Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking课件高中英语人教版选择性5

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Background——WhatisCholera?霍乱是由霍乱弧菌（O1群或O139群）引起的疾病，通过食用被霍乱弧菌污染的食物或水源感染。该疾病发病急、传播快，其主要表现为腹泻、排“米泔样”便、呕吐，属于国际检疫传染病。每年约有290万新发感染患者和9.5万死亡患者，几乎所有死亡都发生在发展中国家，其中60％的新发病例和68％的死亡病例发生在非洲。在中国，霍乱流行季节为夏秋季，主要流行地区是沿海一带，如上海、广东、浙江、江苏等省份，成人发病为主，男性多于女性。霍乱病程可分为泄吐期、脱水期和恢复期，主要症状包括腹泻、呕吐、眼窝凹陷、皮肤干燥，重病患者可出现意识障碍、休克甚至死亡。霍乱主要通过患者及带菌者的粪便、排泄物污染水源或食物后传播。它的潜伏期通常为1～3天，但可短至数小时或长达5～6天。——百度百科Seeavideoaboutcholera[了解传播过程]Prereading---PredictionAccordingtothetitleandpictures,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and__________hedefeated“kingcholera”.JohnSnowhowWordsReview快速诵背，扫清障碍Para1cholera霍乱feared害怕的severe严重的，恶劣的diarrhoea腹泻dehydration

脱水outbreakn.爆发frustratedadj.沮丧的,懊恼的attendv.随同,照料givebirth生产onceandforall最终地、彻底地Para2contradictory

对立的infectionn.感染germ细菌subscribeto赞同proof证据consequentlyadv.因此，结果investigatev.调查particular特别的，特定的bedeterminedtodo下定决心做某事Para3markv.做记号，做标记exact确切的multiple多种的waterpump水泵especiallyadv.尤其household家庭pub酒吧，酒馆suspectv.怀疑betoblame该受责备awayfrom远离deliver发表；运送asaresultof由于WordsReview快速诵背，扫清障碍Para4linkn.联系case实例，案例rawadj.生的，未煮过的belikelytodo很可能做某事purewater纯净水boiledwater开水Para5tirelessadj.不知疲倦的substantial大量的decreasev.减少preventv.阻止statistics统计数字transformv.使转化considerv.考虑，认为epidemiology流行病学announcev.宣布accordinglyadv.相应地;因此remove移除interventionn.干预，介入track踪迹，足迹Whilereading---structureReadthepassageforthefirsttime,matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Whilereading---detailsReadeachparagraphandanswersomequestions.JOHNSNOWDEFEATS"KINGCHOLERA"Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydrationandevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Para1霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示了如何战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。19世纪初，霍乱在欧洲爆发，数百万人死于这种疾病。过去常常做某事直到...为止同位语宾语从句甚至、即使n.爆发数百万的diefrom死于+外因（指环境、事故等）dieof死于+内因（疾病、衰老等自身的原因）表示死的原因，die后通常接介词of/from,其区别大致为：(1)若死因存在于人体之内，主要指疾病、衰老等自身原因，一般用of。如：dieofillness(hearttrouble,cancer,afever)(2)若死因是由环境造成的，主要指事故等外部原因，一般用from。如：diefromanearthquake(atrafficaccident,alightning)(3)若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用of,from均可。如：dieof/from

adrink(awound,overwork,starvation

andcold,etc)死于饮酒

(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)

但是在实际运用中，两者混用的情况较多。Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.

由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。沮丧的；懊恼的疑问词+不定式及时；逐渐地分娩；生孩子彻底地不定式做定语DetailedReading(Para1)1.Whichsymptom（症状）isn’tmentionedinthefirstparagraph?diarrhoeafeverdehydration

death2.WhywasJohnSnowfrustrated

asayoungdoctor?A.Becausecholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared.B.Becausecholeracauseddeath.C.Becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.D.Becausehelosthisdesiretodestroycholera.DetailedReading(Para1)3.Whatdoes“King”meaninthetitle?Thenameofcholera.Thecausesofcholera.Choleraspreadfast.Choleraisadeadlydiseaseanddifficulttocure.Para2

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.

关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时的医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。一般来说=generallyspeaking宾语从句表语从句表语从句订阅；订购；赞同Whatarethetwodifferentopinionsaboutthespreadofcholera?

Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthat

intwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.

因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。因此=asaresult=hence=therefore宾语从句Helovessciencefictioninparticular.

他特别喜爱科幻小说尤其；特别是adj.特别的结果状语从句so...that...如此..以至于..,so后面接形容词和副词，that后面接从句eg:TheboxissoheavythatIcouldn’tcarryit.下定决心做某事Para3Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16.37.38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.

斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)。但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。定语从句v.标记，做记号多种的Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspected

thatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.

这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿离开宽街后死于霍乱。宾语从句离开应受责备

Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。似乎，主语从句形式主语havesthdone让某事被做

宾语从句havesthdone让某事被做

Para4ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.

事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。表语从句显示A和B之间的链接定语从句未被处理的定语从句定语从句Para5ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.

通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大大减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。大量的不懈努力Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.

幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺运用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。beconsidered(as/tobe)被认为是...定语从句Thebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoingyourbesttoday.对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。Post-reading---IntroduceJohnSnowandcholeraIntheearly19thcentury,cholerawas

oneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld.Millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.JohnSnow,

who

attendedto

QueenVictoria,becamefrustrated

becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Hesubscribedto

thetheorythatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.In1854,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,hediscoveredthatcholerawassevere.

However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholera

onceandforallandwasdeterminedto

findoutthemethods.1