北京市石景山第九中学2025届高三压轴卷英语试卷含解析

北京市石景山第九中学2025届高三压轴卷英语试卷注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2．答题时请按要求用笔。3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Janeisnotgoodatsports，butwhenittocooking，she’sexcellent．A．happens B．comes C．does D．occurs2．Thatstudentadmittedinthemathexam,thathewouldneverdothatagaininthefuture.A．tohavecheated,promising B．cheating,promisedC．tocheating,promised D．havingcheated,promising3．Afterthefire，________________wouldotherwisebeaculturalcenterisnowreducedtoapileofashes.A．that B．itC．what D．which4．Russia'scuttingoffthegassupplyraisedamajorconcerntotheEuropeanUnion,anumberofmemberstatesareincreasinglydependentononesinglesupplier.A．whose B．thatC．where D．which5．Ifoundmycomputerfunctioningmuchbetter,________anewoperatingsystem.A．toinstall B．installingC．havinginstalled D．installed6．Goingoutis__________goodmeansofrelaxation.Wouldyouliketogoto______parkwithmeintheafternoon?A．the;the B．the;a C．a;the D．/；a7．____________youarefamiliarwiththeauthor’sideas,tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblecan.A．NowthatB．EversinceC．SothatD．Incase8．Thebuswouldnothaverunintotheriver________forthebadtemperedlady.A．ifitwerenot B．haditnotbeenC．ifitwouldnotbe D．shoulditnotbe9．Daniel’sfamily________theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.A．areenjoying B．aretoenjoy C．willenjoy D．willbeenjoying10．________someteenagersdon’trealizeis________difficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.A．That;how B．Which;whataC．What;what D．What;how11．Tedcouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butheknewitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A．/,the B．a,/C．/,a D．the,/12．Eithersideseemstohavea(n)_________position;therearestillmanyuncertaintiesonthisissue.A．ambiguous B．delicate C．explicit D．confidential13．Pandasare_____tothemountainsofcentralChinaandonlyabout1,000remaininthewild.A.native B．sensitive C．relate D．familiar14．—Whyareyousolate?—Thedrivercouldn’tseeclearlybecauseofthefog．____,theroadwastooicy．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides15．–Excuseme,sir,didn’tyouseetheredlight?–Sorry,mymind________somewhereelse.A．hasbeenwandering B．waswanderedC．waswandering D．hasbeenwandered16．SheisstubborninresistinghisenquiriesabouttheMoonstone_____thedegreethatshemakesitseemasifshedoesnotwantthemystery______.A．on;tosolve B．with;solvingC．for;beingsolved D．to;tobesolved17．–Wheredidyougettoknowher?--Itwasonthefarm___weworked.A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where18．Mr.Greenwasveryfamouswhenhelivedthere.Thereis______tobesomeoneinthisdistrictwhoremembershim.A．content B．opposedC．bound D．restricted19．—“DoyoumindifIlookatyournotes?”—“Ofcoursenot._______.”A．NoproblemB．BemyguestC．WithpleasureD．Notatall20．—Haveyouheard____newsthatover10,000peoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquakeinJapan?—Notyet．What____bigsurprise!A．the;a B．the;/ C．/;/ D．/;a第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）OxfordEnglishLanguageCenterInformationforNewStudentsCLASSTIME：8:30a.m.-10:00a.m.，10:30a.m.-12:00a.m.,1:30p.m.-3:00p.m.TheLanguageCenterisopenMondaytoFriday.Eachclasshasoneafternoonfreeperweek.Onthefirstday,gotothelecturehalltocheckyourtimetable.SELF—ACCESS：Thelanguagelaboratory（Room1110）isopenMondaytoFridayfrom3:15p.m.to5:00p.m.forallfull-timestudents.Youcanlearnhowtousecomputersforlanguagegamesorword-processing.TherearetapesforstudentstoborrowtopracticetheirEnglish.Goinandasktheteachertoshowyou.Ifyouplantotakepublicexaminations,therearedictationandlisteningcomprehensiontapesforyoutopracticewith.Thereareclozeexercisesonthecomputers.Askyourclassteacherforalistofpastexamessays.Studentscanborrowtapestotakehomebuttheymustbereturnedaftertwodays.ATTENDANCE:

