新探索研究生英语(提高级)视听说教程教学课件U2-periods1-2

Learningobjectives01understanddifferentviewsonthespreadofEnglishknowaboutcrowd-sourcedmapslearnabouttheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem02listentodetectandrepairlapsesinunderstandinglistentofollowmathematicalorscientificproblemsidentifyproblemsinvisualsusevisualdata03presentvisualdatatoexplaintheresultsofasurveyonpublictransportationinacityCONTENTSViewingWarmingup2Listening1AcademiclisteningListening2GettingtheskillCriticalthinking13Viewing1.Lookatthefollowingpicturesofdailyitems.Doyouknowwhytheywerefirstinvented?Howaretheyrelatedtospaceexploration?WarmingupEmergencyblanketDustbusterSpacepeppersInfraredearthermometer(红外线耳温计)Viewing1.Lookatthefollowingpicturesofdailyitems.Doyouknowwhytheywerefirstinvented?Howaretheyrelatedtospaceexploration?WarmingupEmergencyblanketThereasonswhytheitemswerefirstinvented:protectingastronautsfromsolarradiationandouterspace’sextremetemperatures.helpingastronautscollectrockandsoilsamplesfromtheMoon.DustbusterViewing1.Lookatthefollowingpicturesofdailyitems.Doyouknowwhytheywerefirstinvented?Howaretheyrelatedtospaceexploration?WarmingupThereasonswhytheitemswerefirstinvented:providingpeoplewithlarger,tastierandmorenutritiouspeppers.helpingastronautsmeasurethetemperatureofcelestialbodies.SpacepeppersInfraredearthermometer(红外线耳温计)Viewing1.Lookatthefollowingpicturesofdailyitems.Doyouknowwhytheywerefirstinvented?Howaretheyrelatedtospaceexploration?WarmingupTheemergencyblanket,dustbusterandinfrared(ear)thermometerwereoriginallydevelopedtofacilitatespaceexploration,whilespacepeppersaretheproductsofusingspacetechnologytobenefitourdailylife.Howaretheyrelatedtospaceexploration?EmergencyblanketDustbusterSpacepeppersInfraredearthermometer(红外线耳温计)Viewing2.Watchthevideoaboutspaceexplorationandrearrangetheinventionsintheordertheyarementioned.WarmingupWirelessheadphonesandphonecamerasFreeze-driedfoodAthleticshoesBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystemSpacevegetables__________________________________________________13254Viewing3.Watchthevideoagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.WarmingupWhataretheoriginalfunctionsoftheinventionsmentionedinthevideo?Doyouknowanythingelsewewouldn’thavewithoutspaceexploration?Viewing3.Watchthevideoagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.WarmingupPhonecameras:totakephotographsinspace.Athleticshoes:usingthemanufacturingtechnologyofNASA’sspacesuits.Freeze-driedfood:toofferastronautsfoodwithalmostthesameamountofnutrientsbutatalowerweight.Thefollowingtwoitemswereoriginallyinventedtobenefitourdailylife,sotheirfunctionsdonotchange:Spacevegetables:tosupplypeoplewithvegetableswithmorenutrientsandhigheryields.BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem:Intransportation,itcanhelpeasetrafficcongestionandmonitorspecialvehicles,shortentheperiodbetweentrains,andsendshortmessagestoreportsafetyatsea.Whataretheoriginalfunctionsoftheinventionsmentionedinthevideo?Doyouknowanythingelsewewouldn’thavewithoutspaceexploration?Viewing3.Watchthevideoagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.WarmingupTherearesomeotherdevicesandproductswewouldn’thavewithoutspaceexploration,suchastheadjustablesmokedetector,nanofiberwaterfilter,andmemoryfoam.Whataretheoriginalfunctionsoftheinventionsmentionedinthevideo?Doyouknowanythingelsewewouldn’thavewithoutspaceexploration?AcademiclisteningListening1ThespreadofEnglishBeforeyoulistenGloballisteningCloselisteningListening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningskillBeforeyoulistenGloballisteningCloselisteningAcademiclisteningskillBeforeyoulistenTask1Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.()1.enhance(v.)()2.exclude(v.)()3.linguistic(adj.)()4.neutral(adj.)()5.notion(n.)()6.obligatory(adj.)()7.significance(n.)()8.widespread(adj.)describinglanguagethatisdeliberatelychosentoavoidexpressinganystrongopinionorfeelingrelatingtolanguagesorwordsidea,knowledge,orunderstandingofsomethinghappeninginmanyplaces,oraffectingmanypeopletoimprovesomething,ortomakeitmoreattractiveorvaluabledescribingsomethingthatmustbedoneinordertoobeyaruletheimportancethatsomethinghasbecauseitaffectsotherthingstodeliberatelynotincludesomeoneorsomethingEHBACFGDCompletethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.Changetheformifnecessary.BeforeyoulistenTask2Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningenhance exclude linguistic neutralnotion obligatory significance widespreadLearninglanguagesinanonlineenvironmentbecomesmore__________everyyear.__________knowledgehelpsyoutounderstandacountry’sculture.Knowingacountry’slanguageshouldbe__________forpeoplegoingtolivethere.Onlyonelanguageshouldbeusedintheworkplace;otherlanguagesshouldbe__________.Thechoiceoflanguageusedinaninternationalmeetinghasgreatpolitical__________.The__________oftheworldneedinganinternationallanguageiswrong.Theofficialnewsmediashouldadoptthe__________languageinnewsreports.Speakingmorethanonelanguage__________yourcareeropportunities.widespreadLinguisticobligatoryexcludedsignificancenotionneutralenhancesThinkaboutthesentencesandchoosetheone(s)youagreewith.BeforeyoulistenTask3Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningLearninglanguagesinanonlineenvironmentbecomesmorewidespreadeveryyear.Linguisticknowledgehelpsyoutounderstandacountry’sculture.Knowingacountry’slanguageshouldbeobligatoryforpeoplegoingtolivethere.Onlyonelanguageshouldbeusedintheworkplace;otherlanguagesshouldbeexcluded.Thechoiceoflanguageusedinaninternationalmeetinghasgreatpoliticalsignificance.Thenotionoftheworldneedinganinternationallanguageiswrong.Theofficialnewsmediashouldadopttheneutrallanguageinnewsreports.Speakingmorethanonelanguageenhancesyourcareeropportunities.GloballisteningTask1Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningListentoThespreadofEnglishandmatcheachspeakerwithasideandanargument.FillintheblankswithlettersA–F.Alana__________themotion,withtheargumentthat__________.Berta__________themotion,withtheargumentthat__________.Carl__________themotion,withtheargumentthat__________.Ricardo__________themotion,withtheargumentthat__________.SideArgumentProposesOpposesEnglishpresentsadangertotheveryexistenceofotherlanguages.Englishisnowsowidespreadthatitisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutit.NobodyhastolearnEnglishiftheydon’twantto.Englishhaspermanentlyexcludedalltheotherlanguages.ADBCAEBFCloselisteningTask1Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningListentoThespreadofEnglishagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.AccordingtoAlana,howmanypeopleworldwidespokeEnglishin2015?

