翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题22

翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题22ReadingComprehension

TheGreenhouseEffect

温室效应

Theairwebreathekeepsus（江南博哥）aliveinmorewaysthanone.Withoutouratmosphere,averageglobaltemperaturewouldbeaboutminus18℃(minus0.4℉)insteadofthepresent15℃(59℉).Alltheincomingsunlight,withenergyequivalenttoaboutthree100-wattlightbulbspersquareyard,wouldstrikeEarth'ssurface,causingittoemitinfraredwaveslikeagiantradiator.Thatheatwouldsimplytravelunimpededbackoutintothevoid.

Becauseoftheatmosphere,however,onlyafractionofthatheatmakesitdirectlybackintospace.Therestistrappedinthelowerairlayers,whichcontainanumberofgases-watervapor,CO2,methane,andothersthatabsorbtheoutgoinginfraredradiation.Asthosegasesheatup,someoftheirwarmthradiatesbackdowntothesurface.Theentireprocessiscalledthegreenhouseeffect,andmostofitiscausedbythepredominantgreenhousegas,watervapor.

Withincreasedheating,morewaterevaporatesfromoceans,lakes,andsoils.Becauseawarmeratmospherecanholdmorewatervapor,thiscreatesapowerfulfeedbackloop:Thehotteritgets,thehigherthewatervaporcontentoftheair,andthusthegreaterthegreenhousewarming.

Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeofwaterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensifytheeffect.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)estimatesthatrisingCO2emissions,mostlyfromburningfossilfuels,accountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince1850.Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingabout0.3percentayear,anditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Ifcurrentratescontinue,itwillrisetoatleasttwicepre-industriallevelsbyabout2060andbytheendofthecenturycouldbefourtimesashigh.ThatisparticularlyworrisomebecauseCO2lifetimeismorethanahundredyearsintheatmosphere,comparedwitheightdaysforwatervapor.

Methane,theprincipalingredientofnaturalgas,hascausedanestimated15percentofthewarminginmoderntimes.Generatedbybacteriainricefields,decomposinggarbage,cattleranching,andfossilfuelproduction,methanepersistsintheatmospherefornearlyadecadeandisnowabout2.5timesasprevalentasitwasinthe16thcentury.Othermajorgreenhousegasesincludenitrousoxideproducedbybothagricultureandindustryandvarioussolventsandrefrigerantslikechlorofluorocarbons,orCFCs,whicharenowbannedbyinternationaltreatybecauseoftheirdamagingeffectonEarth'sprotectiveozonelayer.

TherelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegaseshasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsglobalaveragetemperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch.Yetthe"littleiceage,"ananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfields,wascausedbyachangeofonlyhalfadegreeC.

Buthowcrediblearecurrentprojection?Thecomputermodelsusedtoprojectgreenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatearapidlygrowingfundofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetectadefinitive"signature"ofhumanactivityintheworld'swidelyfluctuatingclimaterecord.1.

Themainpartoftheheatcausedbysunlightisabsorbedby______.A.thelowerairlayersB.anumberofgasesinthelowerairlayersC.theearth'ssurfaceD.watervapor正确答案：B

2.

Paragraphs4and5dealwithothergreenhousegasesmanymake______.A.byburningfossilfuelsB.bybacteriainricefieldsC.byCO2,methane,andnitrousoxideD.bothAandB正确答案：D

3.

Theword"relentless"inthefirstsentenceofParagraph6"TherelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegaseshasledtheIPCCtoprojectthat"means______.A.withoutpermissionB.withoutpityC.lesssevereD.lessharmful正确答案：B

4.

Whichofthestatementsaboutvolumeofwaterinatmosphereistrue?A.Manhasdonealotwithit.B.Manhaslittledirectcontroloverit.C.Manhastakenmeasuresforit.D.Manhasnothingtodowithit.正确答案：B

5.

Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thecomputermodelsusedtoprojectgreenhouseeffectsarenotsatisfactory.B.Theclimateoftheworldhasbeenchanging.C.OurpresentprojectionaboutGreenhouseEffectissomewhatundependable.D.Humanknowledgehasbeenincreasingveryquickly.正确答案：C

Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley's"WildflowerWorksI"wasintheeyeofthebeholder.

Kelley,whonormallyworkswithpaintandcanvas,consideredthetwinovalgardensplantedin1984atDaleyBicentennialParkhismostimportantpiece.

TheChicagoParkDistrictconsidereditapatchofraggedyvegetationonpublicpropertythatcouldbedugupandreplantedatwillliketheflowerboxesalongMichiganAvenue.Andthat'swhathappenedinJune2004,whenthedistrictdecidedtocreateamoreorderlyvistaforpedestrianscrossingfromMillenniumParkviathenewFrankGehryfootbridge.