Allstudentsareexpectedtoattendclassesasitisrequired.StudentswhodonotattendclasseswillbereportedtoOSS.Eightypercentattendanceisrequiredforstudentstoreceivetheircertificates

whentheyfinishtheircourses.ItisalsorequiredbyOSSforanextensiontoyourvisa.BOOKS:

Ifstudentsaregivencoursebooks,thebooksaretheirresponsibility.Ifabookislost,thestudentwillbeexpectedtopayforit.Ifstudentswishtobuybooks,thereisabookshopinthecollegespecializinginEnglishbooks（Room3520）.1、Whendoclassesbeginandendonafullday?A．8:30a.m.—1:30p.m..B．8:30a.m.—3:00p.m..C．8:30a.m.—3:15p.m..D．3:15p.m.—5:00p.m..2、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Noteachersareinthelanguagelab.B．90%attendanceisrequiredforthestudents.C．Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthecenter.D．Studentscanprepareforexamsbylisteningtotapes.3、Thebooksthatthestudentswishtobuyarein________.A．thelecturehallB．thelanguagelaboratoryC．Room1110D．Room352022．（8分）Highschoolandcollegeareperiodsofever-expandingresponsibilityforstudents.Youcangethelpfromsomepracticalapps.Checkouttheseappstogetahead-startonbeingontopofyourlife!SleepCyclealarmclock(free;iOS,Android)Gettingenoughsleepisessentialtogettingagoodeducation,butwakinguprestedisn’tjustabouthowmuchyousleep;it’saboutwhereyouareinyoursleepcyclewhenyouwakeup.SleepCycleusesyourphone’smicrophoneand/oraccelerometertoanalyzeyoursleepingpatternsandwakeyouupatthebesttime,whenyou’reinyourlightestsleepstate(withinawindowthatyouset,sothatyou’renotlate).myHomeworkStudentPlanner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)ThemyHomeworkStudentPlannerisavailableonwidevarietyofplatformssothatyoucanstayorganizedwhereveryouare.Youcankeeptrackofyourclassscheduleandhomework,getremindersforupcomingtests,andsyncitacrossallofyourplatforms.There’salsoapremiumversionfor$4.99thattakesawaytheads,givesyoumorethemes,letsyouaddfileattachments,andintegratesaccesstoexternalcalendars.Circleof6(free;iOS,Android)Circleof6isaninnovativesafetyappthatconnectsyoutosixofyourmosttrustedfriends(your“circle”)andhelpsyoukeeptrackofeachother.Ifyou’refeelingscaredaboutasituationyou’reinyoucansendaper-programmedtexttoyourcirclewithjusttwotaps,anditwillincludeyourexactlocation.Thiscouldalsobeusedbyyoungerstudentstodiscreetlylettheirparentsknowthatthey’reinanuncomfortablesituationandwanttobepickedup.Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)Goodbudgetcandivideyourmoneyintovirtual“envelopes”forthingslikeGroceries,Transportation,Entertainment,Gas,andwhateverelseyouneedtobudgetfor.Thefreeversionincludes10regularenvelopesplussyncingacrosstwodevices.Oryoucanmovetoapremiumsubscription(溢价认购)($5/month,$45/year)formoreenvelopes,fivedevices,andafive-yeartransactionhistory.1、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．AllofthefourappscanbeusedfreeofchargeB．SleepCyclealarmclockcanmakeyousleepasmuchaspossibleC．myHomeworkStudentPlannercanbeusedoncomputersandcellphonesD．Goodbudgetcanhelpyouuseyourmoneywisely2、TheappGoodbudgewithapremiumsubscriptionforsixmonthscosts__________.A．$5 B．$22.5C．$30 D．$453、Whichmightbethemostusefulforaprimaryschoolstudentwhowalkstotheschoolaloneeveryday?A．SleepCyclealarmclock(free;iOS,Android)B．myHomeworkStudentPlanner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)C．Circleof6(free;iOS,Android)D．Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)23．（8分）AblogpostedDec

