（详解详析）2022年河南省黑白卷（黑卷）·英语

英语试卷第页（共页）2022年河南省黑白卷（黑卷）·英语详解详析一、听力理解(20小题,每小题1分,共20分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。1.1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C【解析】1.M:

Jenny,

are

you

alone

at

home?

Where

are

your

brother

and

sister?W:

Well,

Jason

went

to

the

library

and

Nina

went

to

the

museum

with

her

friends.2.M:

Kelly,

will

you

pick

up

our

son

from

the

school?W:

I'm

sorry

I

can't.

A

patient

has

just

arrived.

He

is

seriously

hurt

in

a

car

accident.

I

have

to

examine

him

at

once.

M:

All

right.

I

will

pick

him

up.3.M:

Oh,

it's

nine

o'clock,

and

the

movie

will

be

over

soon.W:

It

doesn't

matter.

We

can

watch

the

next

show,

and

just

wait

here

for

30

minutes.4.W:

What

time

is

the

speech?

Is

it

at

7：30?M:

No,

it's

at

8：00.W:

Good.

That

gives

me

an

hour

to

prepare.5.M：Are

you

free

today?

I'd

like

to

go

to

the

park

with

you.W:

Yes,

I'm

free.

But

I'm

afraid

it'll

rain

this

afternoon.M:

How

about

tomorrow?

The

weather

report

said

it

would

be

a

fine

day

tomorrow.W:

OK.

Let's

meet

at

the

gate

of

the

park

at

3：00

p.m

tomorrow.第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。2.1.B2.C【解析】W:

What

are

you

listening

to,

Louis?

The

song

sounds

really

good.M:

I'm

listening

to

a

band

called

THE

ONE.

Have

you

heard

of

it?W:

No,

I

haven't.

What

kind

of

music

do

they

play?M:

⑥They

mainly

play

rock

music,

but

sometimes

play

pop

music.

W:

Which

kind

of

music

do

you

prefer,

rock

or

pop?M:

Pop,

⑦because

it

makes

me

feel

relaxed.

How

about

you?W:

Well,

I

prefer

country

music.

Soft

music

is

fine

for

me.

3.1.B2.B【解析】W:

Bridge

Hotel.

Can

I

help

you?M:

Yes,

I'd

like

to

book

a

room

from

Wednesday

to

Saturday.W:

We

do

have

rooms

available

for

those

days.M:

What

is

the

price,

please?W:

$60

per

person

each

night.

⑧We

do

have

a

sale

as

you

will

be

staying

up

to

3

days.

That

price

will

be

$50

each

night.M:

⑨What

services

come

with

that?W:

You'll

have

a

room

with

a

bath,

and

things

like

a

television,

a

telephone...M:

What

about

the

Internet?

That's

what

I

care

most.W:

That's

also

included.M:

That

sounds

not

bad.

I'll

take

it.4.1.B2.C3.C【解析】

The

2022

Beijing

Winter

Olympic

Games

was

a

great

success

and

lots

of

people

have

worked

hard

for

it

including

hundreds

of

volunteers.

Xia

Shen'ao

was

one

of

them.

Her

parents

had

a

great

influence

on

her.

⑩When

she

was

seven,

her

parents

were

volunteers

for

the

2008

Beijing

Olympics.

She

was

encouraged

by

them

and

wanted

to

pass

on

the

spirit

of

helping

others.

After

tests

and

interviews,

she

finally

became

a

volunteer

for

the

Beijing

Winter

Olympic

Games.

11))

Through

the

Olympic

Games,

she

made

many

friends.

And

through

Shen'ao

and

other

volunteers,

the

world

gets

to

see

the

energy

of

the

Chinese

youth.5.1.A2.B3.C【解析】M:

Hi,

Emily.

I

just

finished

my

history

class.

What

about

you?W:

I

had

a

geography

class,

Tom.M:

It

sounds

interesting

and

easy.

What

do

you

think

of

it?W:

Difficult

but

important.

M:

Have

you

learned

something

about

water?W:

Yes,

the

earth

is

covered

by

over

70

percent

of

water.

