2024-2025学年高中英语Unit24SocietyPeriodFourCommunicationWorkshop学案含解析北师大版选修8

PAGEUnit24SocietyPeriodFourCommunicationWorkshopⅠ.重点单词1．swingvi.摇动2．sentencen.判决3．finen.罚款4．moreoveradv.再者，此外5．abolishvt.废除6．merchantn.商人7．furthermoreadv.此外，而且8．suckvt.含在嘴里吮吸9．prayern.祈祷，祷告→prayv.祈祷10．consequentlyadv.所以，因此→consequentadj.由……引起的→consequencen.后果Ⅱ.核心短语1．let_sb._off不惩处某人2．break_into闯入(行窃)3．on_principle原则上，依据原则4．settle_down稳定；定居5．takeoaccount把……考虑在内6．takeiteasy别惊慌；放松7．doawaywith废除，取消，结束8．sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑Ⅲ.经典句式1．what引导主语从句；that引导同位语从句。What_is_even_more_unbelievableisthefactthatsomemurderersareletoutofprisonafterthreeorfouryears.更令人难以置信的是一些凶手三、四年后从监狱被释放这一事实。2．“Howcome？”作独立的句子时常用于口语，意为“为什么？/怎么会呢？”How_come?怎么会呢？课文预读[以上部分译文]犯罪活动与惩处6月14日上周波利·费勒的文章非常优秀，因为她(在文章中)指责了这个国家对犯人的轻判(制度)。我哥哥是个警察，他告知我毒犯和抢劫犯在犯罪之后仅仅几个星期或几个月就出现在大街上，甚至(有的)只被罚款就释放了。甚至更不行思议的是一些杀人犯入狱三四年就出狱了。因为这样，很多人对英国的司法系统的公正性正在丢失信念。我认为这个国家应当复原重判，以让罪犯为他们的所作所为付出代价。我完全认可美国人的观点“事不过三”，即犯三次罪就终身监禁。那是爱护社会安定、阻挡年轻人犯罪的唯一方法。如此多的钱被花在监狱上，以至于它们(被装修得)像旅馆一样，配有电视和健身房。犯人应当工作而不应当像在度假营中的度假者一样被对待。我还认为我们应当像美国那样复原死刑(制度)。当一个人杀了人，他们不应当再活下去。我们也须要考虑死者的家属和挚友要求正义的愿望。RJ布彻金厄姆，牛津郡[以上部分译文]6月20日读了贵报上周刊登的RJ布彻所写的信，我觉得恐怖。他/她把惩处看作一次报复的机会。在我看来，惩处的主要目的应当是改造那些曾犯过罪的人。我们须要帮助和改造那些罪犯，以使他们成为社会中的有用成员。我们也须要杜绝如毒品和贫困这样的社会问题，这些问题常常导致犯罪活动。原则上我完全反对重判，同时真的认为应当废除死刑。判无期徒刑(或终身监禁)的唯一条件是：罪犯非常危急，一旦被释放出狱，四周的人们就要遭殃。布彻先生/小姐建议复原死刑(制度)，这会更糟。我们得承认，死刑是一种谋杀，并不比其他的谋杀好到哪里去，仅仅因为它由国家执行。它是一种残忍的惩处形式，是违反人类尊严的。除此之外，它也是极其不公允的，因为可能出现错误。在美国过去的100年中，有23个人被误判了死刑，还有大约400例其他的案件疑点重重。比起其他的惩处，死刑更多地影响了社会的一些部门。因而，在美国，假如受害者是黑人而谋杀者是白人，那么罪犯就有可能不被判处死刑，颠倒过来状况则相反。保罗·梅森约克课文理解TaskOne：FastreadingⅠ.Skimthetextandfinishthefollowingquestions.1．WhatisthemainideaofRJButcher'sletter?Much_harder_sentences_should_be_brought_back,_whichistheonlywayofprotectingsocietyandpreventingyoungpeopleleadingalifeofcrime.2．WhatisthemainideaofPaulMason'sletter?Asaformofpunishment,death_penalty_is_cruel_and_unfair,_whichisagainsthumandignity.Ⅱ.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F)．1．RJButcherthinksthemurderershouldbekilled.(T)2．PaulMasonagreeswithRJButcher'sopinions.(F)3．RJButcherandPaulMasonhaveoppositeviewsaboutthedeathpenalty.(T)4．IntheUSAthedeathpenaltyisnotaslikelyifthevictimisblackandthemurdererwhiteastheotherwayaround.(T)5．IntheUSAinthelast100years,morethantwohundredmenhavebeenwronglysentencedtodeath.(F)TaskTwo：CarefulreadingReadthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhatistheonlywayofprotectingsocietyRJButcherthinks?A．Criminalsshouldbelockedupforlife.B．Criminalsshouldbesentencedtodeath.C．Criminalsshouldbeletoutofprison.D．Criminalsshouldbefinedheavily.答案：A2．HowdoesPaulMasonthinkofpunishment?A．Takearevengeoncriminals.B．Killcriminals.C．Helptoreformcriminals.D．Ignorecriminals.答案：C3．WhatoccasionshouldlifesentencesbegivenaccordingtoPaulMason?A．Whenacriminalisletoutofprison.B．Whenacriminalkillsaperson.C．Whenacriminaldoesn'tkeephisword.D．Whenapersonisverydangeroustosocietywhenheorsheisletoutofprison.答案：D4．WhichofthefollowingcanleadtocrimeaccordingtoPaulMason?A．Drunkdriving B．DrugsandpovertyC．Onlinegames D．