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PMbyAlannaMallonAlannaMallonisaCambridgeCityCouncilor.EachyearinNovember,IreceiveaflurryofemailsandtextsfromfriendswhowanttovolunteerwiththeirfamiliesonThanksgivingasawaytogiveback.IalsofieldphonecallsfromorganizationswhowanttodonatetolocalprogramsthatprovideThanksgivingmeals.However,asanofficialwhostillworksinthenonprofitsector,IalsofeeldeeplyanxiousbecauseIknowtheother51weeksoftheyear,thesecriticalprogramsthatprovidefoodaccesstoresidentsinneedarestarvingforbothvolunteersanddonations.Hungerisayearroundproblem,andeachweekvolunteersarethenecessaryparttoensurethatprogramsareabletoservethecommunity.AtFoodForFree,werelyonabout100volunteersperweek,andeachofthosevolunteersisextremelyimportanttoprovidingfresh,healthyfoodtopeopleintheGreaterBostonareawhoneedit.SchoolchildrenwhotakebackpacksoffoodhomeonFridays,communitycollegestudentswhorelyonourFamilyMealsprogramtothriveinclass,elderlyanddisabledresidentswhoreceivetwicemonthlydeliveriesoffoodtotheirdoorsthroughourHomeDeliveryprogram,—theyallrelyonusensuringenoughvolunteersshowuptodothework.Thesevolunteersdon’tshowupinyoursocialmediafeeds,theydon’twinawardsandnoonewritesabouttheminthelocalnewspapers.Buttheyareheroes.Andyoucanbetoo.Ifeveryonemadeapromisetovolunteeronceamonth,orevenonceaquarter,Iknowthatwecouldreducesomeoftheanxietytheseorganizationsfeel,asamorereliablevolunteernetworkallowsthemtofocusonhelpingpeople,notfillingvolunteerslots.HereisalistofafeworganizationswhoaredoingcriticalworkinCambridgetoaddressfoodinsecurity.Offeryourtimetoanorganization,theywillbedeeplygrateful—andIamgoingtobetthatyouwillfeelprettygoodaboutyourselftoo.FoodForFree:

/volunteer.CEOC:

/food-pantry.HarvardSquareHomelessShelter:

/volunteer.CommunityCooks:

/join-us.MargaretFullerNeighborhoodHouse:

