2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit5Revealingnature第2课时Usinglanguage课时作业含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE1课时作业14Usinglanguageeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.阅读理解)AEveryspringflowerssuddenlycomeouteverywhereonthesameday,asiftheyhadanagreementwithoneanother.Buthowexactlydoplants“know”whentoflower?It'saquestionpuzzlingbiologistsforyears.ButaccordingtoScienceDaily,aUSresearchgroupmayhavefinallyansweredit—thesecretliesinaproteincalledFKF1.Thisallowsplantstosensethedifferencesindaylengthssothattheycantelltheseasonsarechanging.ResearchersfoundtheproteinwhentheywerestudyingaplantcalledArabidopsis.Theyfoundit'saphotoreceptor(感光器).Thismeansit'ssensitiveto,andcanbeactivated(激活)bysunlight.Plantsproducetheproteineverydayinthelateafternoonthroughouttheyear.Ifthere'snolightatthistime,forexample,inwinterwhenthesungoesdownearly,itmaynotbeactivated.Butwhenspringcomesandthedaysgetlonger,itcanbeactivatedbydaylightandtheplants“know”it'stimetoflower.AlthoughresearchershaveonlystudiedhowtheFKF1proteinworksintheArabidopsis,theybelievethattheprocessissimilarinmanyothermorecomplex(困难)plants,includingcropslikericeandwheat.Thiscouldbeusefultotheagriculturalindustry.“Ifwecancontrolthetimingofflowering,wemightbeabletoproducemorecropsbyputtingitforwardorputtingitoff，”aleaderofthestudysaid.“Also,ifwecouldcontrolthetimingoffloweringinhorticultural(园艺的)plants,theymaybeworthmoremoney.”Whatanamazingthingtothinkaboutthis!本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了探讨人员发觉一种叫FKF1的蛋白质告知植物开花的时间。1．Howdoplantsknowwhentoflower?A．Theygetmessagesfromsomeinsects.B．Theyreceivemessagesfromotherplants.C．Acertainproteintellsthemthetimetoflower.D．Sunlightproducesaproteininthemtohelpthemflower.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“ButaccordingtoScienceDaily,aUSresearchgroupmayhavefinallyansweredit—thesecretliesinaproteincalledFKF1.”可知，一种叫FKF1的蛋白质告知植物开花的时间，故C项正确。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A．Thestudymaybenefitagriculturalindustry.B．Wemayhaveplantsthatflowerallyearround.C．Plantsdon'tflowerincoldweatherandshortdays.D．Researchersfoundtheproteinbystudyingriceandwheat.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段中的“Thiscouldbeusefultotheagriculturalindustry.”可知，这项探讨可能对农业有益，故A项正确。3．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsthestudy?A．Negative. B．Positive.C．Uncaring. D．Unclear.答案：B解析：推理推断题。倒数其次段说假如我们能限制开花的时间，我们或许可以通过提前或推迟开花来生产更多的作物。此外，假如我们能限制园艺植物开花的时间，它们可能更值钱，最终一段作者认为这是一件不行思议的事情，由此可知作者对这项探讨持主动的看法，故B项正确。BBreathingdirtyaircomesatahighprice.Airpollutionlowerstheaveragelifespans(寿命)byayearworldwideandinmorepollutedpartsofAsiaandAfrica,dirtyairshortenslivesuptotwicethatmuch.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2024aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry­by­countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat'sknownasfinePM.Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshadlookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.JoshuaApteisanenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlifeexpectancy(预期寿命),histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticles(颗粒)ofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelengthoflife.Thisanalysisshowshowpollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair.Apte'sgroupcalculatedhowholdingpollutiontothislowlevelwouldhelppeople.Incountrieswithverydirtyair,meetingthisstandardwouldlengthenpeople'slives.However,incountrieswhoseairalreadymeetsthisstandard,thestudyshowsnogaininlifeexpectancy.Inotherwords,meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.