WhatdoesBertathinkofthesprawlingofEnglish?

0.5billion.1.5billion.10.5billion.15billion.Itenhancestheplaceswhereitgoes.Itisneutral.Itimproveslifeforthelocalpeople.Itdestroyslocalcultureandlanguage.CloselisteningTask1Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningListentoThespreadofEnglishagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutCarlisNOTtrue?

Whoraisesthepointthatlearningalanguagethatenablesyoutocommunicatewithpeopleallovertheworldisempowering,notdestructive?

HetaughtlotsofchildreninSpainandFrance.HesuggeststhatlearningEnglishshouldn’tbeagovernmentpolicy.HeagreesthatEnglishmaydisplaceotherlanguages.Hethinksthatthesignificanceofbeingabletospeakacommonlanguagecannotbeoverstated.Alana.Berta.Carl.Ricardo.CloselisteningTask1Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningListentoThespreadofEnglishagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.AccordingtoRicardo,whatpercentageofthearticlesamongover21,000scientificarticlesfrom239countrieswereinEnglish?

0.8%.8%.18%.80%.CloselisteningTask2Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Whataretheproponents’andopponents’argumentsrespectively?Whichsidedoyouagreewith?Why?

CloselisteningTask2Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningWhataretheproponents’andopponents’argumentsrespectively?Whichsidedoyouagreewith?Why?