223、Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？A．Thefoodsafetyworriestheauthor.B．Volunteersareneededallyearround.C．DonationscanbemadethroughtheInternet.D．PeoplelikegettingtogetheronThanksgiving.1、Paragraph3ismainlyabout________.A．theneedforfreshfood B．thedutyofFoodForFreeC．thevalueofvoluntarywork D．thedifficultlifeoflocalpeople2、Thepassageisto________.A．callforaction B．expressthanksC．advertiseprograms D．introducewebsites24．（8分）AttheendofthespringsemesterinMay,studentstakingGeorgiaTech’sonlineKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligencecoursereceivedsomesurprisingnews.JillWatson,oneofthenineteachingassistants(TAs)thathadhelpedthemfinishthechallengingcourseforthepastfivemonthswasnota“she”butan“it”—anintelligentrobot!WatsonisthebrainchildofAshokGoel,whoteachesthepopularonlinecourse.TheProfessorofComputerandCognitiveScienceintheSchoolofInteractiveComputingcameupwiththeideaasawaytodealwiththenumberofquestionsposedbystudentsintheonlineforums(论坛).AccordingtoGoel,everytimethecourseisoffered,the300orsostudentsthatenrollpostover10,000questions.Thequestionsareoftenrepetitive.ThisledGoeltowonderifasmartrobotwouldhandlethequestionswhichrequirestandardresponses—thingslikedateswhenassignmentsaredue.HavingworkedwithIBM’sWatsontechnologyplatforminthepast,theprofessorknewitwouldbeidealforhisartificialTA:JillWatson.Theartificialintelligencesystemthatusesnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinelearningtoanalyzelargeamountsofdatahasevenbeenclevererthanhumancompetitorsonthetelevisionshow.Itwouldthereforeeasilybeabletohandleroutinequestionsthatrequiredlittle“thinking”.TheprofessorandhisteamofgraduatestudentsbeganbypopulatingJill’smemorywith40,000questionsandanswersfrompastterms.Thencamethetestingstage.Atfirst,Jillwasnotverygoodandoftengavestrangeanswers.Itoftengotstuckoncertainkeywords.Bytheendofthesemester,JillhadattainedenoughknowledgeandskillstoparticipateinforumswithoutanymanagementfromGoel,ortheotherassistants.1、Whatsurprisedthestudentswhotaketheonlinecourse?A．Thecoursewasinterestingbutchallenging.B．Ateachingassistantwasn’tarealperson.C．JillWatsonisahard-workingTA．D．Theyallfailedtopasstheircourse.2、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARobotofGeorgiagivesanonlinecourseB．AshokGoelCameupwiththeIdeaofJillWatsonC．JillWatson—OneoftheNineTeachingAssistantsD．GeorgiaTech’sTeachingAssistantTurnOuttoBeaRobot3、WhydidGoeldecidetoinventasmartrobot?A．Anumberofstudentstookhisonlinecourse.B．Asmartrobotisclevererthanahumanbeing.C．Toomanysimilarquestionsaretobedealtwith.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Studentsshoulddealwithroutinequestions.B．Jillismainlyinchargeofpostingsurprisingnews.C．TheTAsgivestudentshomeworkatacertaintime.D．GoelissatisfiedwithJill’spresentperformance.25．（10分）Whilestaringoutofthewindowduringaflight,noteveryonewillthinkcarefullyaboutthequestionwhyairplaneshaveroundedwindowsratherthansquareones.Overtheyears,aerospaceengineeringhasmadehugestepsinairplanetechnology,meaningplanescancarrymorepassengersandgofaster.Theplaneshavealsochangedshapetoincreasesafety—includingthewindows.Ascommercialairtraveltookoffinthemid－20thcentury,airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.However,higheraltitudescamewithproblems,likethefacthumanbeingscan’treallysurviveat30，000feet.Tomakethatpossible,thecabinwaschangedtoacylindrical(圆柱体)shapetosupportthepressureinside.Butatfirst,planebuildersleftinthestandardsquarewindowsandthisexpansionmeantdisaster.Thede__Havilland__Cometcameintofashioninthe1950s.Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.However,wherethere’sacorner,there’saweakspot.Windows,havingfourcorners,havefourpotentialweakspots,makingthemlikelytocrashunderstress—suchasairpressure.Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcornerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.Roundedshapesarealsostrongerandresistdeformation(变形),andcanthussurvivetheextremedifferencesinpressurebetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheaircraft.Fortunately,designersfiguredoutthelackofdesignprettyquick.Nowwehavenice,roundedairplanewindowsthatcanresistthepressureoftravelingaltitude.Itgivesbeingabletogazeoutofyourwindowtotheworldfrom35，000feetawholenewoutlook,doesn’tit?1、Whydidairlinesaimtoflyathigheraltitudes?A．Toincreasesafetyoftheplane.B．Tohelptheplanetotakeoff.C．Tosavemoneyforlessdrag.D．Tocarrymorepassengersandgofaster.