2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅢGrammar-过去分词作定语表语和宾语补足语学案含解析新人教版选修8

PAGEUnit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅢGrammar——过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语[思维导图][语法精讲]一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语的位置(1)单个的过去分词：一般状况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。但有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必需调整思路来适应改变了的状况。Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.花的钱比挣的钱多。(2)过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。Thegirl,broughtupbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.由叔叔带大的那个女孩现在已经参与工作了。2．过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已完成。Thebrokenwindowwillbereplacedsoon.(被动和完成)破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时仅表示完成。Therearesomefallenleavesontheground.(完成)地上有一些落叶。3．过去分词作定语时扩展成句作后置定语的过去分词往往可以扩展成相应的定语从句。Theywantedtocutdownthefallentrees.(＝Theywantedtocutdownthetreesthathadfallen)．他们想锯断倒下的树。Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain.(＝Thetimewhichislostcanneverbefoundagain.)失去的时间恒久也找不回来。二、过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated,surprised,astonished,amazed,moved,exhausted,worried,devoted,pleased,inspired,encouraged,excited,delighted,satisfied,scared,frightened,disappointed等。Iampleasedwiththeresultoftheexperiment.我对试验结果很满足。[名师点津]过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecuponthefloorisbroken.地板上的杯子破了。(强调状态)ThecupwasbrokenbyJim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作)(2)过去分词作表语并无完成或被动之意，多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态；现在分词作表语多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。Hearingthesurprisingnews,theywereallsurprised.听到这令人惊讶的消息，他们都很惊讶。三、过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语。(1)在感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel,find等)后。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发觉他的家乡改变很大。(2)使役动词(keep,make,help,get,have等)后。Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected,youareabovealltorespectothers.假如你想让自己被敬重，你必需首先敬重别人。(3)like,want,wish,order等表示“希望；要求；吩咐”等意义的动词后。Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我希望此事立即得到解决。(4)with的复合结构中。Withmyhomeworkfinished,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.做完家庭作业后，我和爸爸去钓鱼了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iwassurprised(surprise)tofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.2．Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.3．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.4．Backfromhistwo­yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)goodcareofathome.5．LittleTomsatamazed(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.6．Keeptheinjuredpersonstillwithhisheadheld(hold)straightwhilesomeonecallsforemergency.7．Attheparty,theprettygirlworeaveryattractiveskirttomakeherselfnoticed(notice)．8．ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadevelopedcountry.(develop)Ⅱ.单句改错1．Mostchildrenfeelfrighteningwhentheyfirstgotoschool,becausetheyarenotfamiliarwiththeschoolatall.frightening→frightened2．Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！excited→exciting3．Youcannotacceptanopinionofferingtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offering→offered4．Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusingindailyconversations.using→used5．Whenwesawtheroadblockingwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.blocking→blocked6．Iamawfullytiring,butI'llneverfallasleep.tiring→tired7．Gradually,IbecameinterestinginbiologyandchosetolearnitwhenIenteredtheeresting→interested8．HowIwishIcouldmakemyselffullyunderstandinginEnglish！understanding→understoodⅢ.句型转换1．Themanagerhadsomeonerepairthemachineyesterday.→Themanagerhadthemachinerepairedyesterday.(过去分词作宾补)2．Thestorywaswrittenbyamiddleschoolstudent,anditispopularinschools.→Thestorywrittenbyamiddleschoolstudentispopularinschools.(过去分词作定语)3．Themurdererwasbroughtin,andhishandsweretiedbehindhisback.→Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(with复合结构)4．Thegirlshowsaninterestinplayingthepiano.→Thegirlisinterestedinplayingthepiano.(过去分词作表语)5．Whathesaidatmybirthdaypartydisappointedme.→Ifeltdisappointedatwhathesaidatmybirthdayparty.(过去分词作表语)Ⅳ.用过去分词完成下列句子1．Isthereanythingplanned_for_tonight?今晚有什么活动安排吗？2．Mygrandfatherhad_his_old_house_rebuiltlastmonth.上个月我爷爷找人重建了一下他的旧房子。