Proponents:1)Englishisnowsowidespreadthatitisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutit.2)NobodyhastolearnEnglishiftheydon’twantto.3)TofailtolearnEnglishistofailtojointheinternationalcommunity.Opponents:1)Englishpresentsadangertotheveryexistenceofotherlanguages.2)Englishhaspermanentlyexcludedalltheotherlanguages.3)Englishisn’tevenunderstoodbyallEnglishspeakers.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.CloselisteningTask2Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningWhataretheproponents’andopponents’argumentsrespectively?Whichsidedoyouagreewith?Why?

Iagreewiththeproponents.Lookattheworldnow.EnglishissowidespreadontheInternet,inmoviesorpopularmusic,etc.Itisalmosteverywhere.AndEnglishisalsoacommonlanguageinsomeprofessionalfieldssuchasinbusinessnegotiations.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.CloselisteningListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclistening

Debateon“Englishisssprawlinglanguage.”Workingroupsoffouranddivideyourgroupintotwopairswitheachpaironaside.Workinpairstowritedownsomeargumentsandsupportingevidence.Theneachgroupholdsadebateonthistopic.ExtensionactivityAcademiclisteningskillListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclistening

ListeningtodetectandrepairlapsesinunderstandingWemayhavealapseofconcentrationinlisteningandmisssomeinformation.Undersuchcircumstances,wecanmakeanoteoftheinformationgivenbeforeandafterthelapse,addingaquestiontohelpidentifythetypeofinformationwethinkismissing.Englishisa__________language.However,sometimesweareunawarethatwehavemissedormisunderstoodsomething.Attheendofthelistening,reviewthenotesandidentifyunlikelyorsurprisinginformation.181countrieswithEnglishasofficiallanguage—CHECK!!!Task1Readthefollowingparagraphstolearnabouttheskillofdetectingandrepairinglapsesinunderstanding.adjective—“sp??”…speakerusesthispositively??!!!AcademiclisteningskillListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclistening

Wecanrepairsuchlapsesinunderstandingbyinferringfromthecontextoraskingquestions.I’mmissingsomeinformation.Yousaid“Englishisawhatlanguage”?Whatdidyoumeanby“sprawling”exactly?I’mnotsureifIheardcorrectly.Didyousay“181”?Yousaid“theofficiallanguage.”Isthatright?AcademiclisteningskillTask2Listening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningListentoThespreadofEnglishagainandrepairthelapsesineachofthefollowingsentences.

Englishhasbecomeaworldlanguage,spokenbyover…let’ssee,ahyes,tenpointfivebillionpeopleworldwidein2015,upfromabillionjusttenyearsearlier.Andotherlanguagesareaffected,too;whowantstolearnFrenchor…let’ssay,Russian,orSwahili,whichisnotgoingtohelpanyone,whenEnglishissoclearlyobligatoryforanyonewithambition?Itoverpowersanddestroyslocalculture,locallanguage,localcustoms,localfood,local__________ofhowtolive.I’vetaughtEnglishtomillionsofchildreninSpainandFrance,andit’samazinghowtheyallbenefitedinsomanyways,developinglinguisticandculturalawareness,gainingaccesstoallsortsofinformation,andsoon.A2012studyfoundthatofmorethan21,000scientificarticlesfrom239countries,______wereinEnglish—thatitwouldbealmostimpossibletostartagainwithanotherlanguage.onepointfivebillionwhichisnotasusefulasEnglishnotionsmanychildren80%AudioscriptsListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningMODERATOR:Let’sbegin.Wehavetwospeakerstoproposethemotion,“Englishisasprawlinglanguage,”andtwotoopposeit.We’llstartwithAlana.Alana,canyouintroduceyourmainargument?ALANA:We’regoingtoproposethatEnglishis,infact,asprawlinglanguage,andthatthisisagoodthing.Cantherereallybeanydoubtaboutthis?Ithinknot.Wewillgiveyouthreereasons,threereasonsthatcannotseriouslybedenied,threereasonsthatproveourpointbeyondanypossibledoubt.Thefirstisthis.Lookattheworldtoday,orratherlisten.Englishisnowsowidespreadthatitisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutit.TheInternet,popularmusic,popularmovies,popularculture…Whatlanguageareallthesethingsin?You’veguessedit,English.Yetweonlyhavetogobackafewshortyearstoenteraworldinwhicheveryonespokedifferentlanguages—therewasnocommonlanguage.Englishhasbecomeaworldlanguage,spokenbyover…let’ssee,ahyes,tenpointfivebillionpeopleworldwidein2015,upfromabillionjusttenyearsearlier.Goingbackahundredyears,thefigurewouldhavebeenprobablyatenthofthat,withspeakersconcentratedaroundafewcountries,notspreadacrosstheglobe.Neverbeforehasaculturalchangeofthissizehappenedsoquickly.BERTA:Um,I’mnotsureifIheardcorrectly.DidyousaythattenpointfivebillionpeoplespeakEnglish?That’smorethanthepopulationoftheworld.ALANA:Sorry,obviouslyImeantonepointfivebillion,nottenpointfive.Imisreadit,sorry,butmyargumentstands.BERTA:Isee.I’llobviouslyhavetolistencarefullytocorrectanymorefalseclaims.MODERATOR: Thankyou,Berta.Wouldyouliketopresentyourfirstargumentagainstthemotion?BERTA:Absolutely.Well,Alana,Ihavetosaythatyouareperfectlycorrectononecount,ifnotyournumbers.Englishhasspreadout,or

AudioscriptsListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningsprawledasyouputit.Ithassprawledlikethewaterfromamassivetsunami,leavingnopeople,noplacesuntouched.Ithasdominated.Anditdoesnotenhancetheplaceswhereitgoes.Infact,itisnotevenneutral.Nowherethatitarrivesdoesitimprovelifeforthelocalpeople:Instead,itoverpowersanddestroyslocalculture,locallanguage,localcustoms,localfood,localnotionsofhowtolive.Andotherlanguagesareaffected,too;whowantstolearnFrenchor…let’ssay,Russian,orSwahili,whichisnotgoingtohelpanyone,whenEnglishissoclearlyobligatoryforanyonewithambition?Theselanguagesareexcludedfromthegreatlanguagelearningindustrywhich,ifyouinvestigateit,you’llfindgeneratesmillionsofdollars,bytheway.So,Englishpresentsadangertotheveryexistenceofotherlanguages.ALANA:I’msorry,I’mnotsureIgetyourpoint.WhatdidyoumeanbysayingthatlearningSwahiliisn’thelpful?Isn’tthatabitdisrespectful?BERTA:No,Ididn’tmeanthat.Imeantthatpeopledon’tseeitasuseful,comparedtolearningEnglish.Mypointistheopposite.IwouldlovepeopletolearnSwahili,Russian,Hindi…ALANA:OK.Igetthepointnow.Ihaveanotherquestion.I’mmissingsomeinformation.Yougavealistofthingsitdestroysincluding“localwhatofhowtolive”?BERTA:“Notions,”youknow,“ideas.”ALANA:Alright.Gotthat.Thanks.MODERATOR: Carl,wouldyouliketoanswerBerta’sproposal?CARL:Yes.Well,I’msorry,butseldomhaveIheardsuchnonsense.Ournexttwopointsarethese.First,nobodyhastolearnEnglishiftheydon’twantto.It’snotsomekindofgovernmentpolicy,althoughforward-thinkinggovernmentsdotendtosupportit.Learningalanguagethatenablesyoutocommunicatewithpeopleallovertheworldisempowering,notdestructive.I’vetaughtEnglishtomillionsofchildreninSpainandFrance,andit’sAudioscriptsListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningamazinghowtheyallbenefitedinsomanyways,developinglinguisticandculturalawareness,gainingaccesstoallsortsofinformation,andsoon.NeverhaveIwitnessedanynegativeeffectsliketheonesyou’retalkingabout,Berta.Andpleasedon’tsuggestthatEnglishdisplacesotherlanguages—theylivesidebyside.Youdon’tjusteliminatealanguagebylearninganotherone.Second,sprawlingisanegativeword,unfortunately.Itcontainstheideaofintrusion,ofbeingwhereitisn’twanted.Thiscouldnotbefartherfromthetruth.Inalmosteverycountryintheworld,thereisarecognitionthattofailtolearnEnglishistofailtojointheinternationalcommunity.Thesignificanceofbeingabletospeakacommonlanguagecannotbeoverstated.Multiculturalismtotallydependsonit;withoutacommonlanguage,itcannotexist.BERTA:Sorry,earlieryousaidthatyoutaughtmillions?I’mnotsureifIheardthatright.Youmustbequiteateacher!CARL:It’sjustafigureofspeech.Lots,anyway.Andtheyallenjoyeditandbenefitedfromit,whichwasmypoint.MODERATOR: Nowthatthat’sclearedup,let’sgivethefloortoRicardo.Wouldyouliketomakeyourfinalpointagainst?RICARDO:Points,actually.IhavetwopointstocounterAlana’sfirstpointthatEnglishiswidespreadandthisisagoodthingandonlyagoodthing.ThefirstpointisthatthereisnowsomuchinformationinEnglishontheInternet,andinprofessionaljournals.A2012studyfoundthatofmorethan21,000scientificarticlesfrom239countries,80%wereinEnglish—thatitwouldbealmostimpossibletostartagainwithanotherlanguage.Englishhaspermanentlyexcludedalltheotherlanguages.Andmysecond,andfinal,pointisthatEnglishisn’tevenunderstoodbyallEnglishspeakers—it’sbecomesomixed,andtherearesomanyAudioscriptsListening1ThespreadofEnglishAcademiclisteningdifferentformsorvarietiesofEnglishthatitisn’treallyaworldlanguageatall,itismanydifferentlanguages—andthat’sjustconfusingtolearners.CARL:CanIjustjumpinhere?I’mnotsureifIheardcorrectly.Didyousay18%or80(80%)aboutthepercentageofarticlesinEnglish?RICARDO:80%.That’smypoint.AsIsaid,it’sthemainlanguageoftheInternet.CARL:YousaidthatEnglishisthemainlanguageoftheInternet,right?So,Englishisthebestlanguagetolearn,surely?You’rejustreinforcingyourpoint.RICARDO:Ididn’tmeanthat,Carl,asyouwellknow…BeforeyoulistenTask1Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.()1.accommodate(v.)()2.hazard(n.)()3.interaction(n.)()4.navigation(n.)()5.parallel(adj.)()6.source(v.)()7.stable(adj.)