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“deHavillandComet”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplanet. B．Aband. C．Anaircraft. D．Adesign.3、Whichistheadvantageoftheroundedwindow?A．Itreducesthepossibilityofbreakingup.B．Itweakensthestrengthofairpressure.C．Itincreasestheairpressure.D．Ithelpstosurvivetheextremeweather.4、Wheredoesthistextcomefrom?A．Anewspaperonsafedriving. B．Amagazineonfashiondesign.C．Awebsiteonsurvivalskills. D．Asciencebookonflying.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Ijusthadtwolovelyconversationswithmylong-termfriends.First,Iwaspleasedtohavean1meetingwithBryan.He’sCEOofagovernmentagencyandoneofthefirstpeopleI2whenImovedtoMedicineHat.I3toworkthatmorningeighteenyearsagoandhequicklybeganintroducingmetootheremployees.His4wasappreciatedandwebeganaclosefriendshiprightthenashegavemeacomfortable5inmynewworkplace.OverthenextfewyearsBryanwould6meattheoffice.Thereweremanytimeswhenwe7together.Wedidn’tseeeachothervery8afterImovedonwithothercareerpaths.Latethisafternoon,weunexpectedlymetatastoreandstoodinthecoldbesideour9intheparkinglotforanhour.We10memoriesandinspiredeachotherwithtalesofourexperiences.OnedayIsawthelightonmyphoneflashingandthensawthe11messageleftformebyanother12Chris,whohasbeeninmylifesince1973.He’sreturnedtoretireand13inhishometownofWhitewood,wherewefirstmet.14nothavinglivedinthesametownorcitysincethen,we’veheldeachotherinour15forthepastfourdecades.Evenwhenwe’reall16anddon’tmakecontactwitheachotherformonths,italwaysfeelsliketimehasn’tpassedsinceourlast17.Weunderstandandcareabouteachotherandthat’sallthat18.Mostdictionaries19afriendissomeoneyou“know,likeandtrust”.I’mgratefulthatmanyofmyfriendshipsgowell20that.1、A．unfairB．unluckyC．unplannedD．unpleasant2、A．metB．hatedC．taughtD．hurt3、A．forgotB．refusedC．wantedD．reported4、A．experienceB．kindnessC．courageD．praise5、A．endB．bedC．pastD．start6、A．visitB．noticeC．attractD．punish7、A．criedB．sangC．laughedD．danced8、A．secretlyB．rarelyC．nervouslyD．frequently9、A．taxisB．carsC．busesD．houses10、A．storedB．clearedC．sharedD．lost11、A．sweetB．anxiousC．terribleD．ordinary12、A．leaderB．friendC．brotherD．employee13、A．hidB．workedC．diedD．lived14、A．IfB．WhenC．ThoughD．Because15、A．roomsB．heartsC．officesD．families16、A．busyB．patientC．regretfulD．tired17、A．practiceB．successC．talkD．show18、A．liesB．worksC．differsD．matters19、A．requireB．stateC．containD．know20、A．beyondB．againstC．beneathD．without第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwordsortheproperformsofthegivenwords.Youmustpracticeyourlanguageskills,1．thereisnopointlearning.Therearemanydifferentthings2．(do)foreachofthefourpartsoflanguagelearning.Practicingreadingdoesnothavetobedifficult.IfyouarelearningFrench,thennexttimeyougotoFrance,buyalotof3．(newspaper)andbooks.Readthem—itisassimpleasthat.Ifyoureadwithadictionarynexttoyou,youareabletolookupwordswhenyoudon’tknowthemandatleastfollow4．issaid.Practicingwritingdoesnothavetobetootricky.Agoodtest5．(see)ifyourwritingismakingsenseistoaskforreplies.Youcouldwritetotouristinformationofficesaskingforbrochuresabouttheirtown,ortohotelsaskingfordetailsofprices.6．areplycomesbacktoyoucontainingtheinformationyourequested,youwillfeelhappyasyourpracticeispayingoff.Practicingspeakingskillsisperhapsthemost7．(interest)experiencebecauseyougetthechancetointeract(互动)withothers.Ofcourse,thebestwaytopracticeistovisitthecountry8．thelanguageisspoken.Thepracticeoflisteningskillstendstogohandinhandwithspeaking.Ifyouareabletodoanyoftheabove,suchasgoingonholidayorchattingwithanativespeaker,thenthelisteningpracticewillfollow9．(nature).Butifnot,youcanbuyorborrowtapesofpeoplespeakingthelanguage.YoucanalsolistentorentedDVDs10．thelanguagewithandwithoutsubtitles(字幕)tohelpyourlearningalong.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Todaywasmyfather’sbirthday,whichwassoabigdayforme,soIwantedtogivehimsurprise、MyfatheralwaysgavemethatIwanted、Hewasbusybuttriedherbesttodosomethingforme、Actual,hewasagreatfatherforme、ItoldmymotherthatIwantedtomakeadishformyfatherandsheisveryhappytoteachingme、SowhenIwenthomeafterschool,Irushedtothekitchen,preparedforthefood、Withmymother’shelp,Iwasveryconfident、Whenmyfatherwenthome,hewasveryhappyandpraisedformealot、Hesaidthiswasthebiggestpresentshehadreceived、第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）假如你是李华，在圣诞节来临之际，你的朋友John想买一个具有中国特色的礼物送给外教，向你求助，请你根据以下提示写一封邮件向他推荐一个礼物：1.推荐的礼物；2.对礼物做简单描述；3.推荐的理由。注意:1.词数100字左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJohn,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

