知，A、C、D三句在文中都有提及。只有B项在文中没有提到。所以，答案是B。

13.

Whalesliveon______.A.tinyplantsandanimalsintheseaB.thegrassyslopesofnorthernCanadaC.theiryoungincoldwinterD.theabundantseafoodintropicwaters正确答案：A[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二、三句“Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton(浮游生物)．Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.”可知，鲸以大量浮游生物为生。所以，答案是A。

14.

Howmanykindsofmigratingmammalsarementionedinthepassage?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.正确答案：B[解析]本题考查细节理解。阅读文章可知，文中主要提到了reindeer，theAlaskafurseal和Whales这三种迁徙的哺乳动物。所以，答案是B。

15.

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThreeTypesofWhalesB.BirdsMigrationC.MammalsAlsoMigrateD.SeveralKindsofMigration正确答案：C[解析]本题考查主旨大意。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲不仅仅是鸟类迁徙，一些哺乳动物也迁徙，并讲述了三种迁徙的哺乳动物。文章并未仔细谈及几种类型的迁徙。所以，答案是C。

APartnershipNoMore

断交

SuchwasJamieDimon'sstatuswithinthefinancialservicesindustrythatthenewsofhishiringinMarch2000spurredanimmediate20%popinBankOne'sstockprice,subsequentlytermedthe"Jamiepremium."

Dimon'sreputationstemmedfromhis17yearsatCitigroupInc.anditspredecessorcompanies,whereheservedassecond-in-commandandheirapparenttochiefexecutiveSandyWeill.ThetwobecamefamousatpredecessorTravelersGroupfortheirabilitytopurchaseunderperformingcompaniesandimprovethem.TheycappedoffthatprocesswithatransformingmergerwithCiticorpin1998.

AsubsequentfalloutwithWeillleftDimonwithtimetomullhiscareeroptions.TakingtheBankOnelabfollowingthedepartureofthatcompany'slong-timeCEO,JohnB.McCoy,wasamajorcareergamble.BankOne'smyriadproblemsatthetimeincludedseverecreditlosses,acreditcardunithemorrhagingcustomers,afailedInternetstrategyandaretailfranchiselanguishingfromunderinvestment.

ButDimoninvested$58millionofhisownmoneyinBankOne'sthen-seriouslydevaluedstock,rolleduphissleevesandsattowork.Hebeganwithamanagementhousecleaning.Threeyearslater,virtuallynoseniorexecutivesremainfromtheMcCoyBuffed.Mostofthenewteam,notsurprisingly,hailsfromCitigroup,althoughonenotableexceptionwasAustinR.Adams,formertechnologyguruatWachoviaCorp.

Anothercasualtywasthe"UncommonPartnership,"asloganusedwithinBankOneduringtheMcCoyeratodescribethecompany'sthen-decentralizedmanagementandoperationalstyle.Bygrantingacquiredbanksahighdegreeofautonomy,thePartnershipwasdesignedtoencouragepotentialtargetstojointheBankOnefamily.

ThedownsideoftheUncommonPartnershipwasoperationalinefficiency,whichbecamemoremanifestasBankOnepurchasedever-largerbanksinthe'90s."ItwaskindoflikeamedievalmapofEuropewherethecitystatesdidnotinteractwitheachother,"saysanalystBrockVandervliet,withLehmanBrothersinNewYork.

Inadditiontobeingexpensive,thisarrangementmadeitdifficultforBankOnetocarryoutanycompany-wideproductinnovationormarketing.Alackofcentralizedcreditcontrolsalsocausedproblems.

Recognizingthesehandicaps,McCoybeganmovingasearlyas1995toshiftfromageographicallybasedtoaline-of-businessmanagementsystem.Butallthe"mergerofequals"politicsinvolvedinthe1998acquisitionofFirstChicagoNBDCorp.delayedmuchofthesystemsintegration.UntilAdamstookchargeoftheintegrationprojectin2001,forexample,thecompanystilloperatedsevendifferentdepositsystems.

Dimonandhisteamhavesweptawaythelastofthemanagerialfiefdomsandfinallymovedthecompanytoaone-hankmodel,withcorporate-widemarketingandbranding.Lastyear,forexample,thecreditcardunitshedits"FirstUSA"labelandbecameknownasBankOneCardServices.Thecompany's1,800branchesarecurrentlybeingrefurnishedtogivethemmoreofacommonlook.

"I'mnotanimagefanaticthatsaysweneedtobebrandedinacertainconsistentamidexactwayeverywhere,butthereisastandardweshouldsetforourselves,"saysexecutivevicepresidentandretailherbCharlesW.Scharf.

SomevestigesoftheUncommonPartnershipcontinuetolingerinremotecomersofthefranchise,however.ScharfrecallsvisitingasouthChicagosuburblastyearanddiscoveringsomebranchesclosedinthemiddleoftheweek—floutingtheindustrytrendofextendedhours.ThelocalmanagerexplainedthatbankbranchesinthattownhadalwaysbeenclosedonWednesday."LasttimeIchecked,Wednesdaywasanormalbusinessdayforthepublic,"saysScharf,whoquicklychangedtheout-datedpolicy.16.

HowdidJamieDimonattainhiscurrentreputation?A.HemanagedtobringupBankOne'sstockpriceby20%.B.HeservedatCitigroupInc.andotherfamouscompaniesfor17years.C.Hewassecond-in-commandwithCitigroupInc.D.Hehadmanyyearsofexecutiveexperienceaswellastheabilitytoimprovebusinesses.正确答案：D

17.