Beingaddictedtoalcohol答案：BTaskThree：MicrowritingReadthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.June14JustlikePollyFiller,Icondemnthe“soft”sentences__1__(give)tocriminals.Theymustpayfor__2__theyhavedone.Ithinkhardersentencingistheonlywayofprotectingsocietyandpreventingyoungpeople__3__(lead)alifeofcrime.Ibelieveweshouldbringthedeathpenaltyback.Whenapersonhaskilledsomeone,theydon'tdeservetolive.Weneedtothink__4__thewishesoffamiliesandfriendsofmurdervictimswhodemandthatjustice__5__(do)．June20Ican'tagreewithButcher,whosees__6__(punish)asanopportunityforrevenge.Inmyopinion,weneedtohelpandreformthecriminalssoastomakethemintouseful__7__(member)．Onprinciple,Ifeelthedeathpenaltyshould__8__(abolish).Theonlytimethatlifesentencesshouldbegivenis__9__apersonissodangerousthatthecommunityisatriskifheorsheissetfree.Thedeathpenaltyiscrueland__10__(fair)sometimesduetopossiblemistakes.1．given2.what3.leading4.about5．(should)_be_done6.punishment7.members8．be_abolished9.when10.unfair1eq\a\vs4\al(finen.罚款；vt.处某人以罚金)(教材P40)Mybrotherworksasapoliceofficerandhetellsmethatdrugdealersandrobberscanbeoutonthestreetsonlyafewweeksormonthsaftercommittingtheircrimes,orevengetletoffwithfines.我的哥哥是一个警察，他告知我，毒品贩子和抢劫犯仅仅被关上几周或者几个月，甚至罚了款后就会得到释放。eq\x(\a\al(aheavyfine一大笔罚金,finesb.fordoingsth.因做某事罚某人款))[即学即用](1)Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.我想提前警告你，假如你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。(2)There'saheavyfinefordrivingdrunkaccordingtothenewlaw.依据新法律，酒后驾驶的罚款很重。(3)单句语法填空①Thecompanywas_fined(fine)￡2,000forbreakingsafetyregulations.②Thepolicefinedthemanheavilyforbreakingthespeedlimit.2eq\a\vs4\al(sentencen.判决，宣判；句子vt.判决，宣判)(教材P40)Ithinkweshouldbringbackmuchhardersentencesinthiscountry...我认为我们应当在这个国家复原更严厉的判决……(1)serveone'ssentence服刑give/pass/pronouncesentenceon/uponsb.给某人判刑(2)sentencesb.to...判处某人……sentencesb.todeath/lifeimprisonment/threeyearsinprison判某人死刑/终身监禁/三年徒刑[即学即用](1)Hewasreleasedfromprisonafterservinghissentence.他刑满获释。(2)Theteacherexplainedthetextsentence_by_sentence.老师逐句讲解了这篇课文。(3)ByvirtueoftheauthorityIhold,Isentence_you_to_prison.凭借我拥有的权力，我宣判你入狱。(4)ItwasonAugust5ththatthejudgepassed_sentence_on/uponhim.法官是在8月5日宣布了对他的判决。(5)Hewas_sentenced_tothreeyearsinprisonfortheftwhenyoung.他年轻时因盗窃被判三年有期徒刑。3eq\a\vs4\al(consequentlyadv.所以，因此)(教材P40)Consequently,intheUSA,thedeathpenaltyisnotaslikelyifthevictimisblackandthemurdererwhiteastheotherwayaround.因此，在美国假如受害人是黑人，谋杀者是白人，就可能不判死刑，而相反的状况，就有可能判死刑。(1)consequentadj.必定的，当然的(2)consequencen.结果，后果inconsequence(＝asaconsequence/result)结果，因此inconsequenceof(＝asaconsequence/resultof)因为；由于[即学即用](1)Therainwasheavy,andconsequentlytheroadwasflooded.雨很大，所以路被沉没了。(2)Inconsequenceofyourlazinessandrudeness,I'mforcedtodismissyou.由于你的懒散和粗野，我不得不辞退你。(3)单句语法填空①Hehadbeenillforalongtimeandconsequently(consequent)hewasbehindinhiswork.②Manypeoplebelievethatpovertyisadirectconsequence(consequent)ofoverpopulation.③Shewasovertheagelimitand,asaconsequence,herapplicationwasrejected.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())(教材P40)breakin闯入，强行进入，破门而入；插嘴eq\x(\a\al(breakinto强行闯入；突然起先；顺当打入,breakawayfrom离开；脱离,breakdown打破，毁掉；出毛病；身体垮了；恸哭；分解,breakout突然爆发,breakup拆散，打碎；分裂；崩溃,breakthrough突围；突破))留意：breakin和breakinto都表示“闯入”，但二者用法不同。前者是不及物的，后不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者into是介词，后面接宾语，可用于被动语态。