本文是一篇说明文。在全球范围内，空气污染使人的平均寿命降低了一年，而在污染更严峻的亚洲和非洲地区，空气污染使人的寿命缩短了两倍之多。科学家们在《环境科学与技术快报》上共享了他们的新发觉。该探讨分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。4．Whatisspecialaboutthestudy?A．Itwonrecognitionfromaprofessionaljournal.B．Itdiscussedhealthproblemscausedbyairpollution.C．ItgatheredlotsofdatafortheGlobalBurdenofDisease.D．ItanalyzedthelinkbetweenlifespansandPMbycountry.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2024aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry­by­countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat'sknownasfinePM.(该探讨运用了2024年一个名为“全球疾病负担”(GlobalBurdenofDisease)项目的一部分收集的数据，这是首次对寿命长短与“细颗粒物”(finePM)之间关系进行逐个国家探讨。)可知，探讨的特别之处是该探讨分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。故选D。5．WhatisJoshuaApte'steamtryingtodo?A．Helppeoplebetterunderstandairpollution.B．Studylifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.C．Knowhowsmallairpollutantsaffecthealth.D．Dealwithdifferentkindsofhealthproblems.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中JoshuaApteisanenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlifeexpectancy(预期寿命),histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.(约书亚·阿普特(JoshuaApte)是德克萨斯高校奥斯汀分校的环境科学家。通过视察预期寿命，他的团队希望能让这种威逼更简单理解。)可知，JoshuaApte的团队帮助人们更好地了解空气污染。故选A。6．WhatwillhappenifacountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair?A．People'slifespanswillsurelyincrease. B．ItwillgetstrongsupportfromtheWHO.C．People'shealthmaynotbemuchimproved. D．Itwillguaranteepeoplecleanair.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair.(世界卫生组织(WHO)建议将PM2.5浓度限制在每立方米10微克以内。)和Inotherwords,meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.(换句话说，达到世界卫生组织的标准并不能降低空气污染造成的健康成本，因为即使低于每立方米10微克，污染仍旧会造成严峻的风险。)可知，假如一个国家将PM2.5浓度限制在每立方米10微克，人们的健康状况可能不会有太大改善。故选C。7．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Howcleaninguptheaircanlengthenlives.B．Howairpollutionshortenslivesbycountry.C．Howotherthreatsshortenlifeexpectancy.D．Howallthecountriesdealwithseverepollution.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.(与此同时，科学家们比较了包括吸烟和癌症在内的其他威逼是如何缩短全球寿命的。)由此推知，接下来要探讨的是“其他威逼如何缩短预期寿命”。故选C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.七选五)Haveyoueverbeenboredanddecidedtochecksocialmedia,onlytofindoutthatyourbestfriendisatDisneyland,thatoneofyourclassmatesiseatingdeliciouspizzaatyourfavoritepizzastore,andthatoneofyoursoccerteammatesisclimbingtheEiffelTowerinParis?Haveyoueverhadthatfeelingthatothersareexperiencingthingsandenjoyinglifemorethanyouare?Oh,man!You'remissingout!__1__ResearcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingoutorFOMO.__2__It'ssoeasytodaytoseewhatyourfriendsaredoingfromthesocialmedia.Unluckily,weonlyhavesomuchtimeinthedayandonlysomuchmoneytospendonfoodorentertainment.Itwouldbeimpossibleforustoenjoyallthesameactivitiesweseeotherstakepartinonsocialmedia.Ratherthanrealizingthisbasictruth,though,weusuallyletFOMOleadustocompareourliveswiththoseofothersonsocialmedia.__3__Why?Weknowallthesidesofourlives—bothgoodandbad.Butallweseeonsocialmediaarethepicture­perfectmomentsothersshare.