Ifyou'relookingforevidencethattherubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon'tknowartwhentheyseeit,allyouhavetodoisvisitwhat'sleftofKelley'smasterpiece.Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle,restrainedonallsidesbyaknee-highhedgeandsurroundedbyacloselycroppedlawn.Whitehydrangeasandpinkshrubrosescompletethelook.Wedon'tknowwho'sresponsiblefortheredesign,butwe'llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn'tgowiththefurniture.

Still,you'dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowundertheprairie.Wrong.KelleyjustwonatlawsuitinwhichhearguedthatthegardenwaspublicareandthereforeprotectedbythefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct.Underthatlaw,thedistrictshouldhavegivenhim90days'noticethatitintendedtomesswithhisartworkinsteadofrushingheadlongintothedemolition,alaMeigsField.ThatwayKelleycouldhavemountedalegalchallenge,oratleastremovedtheplants.

ParkDistrictofficialssaidtheyneverconsideredthegardenaworkofart,eventhoughitwasinstalledbyanestablishedartistandnot,say,Joe'sSodandLandscaping.Wecanunderstandtheirconfusion.Justrecently,wefiguredoutthatthecagedgreenerydirectlysouthofPritzkerPavilionissupposedtobeanarchitecturalstatementandnotaChristmastreelot.

Allthat'sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss.Whateverpricethepartiessettleon,let'shopetheagreementalsoprovidesfortheremovaloftherestof"WildflowerWorksI."

Ifitwas'taneyesorebefore—andplentyofpeoplethoughtitwas...itsureisnow.6.

ItisimpliedinthefirstParagraphthatthepublic______.A.paidlittleattentionto"WildflowerWorksI"B.appreciatedthevalueof"WildflowerWorksI"C.toleratedtheuglinessof"WildflowerWorksI"D.hadtheirownviewson"WildflowerWorksI"正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley's'WildflowerWorksI'wasintheeyeofthebeholder.在查普曼·凯利的作品‘野花工程’中，观众们看到了它的价值所在，如同他们从所有艺术作品中看到的一样。”可知，B项“公众很欣赏野花工程I的价值”符合题意。A项“公众对野花工程I不是很重视”，C项“公众要忍受野花工程I的不雅”，D项“公众对野花工程I有自己的观点”，这三项都和文中第一段表达的意思不符合。

7.

Theword"beholder"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.audienceB.witnessC.observerD.holder正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“intheeyeofthebeholder”可知为在人们的眼里。选项中的C项为“观察者”符合文意。A项“观众”，B项“目击者”，D项“持有者”，这三项均不符合题意。

8.

Theboldfacedword"rubes"inParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.expertsB.laymenC.foolsD.artists正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第四段的“therubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon'tknowart”可知，rubes意为不懂艺术的外行人。选项中的B项为“非专业人士”符合文意。A项“专家”，C项“傻瓜”，D项“艺术家”，这三项均和rubes意思相差甚远。

9.

Accordingtothepassage,theonewhoredesignedtheParkmust______.A.knowKelly'sworkwellB.haveaterribletasteinartC.likeconventionallayoutsD.alwaysputthepublic'sneedfirst正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第四段最后一句话“Wedon'tknowwho'sresponsiblefortheredesign,butWe'llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn'tgowiththefurniture.我们不知道新设计的负责人是谁，但我们知道他家的地毯一定与家具不搭调。”可知，B项“重新设计公园的人的艺术品味一定很差”符合文意。A项“对凯利的作品很了解”，如果很了解凯利的作品就不会对它重新改造，所以A不对；C项“喜欢传统的布局”，D项“总是把公众的需要放在首位”，C、D两项都有可能，但是题目问的是一定，所以都不正确。

10.

Theword"confined"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.restrictB.defineC.preventD.deprive正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle”可知1.5英亩的野花地现在限制成为一个整齐的长方形。选项中的A项为“限制”符合文意。B项“定义”，C项“保护”，D项“剥夺”，这三项均不符合题意。

11.

WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabout"WildflowerWorksI"?A.ItwasdesignedbythefamousartistChapmanKelley.B.TherearetwoovalgardensatDaleyBicentennialPark.C.Thepublicvotedfordemolishingthegardens.D.TheChicagoParkDistrictdidnotdeemitapieceofart.正确答案：C[解析]C项“群众投票拆除花园”在文中没有出现相关内容，所以此说法不正确，符合题意。A项“野花工程I是由著名艺术家查普曼·凯利设计的”，这在文中第一段就已说明；B项内容在第二段后半部分有所体现；D项“芝加哥公园区不把它当作一种艺术”，这在第三段开头有相关内容，所以这三项都符合文意。

12.