参考答案第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1、B2、D3、C4、C5、C6、C7、A8、B9、D10、D11、B12、A13、A14、D15、C16、D17、D18、C19、B20、A第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21、1、B2、D3、D22、1、B2、C3、C23、223、B1、C2、A24、A“smartdrug”takenbystudentstoimprovetheirperformancereallydoeswork,scientistshavefound.Thedrugmodafinil（莫达非尼）iscurrentlyusedtotreatsleepdisorder,butitiswidelyusedoff-labelbystudentstohelpthemreviseforexamsorfocusonlongessays.Untilnow,therehasbeenalackofclearevidenceoverwhetheritcanactuallyboostconcentrationandalertness.Butanewanalysisoftheresearchrevealeditdoesimproveplanninganddecisionmaking,flexibility,learningandmemory,andevencreativity.Thefindingsraiseseriousethical(处方的，道德的)questionsaboutwhethermodafinilshouldbe“classified,toleratedorcondemned”,scientistssaid.ProfessorGuyGoodwin,PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegesaid:“It’sthefirstrealexampleofa‘smartdrug’,whichcangenuinelyhelp,forexample,withexampreparation.”Previousethicaldiscussionsaroundsmartdrugsassumedmajoreffectsofthedrugsbeforeitwasclearthattherewereany,headded.Hecontinued“Ifcorrect,thepresentupdatemeanstheethicaldebateisreal:howshouldweclassify,tolerateorcondemnadrugthatimproveshumanperformance?”[Afifthofuniversitystudentsacrossthecountryclaimtohavetakensmartdrugs,

accordingtosurveysbystudentnewspaperTheTab.AndtheuseofmodafinilismostwidespreadatOxfordUniversity,whereaquarterofstudentshavereportedtohaveusedit.Overtheyears,universitieshavediscussedhowbesttorespondtotheuseofsmartdrugs,andsomehavesuggestedOlympic-styledopingtestsforstudentssittingexams.ProfessorGoodwinsaidthereshouldbeasociety-widedebateonhowmodafinilshouldbelicencedandregulated,aswellaswhatuniversitiesshoulddoaboutitsuse.Hesaid:“Regulationhasbeenandremainsuncertain.Wecannotknoweitherifdemandformo