__4__FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently,leadingtoaddictionandanegativecyclethatcanbehardtobreak.ResearchershavefoundthatsocialmediaandFOMOcancauseseriousnegativeresults,includingfeelingofdepression,lonelinessandboredom.__5__Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingtosocialmediaforhappiness.Instead,weshouldfocusourattentiononourreallives,includingthepeoplearoundusandallthethingswe'regratefulfor.A．HaveyoueverexperiencedFOMO?B．Atleastthat'swhatyoumightthink.C．Thiscertainlyleavesusfeelingdissatisfied.D．SohowdowebreakthecycleandavoidFOMO?E．Over75%ofyoungpeoplereportfeelingFOMOfromtimetotime.F．AsfamousTheodoreRooseveltsaid,“Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.”G．IfyouletFOMOcontrolyou,theonlythingyou'llreallybemissingoutonisyourownlife.本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了社交媒体对人们的影响，呼吁人们关注四周真实的世界。1．B解析：依据上文“Haveyoueverhadthatfeelingthatothersareexperiencingthingsandenjoyinglifemorethanyouare?Oh,man!You'remissingout！”可知此处讲解并描述人们自己的感受。故B项“Atleastthat'swhatyoumightthink.”(至少你可能会这么想)很好地承接上文。故选B项。2．E解析：结合上文“ResearcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingoutorFOMO.”及下文“It'ssoeasytodaytoseewhatyourfriendsaredoingfromthesocialmedia.”可知，此句需承上启下，E项“超过75%的年轻人报告说他们时时常会有心情低落的感觉。”承接上文“missingoutorFOMO”，引出下文对于这种感觉的说明。故选E项。3．C解析：依据上文“Ratherthanrealizingthisbasictruth,though,weusuallyletFOMOleadustocompareourliveswiththoseofothersonsocialmedia.”可知人们通常与其他人进行比较；再依据下文“Weknowallthesidesofourlives—bothgoodandbad.Butallweseeonsocialmediaarethepicture­perfectmomentsothersshare.”可知我们只是知道他们的美妙瞬间。C项“Thiscertainlyleavesusfeelingdissatisfied.”(这会使我们不兴奋)承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。4．F解析：依据下文“FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently,leadingtoaddictionandanegativecyclethatcanbehardtobreak.”可知比较会使我们产生消极心情；上文主要讲解并描述攀比使人不舒适。F项中“Comparisonisthethiefofjoy”很好地承上启下。故选F项。5．D解析：依据下文“Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingtosocialmediaforhappiness.”可知探讨人员给出了解决方法；D项“SohowdowebreakthecycleandavoidFOMO？”给出如何解决的疑问。故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.读后续写)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Craigwatchedhisoldsister,Riley,andherfriendLizraceupanddownthelakeontheirskates,avoidingotherhockey(曲棍球)players.Theirskatebladeslookedlikesilversmoke.Whenthegamewasover,thegirlsskateduptothebenchwhereCraigwassitting.CraigaskedRileywhatskatingfeltlike.“WhenIgoreallyfast,IfeellikeI'mflying，”shesaid.That'ssilly,thoughtCraig.Flyingissomethingbirdsdointheair,notsomethingpeopledooniceskates.ThenhewatchedRileygobackoutontheice.Sheskatedaroundandaroundtheedgeofthelakewithherarmspumpingandherscarftrailingbehindher.Soonshewentsofastthatherarmslookedlikewingsandherscarflookedlikeafeatherytail.Maybeskatingreallywaslikeflying.WhenRileysatdowntotakeherskatesoff,Craigsaid,“IwishIcouldfly.”RileyretiedherskatelacesandcrouchednexttoCraig.“Getonmyback，”shesaid,andCraigdid.Rileystartedskating,butCraigdidn'tfeellikehewasflying.Itjustfeltlikeashakingpiggybackride.“You'retooheavy，”Rileysaid.“Ican'tgofastwhenI'mcarryingyou.”Sheskatedslowlybacktothebench.Craiggotoffherback.“Evenifyoucouldgofast,Iwouldn'tbeflying，”hesaidsadly.“Ineedskatestofly.”Rileydidn'tsayanythingonthewalkhome,butafewdayslatersheaskedCraigifhewantedtogoskating.“Towatch？”heasked.“No,toskate，”shesaidcheerfully.“MomandIfoundapairofmyoldskates.Theymightfityou.”Theskateswerealittlebig,butwhenRileystuffednewspaperinthetoes,theyfit.Craigcouldn'tstopsmiling.Hedi