Theword"messwith"underlinedinParagraph5mostlikelymeans______.A.disturbB.confuseC.messupD.muddle正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“itintendedtomesswithhisartwork”可知目的是弄糟他的艺术作品。选项中的C项为“弄糟”符合文意。A项“打扰”，B项“混淆”，D项“使糊涂”，这三项均不符合题意。

13.

WhydidKellywinthelawsuit?A.Kellyhadaverycapablelawyer.B.TheParkDistricthadnorighttodemolishit.C.TheParkDistrictshouldtakethepublic'sopinionfirst.D.TheParkDistrictshouldhaveinformedKellyofthedemolition.正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Still,you'dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowundertheprairie.Wrong.”可知，公园是公众财产，因此受联邦《视觉艺术家权法案》保护，所以公园区无权自行决定拆除景观，所以B符合题意。A项“凯利有一个很有能力的律师”，这在文中没有提到；C项“公园区应该首先采取公众的意见”；D项“公园区应该通知凯利公园拆除的消息”，C、D虽在文中提及，但是不是凯利赢得官司的原因。

14.

Theword"compensate"underlinedinParagraph7mostlikelymeans______.A.makeupforB.rewardC.payD.punish正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第七段的内容“Allthat'sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss”可知目的是赔偿他的损失。选项中的A项为“赔偿，”符合文意。B项“奖励”，C项“支付”，D项“惩罚”，这三项均不符合题意。

15.

What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresent"WildflowerWorksI"?A.Hetakesaneutralposition.B.Hebelievesinthelongarmofthelaw.C.Heregardsitamasterpieceofpublicart.D.Heisinfavorofdemolishingtheuglygarden.正确答案：D[解析]根据文中最后一段最后一句的内容可知，作者认为公园现在被改造的真的很丑陋，所以D项“作者支持拆除丑陋的公园”符合文意。A项“作者保持中立的立场”，作者在最后用的词“eyesore眼中钉，难看的东西”这个词语并不是中性词，所以中立立场显然不正确；B项“他相信法律长远的帮助”；C项“他把公园看成是公众的艺术”，B、C两项在文中都没有体现，所以这三项都不符合题意。

Aspirinisoneofthesafestandmosteffectivedrugsinventedbyman.Themostpopularmedicineintheworldtoday,itisaneffectivepainreliever.Itsbadeffectsarerelativelymild.Itisalsocheap.

Formillionsofpeoplesufferingfromarthritis,itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin,inshort,istrulythe20th-centurywonderdrug.Itisalsothesecondlargestsuicidedrugandistheleadingcauseofpoisoningamongchildren.Ithassideeffectsthat,althoughrelativelymild,arelargelyunrecognizedamongusers.

AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaroundmuchlongerthanthat.Hippocrates,inancientGreece,understoodthemedicalvalueoftreebarksandleaveswhichtodayareknowntocontainachemicalfoundinaspirin.Duringthe19thcentury.therewasagreatdealofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,anditledtotheintroductionofaspirin.By1915,aspirintabletswereavailableintheUnitedStates.

Asmallquantityofaspirinrelievespainandinflammation.Italsoreducesfeverbyaffectingsomeofthebody'sreactions.Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachlining.Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwater,butfewpeoplecanstandthebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrashingthetabletsinmilkororangejuice.16.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Aspirinisgoodtoarthritissufferers.B.Aspirinmaybeusedassuicidedrug.C.Aspirinisdangeroustosmallchildren.D.Aspirinhasunrecognizablesideeffects.正确答案：C[解析]是非题型。

见文章第二段：Formillionsofpeoplesufferingfromarthritis,itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin，inshort，istruly...Itisalsothesecondlargestsuicidedrug...arelargelyunrecognizedamongusers．对于数百万关节炎患者来说，阿司匹林是唯一有效的药，简言之，它是20世纪真正的灵丹妙药。它还是第二大的自杀用药和儿童中毒的主要原因。尽管它的副作用很小，用药者却对之不甚了解。由此可知：选项A、B均有提及；虽然文章提及阿司匹林是儿童中毒的主要原因，却没谈及中毒原因，所以不能简单认定它对小儿危险，则选项C未被提及应是答案。而选项D的内容本段最后一句有所提及。

17.

Thesecondparagraphpointsoutthat______.A.aspirinisalwayssafeB.aspirincanbedangerousC.aspirinhasbeenlongusedD.aspirinisnottrulyeffective正确答案：B[解析]推断题型。

第二段谈到：阿司匹林是第二大自杀性药物，会引发儿童中毒，还有一些未被确认的副作用，所以可推论出选项B。

18.

Aspirinwasinventedin______.A.the20thcenturyB.the19thcenturyC.ancientGreeceD.ancientGermany正确答案：B[解析]细节题型。

见文章第三段首句：AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaroundmuchlongerthanthat.和同段倒数第三句：Duringthe19thcentury,therewasagreatdealofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,anditledtotheintroductionofaspirin．选项B正确。

19.