()8.stimulus(n.)notchangingfrequentlyandnotlikelytosuddenlybecomeworseanythingthatencouragessomethingtohappen,develop,orimprovesomethingthatcouldbedangeroustheactivityofbeingwithandtalkingtootherpeopletheskillortheprocessofplanningarouteforashiporothervehiclesandtakingittheretolocateandobtainsomethingfromaparticularplacetoconsidersomethingsuchassomebody’sopinionorafactandbeinfluencedbyitwhenyouaredecidingwhattodoorexplainingsomethingdescribinglinesthatarethesamedistanceapartateverypointalongtheirwholelengthGCDEHFABBeforeyoulistenTask2Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningStep1:Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.accommodate hazard interaction navigationparallel source stable stimulusComputersystemsnowadaysarecompletely__________.Face-to-facemeetingsarebetterthanonlinemeetingsbecausetheyallowmore_________betweenthepeopleinvolved.Newsubwaylineshavebeenconstructedto______________increasingcommutingneedsoftravelers.Technologyhasmade_________soeasythatwithoutitpeoplearelosingtheabilitytofindtheirwayaroundnewplaces.Themain_________forspacetravelisthehumandesiretodiscovernewthings.Thepossibilityofbringingbacknewdiseasesisamajor_________ofspacetravel.Twolinesthatare_________cannevermeet.Employersneedto_________newtalenttoensuretheircompaniesaresuccessful.stableinteractionaccommodatenavigationstimulushazardparallelsourceBeforeyoulistenTask2Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningStep2:Thinkaboutthesentencesandchoosetheone(s)youagreewith.Computersystemsnowadaysarecompletelystable.Face-to-facemeetingsarebetterthanonlinemeetingsbecausetheyallowmoreinteractionbetweenthepeopleinvolved.Newsubwaylineshavebeenconstructedtoaccommodateincreasingcommutingneedsoftravelers.Technologyhasmadenavigationsoeasythatwithoutitpeoplearelosingtheabilitytofindtheirwayaroundnewplaces.Themainstimulusforspacetravelisthehumandesiretodiscovernewthings.Thepossibilityofbringingbacknewdiseasesisamajorhazardofspacetravel.Twolinesthatareparallelcannevermeet.Employersneedtosourcenewtalenttoensuretheircompaniesaresuccessful.GloballisteningTask1Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningListentoMappingtheworldandrearrangethestagesintheorderthelecturergoesthroughthem.__________Discussflow__________Outlinethethemeofthelecture__________Discussspeed__________Describetrafficflow__________Discussanewformofmapping__________Discussdensity__________Moveontothetopicofmaps__________Presenttheconceptofa“time-spacediagram”__________Outlinetheproblemswiththenewformofmapping415283769CloselisteningTask1Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningListentoMappingtheworldagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.Whatisthefocusofthelecture?WhichofthefollowingisNOTabasicvariabledescribingtrafficflow?Thepoliticsofmaps.Thecrowd-sourcedmap.Thechanginglandscape.Climatechange.Density.Speed.Flow.Space.CloselisteningTask1Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningListentoMappingtheworldagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.Whatdoesthespeakersayabout“Spacemeanspeed”?Whichisapotentialhazardofthecrowd-sourcedmap?Itismeasuredwithloopdetectors.Itismeasuredoverthewholesectionofroad.Itdoesnotproduceaccuratespeedmeasurements.Itiseasiertoimplementthan“Timemeanspeed.”Leadingdriverstothewrongroads.Travelers’over-relianceonit.Asecurityriskforpoliceofficers.Costingtoomuchmoney.CloselisteningTask1Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningListentoMappingtheworldagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothelecture?Densitymeanshowmanycarscanfitinaspace,namely,carsperkilometer.“Timemeanspeed”isgenerallyconsideredasthebetteroption.Trafficflowina“time-spacediagram”isrepresentedbyindividuallinesshowingthemovementofindividualvehicles.Mappingcanbeofachanginglandscape.CloselisteningTask2Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningWhataredensity,flowandspeed—thethreevariablesoftrafficflow?Explaintheconceptsinyourownwords.Whatisacrowd-sourcedmap?Whatarethebenefitsandpotentialhazardsofit?