WhydidtheauthorsaythattakingtheBankOnelabwasamajorcareergambleforDimon?A.BecauseSandyWeill,byleavingthecompany,puthiminverydifficultsituations.B.BecauseJohnＢ.McCoyleftBankOneatatimeofthecompanyreform.C.BecauseCitigroupInc.justmergedwithCiticorpin1998.D.Becausethecompanywasfacedwithnumerousdifficultieswhenhetookover.正确答案：D

18.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofDimoninreformingthebank?A.Heboughtinbigamountofthecompany'sstock.B.Hecalleduphismanagerialstafftoappraisethecompanyresources.C.HekeptAustinR.Adamsinhisexecutivegroup.D.Hedismantledthe"UncommonPartnership"systemofmanagement.正确答案：B

19.

ItcanbeconcludedthatMcCoy______.A.wasnotabletoimplementhisplanofintegratingthebanksystemB.wasnotsuccessfulinintroducingtheUncommonPartnershipmanagementsystemC.wasinfavorofademocraticmanagementsystemD.failedinhisreformduetopoliticalinfluences正确答案：A

20.

Thelastsentenceoftheparagraphistellingusthat______.A.ScharfisalsoanimportantpersonbesidesDimonB.ScharfisalwaysreadytoacceptpublicopinionsandadjustthecompanypoliciesC.BankOnehassuccessfullyimplementeditsnewmanagementsystemD.BankOnehasadoptedademocraticmodelofmanagementstyle正确答案：C

EthicsOfficeBacksInteriorOfficial

民族部支持内政部的官员

TheOfficeofGovernmentEthicssaidtheInteriorDepartment'sNo.2official,StevenGriles,didnotappeartoviolateethicsrulesbyarrangingmeetingsbetweenInteriorofficialsandhisformerlobbyingclientsandpartners.

Theoffice,afterreviewingan18-monthinvestigationbytheInteriorDepartment'sinspectorgeneral,saiditfoundnoethicsviolationsbyGrilesinthedepartment'sawardingofmorethan$1.6millionicontractsin2001and2002toAdvancedPowerTechnologiesInc.,aformerclient.

InteriorDepartmentInspectorGeneralEarlDevaneysaidGriles'behavioristhelatestcaseofanInteriorofficialfallingtoconsiderperceivedimproprietyinhisactions.Healsocalledthedepartment'sunderfundedethicsoffice"atrainwreckwaitingtohappen."

InteriorSecretaryGaleNortonandRepublicansinCongresssaidthereportclearsGrilesofanywrongdoing.Grilesisgratifiedbythefindingthathehad"adheredtoethicslawsandrules."

"Iamgladthismatterisbehindme,"hesaiD．

Sen.JoeLieberman,D-Conn.,calledDevaney'sreportacaseofthe"foxesguardingthefoxes,"sayingthequestionableconductandspecialtreatmentgiventoGriles'formerclients"cannothelpbutleaveasourtasteinthemouthofanyonewhobelievesinthefairnessofgovernment."

EnvironmentalistshadallegedthatGrileshelpedformerclientslandgovernmentcontracts,intervenedinanenvironmentalstudyofcoalbedmethanedevelopmentinWyoming,andheldadinnerforseniordepartmentofficialsatthehomeofhisformerlobbyingpartner.

Twomatters—thecoalbedmethaneanalysisandtheInteriorDepartmentdinner—werereferredtoNortonbytheOfficeofGovernmentEthicsforpossibleaction.NortonsaidtheyhadbeenadequatelyaddresseD．

"Thisclosestheissue,"Nortonsaidinastatement.

KristenSykesofFriendsoftheEarthdisagreedandsaidGrilesshouldbefireD．

"ItuncoversregularandconsistentbreachesofGriles'ethicsagreementsand,moreimportantly,blatantviolationsofthepublic'strust,"shesaiD．"IfthisWhiteHouseisseriousaboutethicsandaccountability,Mr.Grilesshouldbedismissedimmediately."

Devaneydidnotdrawconclusionsinhisreport,butsaidinalettertothedepartmentthatregardlessofwhetherGrilesbrokethelaw,theappearanceofwrongdoingerodespublictrust.

"Thisistheonlyoneinaseriesofcasesinwhichwehaveobservedaninstitutionalfailuretoconsidertheappearanceofaparticularcourseofconduct,"hewrote."Itismyhope,however,thatthismaybethecasethatchangestheethicalcultureinthedepartment."

Lastmonth,Devaneyclearedthedepartment'sformertoplawyer,BillMyers,ofallegationsthathisofficialactionsbenefitedformerlobbyingclients.AninvestigationisunderwayintowhetherBureauofLandManagementDirectorKathleenClarkeviolatedethicsrulesbyparticipatinginmeetingsregardingalandexchangeinUtah,whereshewasthestate'sdirectorofnaturalresources.

Grilescontinuestoreceive$284,000ayearaspartofafour-yearseverancepackagefromhisformerlobbyingfirm.

InApril2002,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgencywasabouttoobjecttoanenvironmentalstudyofcoalbedmethanedrillinginWyomingwhenGrilesinterveneD．Inaphonecallandletter,heurgedEPAtoresolveitsdifferencestokeeptheprojectontrack.AtleastsixofGriles'sformerclientshadinterestintheproject.

De