Thethirdparagraphdescribesthe______ofaspirin.A.usesB.valueC.effectsD.history正确答案：D[解析]主旨题型。

第三段的主旨是叙述阿司匹林的历史：追溯到古希腊的医药之父希波克拉底的发现，19世纪面世，1899年首次出售，1915年片剂在美国诞生。选项D正确。

20.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Aspirincanrelievepain.B.Aspirincanreducefever.C.Aspirincanrelieveinflammation.D.Aspirincanreducestomachlining.正确答案：D[解析]是非题型。

见最后一段的第一、二两句：Asmallquantityofaspirinrelievespainandinflammation.Italsoreducesfeverbyaffectingsomeofthebody'sreactions.Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachlining．少量的阿司匹林可消炎止痛，还可通过刺激人的机体反应来退烧；但它对胃粘膜有刺激。所以选项D是答案。

21.

Accordingtothispassage,______mayNOTbetherightwaytotakeaspirin.A.chewingthetabletsB.swallowingthetabletsC.crushingtheminmilkD.puttingthemindishes正确答案：D[解析]细节题型。

文章最后两句(Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwater,butfewpeoplecanstandthebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrashingthetabletsinmilkororangejuice.)说明正确的服药方法中只有选项D未被提及，是答案。

22.

Theauthorofthispassageseemstobe______.A.againstaspirinB.infavorofaspirinC.ignorantofaspirinD.disinterestedinaspirin正确答案：B[解析]态度题型。

从作者在文中所用的词(safest，mosteffective，mostpopular，effective，cheap，theonlythingthatworks)可看出作者对阿司匹林是持肯定态度的，所以选项B正确。

23.

Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe:______.A.WhyDoWeTakeAspirin?B.HowDoWeTakeAspirin?C.Aspirin:TheUnknownSideEffects.D.Aspirin:TheMostPopularMedicine.正确答案：D[解析]主旨题型。

文章开篇就强调了本文的主旨：阿司匹林是现今世界上人类发明的最安全，有效，最受欢迎的药物之一，它还是有效的去痛剂。它的副作用相对较小而且价格便宜。因此选项D是正确答案。

SynchronizedSex

性的同步

byMennoSchilthuizen

Whenthebiologicalclocksofmalesandfemalesareoutofsync,theirsexlivessuffer.Oratleastitdoesiftheyaremelonflies,Japaneseentomologistshavefound.Theysaythatdifferencesindailyrhythmsmightevenpromotetheevolutionofnewspecies.

TakahisaMiyatakeandToruShimizuofOkinawaPrefecturalAgriculturalExperimentalStationmadetheirdiscoverywhilestudyingthemelonflyBactroceracucurbitae,anotoriouspestofmelons,couregttesandothermembersofthegourdfamily.Byselectivebreedingfromfliesthatwerequickesttomatureandmate,theybuiltupapopulationoffastdevelopingindividuals.Inasimilarway,theyalsobredalineofslowdevelopers.After25generations,theslowdevelopers'larvaetookmorethan12daystomature,whilethefastdevelopersmaturedinjust6days.

Totheirsurprise,MiyatakeandShimizunoticedthatthiswasnottheonlydifferencebetweenthetwolines.Innature,themelonfliesmatearounddusk.Butamongthefastdevelopers,sexualactivitypeakedinlateafternoon,onehourbeforedusk,whiletheslowdevelopersonlystartedgettinginterestedinsexaroundthree-and-a-halfhoursafternightfall."Apparently,bothrhythmsareregulatedbythesameclockgene,"saysMiyatake.

Toseehowthiswouldinfluencetheabilityoftheslowandthefastlinestocrossbreed,theresearchersmarkedfliesfrombothlines,putthemtogetherincages,andwatchedtoseewhichmatedwithexpected,whichasmostmatingstookplacebetweenmalesandfemalesfromthesameline.Thefinding,whichwillbereportedinthejournalEvolution,suggeststhatdifferencesinbodyclockscouldcausenewspeciestoevolve.

Miyatakesaysthebehaviourofsomespeciessuggesttheymayhavearisenthisway."Manycloselyrelatedspeciesofinsectdifferintheirdailymatingtime,"hesays."Forexample,theonlythingthatseparatestwootherflies,Bactroceratryoniandbactroceraneohumeralis,isthefactthattheformermatesatdusk,thelatterinthedaytime."

"Thisisinterestingwork,"saysJeffreyFeder,anevolutionarygeneticistwhostudiesfruitfliesattheUniversityofNotreDameinIndiana."ItisveryexcitingthatMiyatakeandShimizuhaveshownhowselectiononthelarvaecanaffectthematingpatterninadultsandpreventcrossbreeding."

Federagreesthattheeffectcouldbeimportantintheevolutionofnewspecies,espe