M:

Anything

else?W:

Our

teacher

also

told

us

about

plants.

They

are

important

to

the

earth.M:

All

these

are

important

to

the

earth,and

to

us

humans.W:

So

I

think

I

need

to

learn

from

class

and

practice

in

life.M:

Good

idea.

I

support

you,

and

I

will

do

the

same

as

you

do.第三节听下面一篇短文。按照你所听内容的先后顺序将下列图片排序。短文读两遍。6.1.

A2.D3.C4.B5.E二、阅读理解(20小题，每小题2分，共40分)阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。7.1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C【解析】1.细节理解题。题干意为：English

Unlocked可以帮助你学习________单词,提高你的英语水平。根据图中“Learn

over

500

words...

English

Unlocked！”可知可学习超过500个单词。故选C。2.细节理解题。题干意为：English

Unlocked是关于什么的?根据图表里的图,以及文章第一段“Learn

over

500

words

and

move

up

a

level

with

the

course

book

English

Unlocked!

Your

complete,

self－study

English

learning

pack.”可知,English

Unlocked是一套用于自学的英语系列丛书。故选D。3.细节理解题。题干意为：通过English

Unlocked你能提高哪种能力?根据图中“Increase

your

range(范围)

of

vocabulary!

Improve

your

listening

skills!

Perfect

your

pronunciation!

Develop

your

reading

skills！”可知通过这本书可以提高听、说、读的能力。故选A。4.推理判断题。题干意为：Daniel

K

认为English

Unlocked怎么样?从图表中最后一段“Best

money

I

ever

spent

on

an

English

course.

My

English

is

so

much

better

now

because

of

this

English

Unlocked.

Thanks

Hot

English！”可推知他认为English

Unlocked非常值得购买。故选B。5.推理判断题。题干意为：在网站的哪个版块我们可能阅读到本篇文章?通读阅读可以看出本篇文章是一则推销书籍的广告。故选C。8.1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B【解析】1.细节理解题。题干意为：Kara认为她社区里的孩子们怎么样?根据文章第一段第二句“She

knew

everyone

on

her

street

and

how

talented

they

were.”和第二段对他们的描述可知,Kara认为他们非常有才。故选D。2.细节理解题。题干意为：为什么Kara

在演出之前心情不好?根据文章第六段最后一句“‘I

wish

I

had

a

talent

so

I

could

be

in

the

show,

too,’

she...”可知,她非常希望自己有一项才艺能够参加节目。故选A。3.

推理判断题。题干意为：下面哪项体现了随时间推移Kara情绪的变化?通读文章可知,刚开始,Kara忙着为别人策划才艺表演,感觉很好,很满足；在大家都要参加表演的时候,她却忍不住因为自己没有才艺而难过；后来演出结束之后,妈妈发现了Kara出色的组织能力,推测她会因为发现自己的长处而开心。故选B。4.推理判断题。题干意为：在妈妈眼中,Kara有什么才能?通过阅读全文可以发现,Kara在策划演出的过程中,表现了出色的组织策划能力。故选D。5.主旨大意题。题干意为：从本文中我们可以学到什么?根据文章内容可知,本文通过讲述Kara虽然没有才艺,但她有出色的组织策划能力来告诉我们：每个人都有自己的长处。因此B项符合题意。故选B。【解题技巧】主旨大意类试题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时,不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main

idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等问题时,需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。主要有以下方法：9.1.A2.C3.

D4.B5.C【解析】1.细节理解题。题干意为：蜜蜂为什么对我们很重要?根据文章第一段前两句“Our

lives

would

not

be

the

same

without

bees.

Bees

help

plants

grow.”可知,蜜蜂有助于植物的生长。故选A。2.细节理解题。题干意为：建造一个蜜蜂友好型花园需要做哪些事情?第三段告诉我们要尽可能多地种花；第四段告诉我们要清理花园地面上的杂物；第五段告诉我们要为蜂巢遮风挡雨。C项符合题意,故选C。【易错分析】考生容易将此题选A。容易忽略第③个备选项在文中的否定表达,第③个选项在文中第四段有提及“People

lay

wood

pieces

or

other

things

on

the

ground.

