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ItalyFactsandStatisticsLocation:
SouthernEurope,borderingAustria430km,France488km,HolySee(VaticanCity)
3.2km,SanMarino39km,Slovenia232km,Switzerland740kmCapital:
RomeClimate:
predominantlyMediterranean;Alpineinfarnorth;hot,dryinsouthPopulation:
58,057,477(July2004est.)EthnicMake-up:Italian(includessmallclustersofGerman-,French-,andSlovene-Italiansinthenorth
andAlbanian-ItaliansandGreek-Italiansinthesouth)Religions:
predominatelyRomanCatholicwithmatureProtestantandJewishcommunitiesanda
growingMuslimimmigrantcommunityGovernment:
republic.
Thefamilyisthecentreofthesocialstructureandprovidesastabilizinginfluenceforitsmembers.
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Inthenorth,generallyonlythenuclearfamilylivestogether;whileinthesouth,theextendedfamilyoftenresidestogetherinonehouse.
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Thefamilyprovidesbothemotionalandfinancialsupporttoitsmembers.ItalianFamilyValuesItalianStyle.
AppearancesmatterinItaly.
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Thewayyoudresscanindicateyoursocialstatus,yourfamily'sbackground,andyoureducationlevel.
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FirstimpressionsarelastingimpressionsinItaly.
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Theconceptof'bellafigura'orgoodimageisimportanttoItalians.
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Theyunconsciouslyassessanotherperson'sageandsocialstandinginthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingthem,oftenbeforeanywordsareexchanged.
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ClothesareimportanttoItalians.
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Theyareextremelyfashionconsciousandjudgepeopleontheirappearance.
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Youwillbejudgedonyourclothes,shoes,accessoriesandthewayyoucarryyourself.
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Bellafiguraismorethandressingwell.Itextendstotheaurayourprojecttoo-i.e.confidence,style,demeanour,etc.Catholicism.
TheprimaryreligioninItalyisRomanCatholic.
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TherearemoreCatholicchurchespercapitainItalythaninanyothercountry.
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Althoughchurchattendanceisrelativelylow,theinfluenceofthechurchisstillhigh.
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Manyofficebuildingswillhaveacrossorareligiousstatueinthelobby.
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Eachdayoftheyearhasatleastonepatronsaintassociatedwithit.
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Childrenarenamedforaparticularsaintandcelebratetheirsaint'sdayasifitweretheirownbirthday.
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Eachtradeandprofessionhasapatronsaint.
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Thechurchpromulgateshierarchy,whichcanbeseeninallItalianrelationships.
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Theyrespectanddefertothosewhoareolder,thosewhohaveachievedalevelofbusinesssuccess,andthosewhocomefromwell-connectedfamiliesEtiquette&CustomsinItalyMeetingEtiquette.
Greetingsareenthusiasticyetratherformal.
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Theusualhandshakewithdirecteyecontactandasmilesufficesbetweenstrangers.
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Oncearelationshipdevelops,air-kissingonbothcheeks,startingwiththeleftisoftenaddedaswellasapatonthebackbetweenmen.
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Waituntilinvitedtomovetoafirstnamebasis.
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Italiansareguidedbyfirstimpressions,soitisimportantthatyoudemonstrateproprietyandrespectwhengreetingpeople,especiallywhenmeetingthemforthefirsttime.
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ManyItaliansusecallingcardsinsocialsituations.Theseareslightlylargerthantraditionalbusinesscardsandincludetheperson'sname,address,titleoracademichonours,andtheirtelephonenumber.
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IfyouarestayinginItalyforanextendedperiodoftime,itisagoodideatohavecallingcardsmade.Nevergiveyourbusinesscardinlieuofacallingcardinasocialsituation.GiftGivingEtiquette.
Donotgivechrysanthemumsastheyareusedatfunerals.
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Donotgiveredflowersastheyindicatesecrecy.
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Donotgiveyellowflowersastheyindicatejealousy
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Ifyoubringwine,makesureitisagoodvintage.Quality,ratherthanquantity,isimportant.
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Donotwrapgiftsinblack,asistraditionallyamourningcolour.
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Donotwrapgiftsinpurple,asitisasymbolofbadluck.
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Giftsareusuallyopenedwhenreceived.DiningEtiquetteIfinvitedtoanItalianhouse:
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Ifaninvitationsaysthedressisinformal,wearstylishclothesthatarestillratherformal,i.e.,jacketandtieformenandanelegantdressforwomen.