[即学即用](1)Burglarshadbrokeninwhilewewereaway.我们不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。(2)Ourcarbroke_downonthefreewayyesterday.昨天，我们的汽车在高速马路上抛锚了。(3)Thebandbroke_upaftertheperformance.那场演出之后乐队就解散了。(4)Therewasnoonenearbywhomightseehimtryingtobreak_intothehouse.旁边没有人可能会望见他试图闯入房子里。2eq\a\vs4\al(letsb.off不惩处某人，放过某人)(教材P40)Mybrotherworksasapoliceofficerandhetellsmethatdrugdealersandrobberscanbeoutonthestreetsonlyafewweeksormonthsaftercommittingtheircrimes,orevengetletoffwithfines.我的哥哥是一个警察，他告知我，犯了案的毒品贩子和抢劫犯仅仅关上几周或者几个月，甚至罚了款后就会得到释放。eq\x(\a\al(letoff排放，漏出液体、气体；放，放射枪、炮、焰火等,letsb.down让某人悲观,letout发出；使某人解脱；泄露,letalone更不用说))[即学即用](1)Shewasletoffwithafineinsteadofbeingsenttoprison.她没有入狱，而是罚款了事。(2)Terroristslet_offacarbombinacrowdedshoppingcentre.恐怖分子在人群稠密的商业中心引爆了一颗汽车炸弹。(3)HecannotspeakEnglish,let_aloneFrench.他连英语都不会说，更不用说法语了。(4)Whenthelandwasseen,thesailorlet_outawhoopofjoy.当看到陆地时，那名水手发出一声欢呼。3eq\a\vs4\al(doawaywith废除，取消，结束)(教材P40)Wealsoneedtodoawaywiththesocialproblems,likedrugsandpoverty,thatoftenleadtocrime.我们也须要杜绝如毒品和贫困这样的社会问题，这些问题常常导致犯罪。getawaywith逃脱，惩处comeupwith想出，提出putupwith容忍，忍受[即学即用](1)Theyallwanttodoawaywithracialdiscrimination.他们都想消退种族卑视。(2)Themanagerhasdecidedtodo_away_withthemeeting.经理已经确定取消这个会议。(3)Ican'tput_up_withthiskindofnoise.我无法忍受这种噪音。(4)Shecame_up_withanewideaforincreasingsales.她想出了一个增加销售的新招。4eq\a\vs4\al(onprinciple原则上，依据原则)(教材P40)Iamtotallyagainsthardersentencesonprincipleandreallyfeelthedeathpenaltyshouldbeabolished.我原则上坚决反对较重的刑罚并且的确感到死刑应当被废除。eq\x(\a\al(againstone'sprinciples违反某人的行为准则,inprinciple理论上；原则上，大体上，基本上,ontheprincipleof依据……的原则，以……为原则))[即学即用](1)Hedealtwithproblemsonprinciple.他依据原则处理问题。(2)Hedoesn'tinvestinthearmsindustryon_principle.他原则上不投资军火生意。(3)In_principleyouareentitledtoafinancialgrant,butitisdifficulttoclaim.原则上你有资格获得经济补助，但是很难获得。(4)Wewilltradeon_the_principle_ofequalityandmutualbenefit.我们将依据同等互利的原则进行贸易。5take...intoaccount把……考虑在内(教材P41)Thewishesofvictims'familyandfriendspossiblyneedtobetakenintoaccount.受害者的家人和挚友的愿望可能须要被考虑进去。takeaccountof考虑到……onsb.'saccount为了某人的原因onaccountof由于……onnoaccount决不，无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子用倒装)[即学即用](1)Weshouldtaketheproposalsofourparentsintoaccount.我们应当考虑父母的建议。(2)Wemusttake_account_ofthepatient'sage.我们必需考虑到这位患者的年龄。(3)Whenyouareplanningagardenbarbecue,youwillhavetotake_the_weather_into_account.在打算露天烧烤时，你必需考虑天气的问题。(4)On_no_accountmustemployeesmakepersonaltelephonecallsfromtheoffice.员工绝不允许从办公室打私人电话。教材P40Whatisevenmoreunbelievableisthefactthatsomemurderersareletoutofprisonafterthreeorfouryears.更令人难以置信的是，一些凶手三四年后就从监狱里释放出来这一事实。(1)Whatisevenmoreunbelievable是本句的主语部分，称为主语从句，what又是这个从句的主语。(2)that在句中引导同位语从句，说明说明thefact的详细内容。what还可以引导其他名词性从句，如宾语从句、表语从句等。但是what一般不引导状语从句、定语从句或同位语从句等。[即学即用](1)Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.她告知我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。(2)Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforwhatDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上获得的成就敬佩不已。(3)What_really_mattersisthatyoupickbookswhichyouwant.真正重要的是拿起你想要的书。(4)单句语法填空①Whatwewanttoseeisanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.②Thenewsthatweshallgotovisitanexhibitionisnott