Bees

cannot

dig

nests

when

these

materials

cover

the

ground.”人们在地上铺木屑或者其他的东西。当地面上有材料覆盖的时候,蜜蜂就不能在这些地方筑巢。学生做题时一定要仔细、完整地阅读所给选项,然后对比文章内容,选出正确答案。3.词义猜测题。题干意为：第四段中划线单词“nests”的意思是什么?根据第四段第三句“There

they

build

their

nests

and

lay

their

eggs.”并结合生活常识可知,蜜蜂在这里筑巢并产卵,由此推测此处表示蜜蜂居住的地方。故选D。4.推理判断题。题干意为：作者如何帮助我们理解一个成功的蜜蜂友好型花园?通过阅读文章第三、四、五段可知,一个好的bee－friendly

garden对蜜蜂提供帮助。故选B。5.

标题归纳题。题干意为：本文的最佳标题是什么?根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了如何建造一个对蜜蜂友好的花园。故选C。10.1.B2.E3.A4.C5.D【解析】1.命题角度：把握上下文语境。本段主要介绍了新收录的五个英文单词,根据下文中五个词汇的展开介绍可知,此处为总的介绍。故选B。2.命题角度：理清逻辑关系。本段主要解释了“awe

walk”,意为经常外出走走并留意身边的事物。设空为本段第三句,可知此处应该与身边的事物相关。再通过本段后面的解释和例子“For

example,

today

on

our

awe

walk

we

notice

a

tree

we've

never

seen

before.

”可知,这个词是在人们注意到并对身边的小事感到感激时会使用的。分析备选项可知E项符合语境。故选E。3.命题角度：搜寻关键词。本段主要解释了“thirsty”,意为渴求在社交上媒体上获得关注。通过本段“Doesn't

this

word

mean

needing

to

drink?Well,

it

was

added

by

Merriam－Webster

last

year.

It

means

having

a

strong

desire(渴望)

for

attention—especially

on

social

media.”可知,此处是对Thirsty这个词汇新含义的解释。因此A项符合语境。故选A。4.命题角度：搜寻关键词。本段主要解释了“WFH”,意为在家里工作。WFH是C选项中的“work

(or

working)

from

home”的缩写形式,同时本段对WFH的解释和举例都与工作地点有关。因此C项符合语境,是对WFH意思的解释。故选C。5.命题角度：理清逻辑关系。本段主要解释了“PPE”。通过本段第一句可知PPE是指个人防护装备,空后列举了一些常见的个人防护装备。D项符合此处语境,介绍PPE在日常生活中的用途。故选D。三、完形填空(15小题,每小题1分,共15分)先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。11.1.C2.B3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.B9.C10.B11.D12.D13.B14.C15.C【解析】1.命题角度：语境推断。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几分钟的思考之后,学生们就给出了________的答案。boring

无聊的；same相同的；different不同的；easy容易的。根据第二段“However,

none

of

the

__43__

were

the

same

as

the

teacher's.”

可推知不同的学生给出了不同的答案。故选C。2.命题角度：语境推断。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个学生站起来并且________。asked问；replied回答；wrote写；read阅读。根据上文“Who

knows

why

we

have

brakes(刹车器)

in

our

car?”可知此处指的是学生回答问题。故选B。3.命题角度：词汇复现。考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而,没有一个________和老师的一样。answers答案；ideas观点；questions问题；opinions意见。

根据下文“All

of

your

answers

are

right.”可知此处指的是答案,为下文answers的词汇复现。故选A。【解题技巧】词汇复现指的是某一词以原词、同(近)义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。考生在解答此类试题时,首先要准确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后在文中留意与挖空处相同或相近的内容,结合选项选出正确答案。4.命题角度：语境推断。考查副词词义辨析。句意：但在我看来,汽车的刹车让我们能够开得________。earlier更早地；harder更难地；worse