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.CloselisteningTask2Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclistening

Densitymeansthenumberofcarsthatcanfitinasectionofroad,thatis,carsperkilometer.Flowreferstothenumberofcarsthatcanpassbyapointinaspecifiedtime,namely,carsperminute.Speedisthedistancethatavehicletravelsperunitoftime.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.

Whataredensity,flowandspeed—thethreevariablesoftrafficflow?Explaintheconceptsinyourownwords.Whatisacrowd-sourcedmap?Whatarethebenefitsandpotentialhazardsofit?CloselisteningTask2Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclistening

Acrowd-sourcedmapisakindofmapbuiltbyuserstogether,byaddinginformationonamoment-by-momentbasis.Thebenefitisthatalluserscanimmediatelysendandgetinformationaboutaroad,suchasanaccidentonit,sotheycanavoidthatroaduntiltheaccidentiscleared.Thepotentialhazardisthatthelocationofpoliceofficersmaybeexposedtotheusers.Andforthedrivers,theprocessofaddingtothemapandreceivingupdatesandreminderswoulddistractthemandpotentiallyleadtomoreaccidents.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.

Whataredensity,flowandspeed—thethreevariablesoftrafficflow?Explaintheconceptsinyourownwords.Whatisacrowd-sourcedmap?Whatarethebenefitsandpotentialhazardsofit?CloselisteningTask3Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningWorkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.

Whataretheday-to-dayresultsoftrafficproblems?Whatarethesolutionsforthem?Haveyoueverusedanycrowd-sourcedmap?Ifso,howdoyoulikeit?CloselisteningTask3Listening2MappingtheworldAcademiclisteningWorkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.

Whataretheday-to-dayresultsoftrafficproblems?Whatarethesolutionsforthem?

Haveyoueverusedanycrowd-sourcedmap?Ifso,howdoyoulikeit?Trafficcongestionbecomesaprominentprobleminsomecities,whichwouldleadtolongerjourneytime,moreairpollutionandextraeconomiccosts.Thereareseveralwaystoalleviatethisproblem.Thegov