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Punctualityisnotmandatory.Youmayarrivebetween15minuteslateifinvitedtodinnerandupto30minuteslateifinvitedtoaparty.
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Ifyouareinvitedtoameal,bringgift-wrappedsuchaswineorchocolates.
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Ifyouareinvitedfordinnerandwanttosendflowers,havethemdeliveredthatday.Tablemanners.
Remainstandinguntilinvitedtositdown.Youmaybeshowntoaparticularseat.
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TablemannersareContinental--theforkisheldinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightwhileeating.
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Followtheleadofthehostess-shesitsatthetablefirst,startseatingfirst,andisthefirsttogetupattheendofthemeal.
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Thehostgivesthefirsttoast.
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Anhonouredguestshouldreturnthetoastlaterinthemeal.
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Womenmayofferatoast.
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Alwaystakeasmallamountatfirstsoyoucanbecajoledintoacceptingasecondhelping.
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Donotkeepyourhandsinyourlapduringthemeal;however,donotrestyourelbowsonthetableeither.
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Itisacceptabletoleaveasmallamountoffoodonyourplate.
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Pickupcheesewithyourkniferatherthanyourfingers.
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Ifyoudonotwantmorewine,leaveyourwineglassnearlyfull.BusinessEtiquetteandProtocolinItalyRelationshipsandCommunication.
Italiansprefertodobusinesswithpeopletheyknowandtrust.
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Athirdpartyintroductionwillgoalongwayinprovidinganinitialplatformfromwhichtowork.
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Italiansmuchpreferface-to-facecontact,soitisimportanttospendtimeinItalydevelopingtherelationship.
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Yourbusinesscolleagueswillbeeagertoknowsomethingaboutyouasapersonbeforeconductingbusinesswithyou.
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DemeanourisimportantasItaliansjudgepeopleonappearancesandthefirstimpressionyoumakewillbealastingone.
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Italiansareintuitive.Therefore,makeanefforttoensurethatyourItalianscolleagueslikeandtrustyou.
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Networkingcanbeanalmostfull-timeoccupationinItaly.Personalcontactsallowpeopletogetahead.
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Takethetimetoaskquestionsaboutyourbusinesscolleaguesfamilyandpersonalinterests,asthishelpsbuildtherelationship
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Italiansareextremelyexpressivecommunicators.Theytendtobewordy,eloquent,emotional,anddemonstrative,oftenusingfacialandhandgesturestoprovetheirpoint.BusinessMeetingEtiquette.
Appointmentsaremandatoryandshouldbemadeinwriting(inItalian)2to3weeksinadvance.
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Reconfirmthemeetingbytelephoneorfax(againinItalian).
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ManycompaniesareclosedinAugust,andiftheyareopenmanyItalianstakevacationsatthistime,soitisbestnottotrytoschedulemeetingsthen.
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Inthenorth,punctualityisviewedasavirtueandyourbusinessassociateswillmostlikelybeontime.
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ThegoaloftheinitialmeetingistodevelopasenseofrespectandtrustwithyourItalianbusinesscolleagues.
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HaveallyourprintedmaterialavailableinbothEnglishandItalian.
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HireaninterpreterifyouarenotfluentinItalian.
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Itiscommontobeinterruptedwhilespeakingorforseveralpeopletospeakatonce.
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Peopleoftenraisetheirvoicetobeheardoverotherspeakers,notbecausetheyareangry.
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Althoughwrittenagendasarefrequentlyprovided,theymaynotbefollowed.Theyserveasajumpingoffpointforfurtherdiscussions.
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Decisionsarenotreachedinmeetings.Meetingsaremeantforafreeflowofideasandtoleteveryonehavetheirsay.BusinessNegotiation.
Inthenorth,peoplearedirect,seetimeasmoney,andgetdowntobusinessafteronlyabriefperiodofsocialtalk.
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Inthesouth,peopletakeamoreleisurelyapproachtolifeandwanttogettoknowthepeoplewithwhomtheydobusiness.
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AllowyourItalianbusinesscolleaguestosetthepaceforyournegotiations.Followtheirleadastowhenitisappropriatetomovefromsocialtobusinessdiscussions.
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Italiansprefertodobusinesswithhigh-rankingpeople.
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HierarchyisthecornerstoneofItalianbusiness.Italiansrespectpowerandage.
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Negotiationsareoftenprotracted.
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Neverusehigh-pressuresalestactics.
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Alwaysadheretoyourverbalagreements.Failingtofollowthroughonacommitmentwilldestroyabusinessrelationship.
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Heateddebatesandargumentsofteneruptin
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