更糟地；faster更快地。根据上文“To

reduce

and

control

the

speed

of

the

car.”以及本句中的“But

in

my

opinion...”可知此处指的是为了开得更快。故选D。5.命题角度：语境推断。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听到这个答案,全班同学都________了,因为没有人会想到这个答案。proud自豪的；happy开心的；worried担忧的；silent沉默的。根据句中的“...no

one

had

imagined

this

answer.”可知此处所有人都沉默了。故选D。6.命题角度：逻辑推理。考查连词词义辨析。句意：________我们的车没有刹车,我们准备开得有多快?While当……时候；Unless除非；If如果；Though尽管。根据空处前后句意进行逻辑推断可知空处词汇引导的是条件状语从句。故选C。

【解题技巧】逻辑推理是用表示上下文逻辑关系的语篇标志词设计文章的起承转合、上下连贯。针对逻辑推理类试题,考生在答题时,可以通过对故事的线索、文章前后各段之间的逻辑关系、文章前后内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展来分析和理解文章,以此推断答案。7.命题角度：语境推断。考查副词词义辨析。句意：是汽车的刹车给了我们快速驾驶的勇气,确保我们________到达目的地。

safely安全地；quickly快速地；simply简单地；carefully小心地,仔细地。根据句中的

“we

get

to

our

destination(目的地)”可知此处指的是安全地。故选A。8.命题角度：词汇复现。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们似乎在________我们。help帮助；

stop停止；refuse拒绝；hate厌恶。根据第一段第三、四句“A

student

got

up

and

__42__,

‘Sir,

the

brake

is

used

to

stop

the

car.’

Another

one

said,

‘To

reduce

and

control

the

speed

of

the

car.’”

中的stop可知刹车器看似是在阻止我们。故选B。9.命题角度：语境推断。考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如,我们的父母可能会问我们在生活中的进步或________。secrets秘密；reasons原因；decisions决定；habits习惯。根据句中的“our

parents

may

ask

us”可知此处指的是我们的决定。故选C。10.命题角度：语境推断。考查动词词义辨析。句意：

他们的问题或建议可能会被________是阻碍我们步调的“刹车器”。worked工作；considered考虑,认为；taught教；acted充当,担任。根据句中的“as

‘brakes’”可知此处指的是被认为是“刹车器”。故选B。11.命题角度：语境推断。考查代词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们把________看作是在危险时可以保护我们的支持者呢?us我们；him他；you你(们)；them它们。根据语境可知,此处是指brakes。故选D。12.命题角度：语境推断。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有时,我们必须停下来,甚至要________,这样我们才能迈出一大步。

get

off下车；grow

up生长；run

away逃离；go

back回去,追溯。根据句中的“we

have

to

stop...so

that

we

can

take

a

big

step”可知此处指的是回去。故选D。13.命题角度：语境推断。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上,我们应该________生活中的“刹车器”。late迟的；thankful感激的；hungry饥饿的；sorry抱歉的。根据下文“Without

these

‘brakes’,

we

could

lose

__54__

or

get

into

danger.”可知此处指的是对此表示感激。故选B。14.命题角度：语境推断。考查名词词义辨析。句意：

没有这些“刹车器”,我们可能会失去________或陷入危险。game比赛；courage勇气；direction方向；money钱。因为文章介绍的与开车有关,所以此处指的是失去方向。故选C。15.命题角度：语境推断。考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此,我们需要________,我们生活中的“刹车器”不是要阻碍我们,而是让我们比以前更快速地前进。

think认为,思考；agree同意；understand理解,明白；doubt怀疑。根据文章内容可知此处指的是通过讲解明白了生活中“刹车器”的作用。故选C。四、语篇填空(15小题,每小题1分,共15分)第一节阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。12.1.need2.cities3.choice4.or5.plans6.number7.our8.for9.healthier10.key【解析】1.句意：在这里,人们可以在离家15分钟内获得他们所________的服务。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词,句子时态为一般现在时,主语是they,此处动词要用原形。根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指需要。故填need。2.句意：从巴黎到波特兰,世界各地的________都在发展这种社会模式。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词,根据空后“around

the

world,

from

Paris

to

Portland.”可知此处名词为复数形式。根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指城市。故填cities。3.句意：在一个15分钟城市里,汽车旅行不是最好的________。分析语境及备选词汇可知,此处是指汽车旅行并不是最好的选择,故应选choose,分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词,应用choose的名词形式choice。且根据空前“the

best”可知此处名词为单数形式。故填choice。4.句意：步行________骑自行车穿过城市都是减少二氧化碳排放的好方法。分析句子结构可知此处缺少并列连词连接两个并列成分,根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指或者。故填or。5.句意：巴黎负责人安妮·伊达尔戈________在法国各地发展15分钟社区。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词,句子时态为一般现在时,主语是Anne

Hidalgo,此处动词要用单三形式。根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指计划。故填plans。6.句意：在某种程度上,这意味着到2024年,停车位的________将减少6万个,并且将在城市的每一条街道上修建更多的自行车道。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词。根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指停车位的数量。故填number。7.句意：这种设计更有益于________星球。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词修饰名词,根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指我们的,要用形容词性物主代词。故填our。8.句意：乔·森德是波特兰市规划的规划师。分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词,根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指为波特兰市规划的规划师。故填for。9.

句意：在家附近有商店可以让人们吃到________食物,过上更好的生活。and连接两个并列成分,根据空后“and

live

a

better

life”可知此处要用形容词比较级,根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指更健康的。故填healthier。10.句意：西拉·马达德是波特兰市15分钟城市规划的________人物。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作定语修饰名词person,根据语境并结合备选词汇可知此处指关键的。故填key。第二节阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。13.1.a2.would/could3.of4.to5.was【解析】1.句意：灯笼是由红色塑料制成的并且看起来像________小南瓜。通过分析句意和句子结构可知,此处表泛指,表示灯笼像一个小南瓜,且空后名词为辅音音素开头。故填a。2.句意：当它被点燃后,里面的小鼓将会转动,播放出流畅的音乐。通过分析句子结构可知,且此句话是指小鼓会转动,故此处应用情态动词will或者can,且全文时态为一般过去时。故填would/could。3.句意：灯笼让爸爸想起了他的童年。分析句子结构可知,此处表示让某人想起某事,remind

sb.

of

sth.

为固定搭配。故填of。4.

句意：爷爷用了一个玻璃瓶和一张红纸为爸爸做了一个(灯笼)。通过分析句子结构可知,

此处需用动词不定式作目的状语,表示爷爷用玻璃瓶和红纸为爸爸做一个灯笼。故填to。5.句意：听了父亲的故事后,我很是感动。

通过分析句子结构可知,此处缺少系动词,本句主语为I,

且全文时态为一般过去时。故填was。五、补全对话(5小题，每小题2分，共10分)根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。14.1.I

am

going

to/plan

to/will

help

clean

the

community2.Can/May

I

join

you3.We

can

help

sweep

the

roads/We

can

help

pick

up

empty

bottles

and

waste

paper

on

the

grass/We

can

help

clear

the

rubbish

and

the

useless

paper

on

the

wall/...4.You

are

right/So

it

is/I

agree

(with

you)/I

can't

agree

more/Yes,

I

think

so/I

take

your

point/...5.When

will

the

cleaning

start/When

will

it

start/When

shall

we

meet/...【解析】1.根据上文“What

are

you

going

to

do

this

Sunday?”以及下文“It's

meaningful

to

help

clean

the

community.”可知此处是回答自己周末的计划,要去帮忙打扫社区。故填

I

am

going

to/plan

to/will

help

clean

the

community。2.根据下文“You

are

surely

welcome.”可知此处是询问可以加入吗。故填

Can/May

I

join

you。3.根据上文“What

can

we

help

to

do

there?”可知,此处是在回答我们可以做些什么。此题答案不唯一,合理即可。4.根据上文“I

think

a

clean

environment

is

really

important

to

people.”以及下一句“Everyone

hopes

to

live

in

a

clean

environment.”可知此处是表示对对方说的话语表示肯定。故填You

are

right/So

it

is/I

agree

(with

you)/I

can't

agree

more/Yes,

I

think

so/I

take

your

point/...。5.根据下文“It

will

start

at

9：00

this

Sunday.”可知此处是在询问对方志愿者活动什么时候开始。故填When

will

the

cleaning

start/When

will