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CET-4写作第七课

英语四级考试作文类型除了我们之前学过的比较型作文、分析型作文、议论型作文、图表型作文和书信型作文外,还有一些应用文体值得关注。1,报告

报告(report)是指向某人、某公司或政府机关通报值得注意的一些事实的文件。一般四级考查的是短文式报告(Reportin

EssayStyle),这类报告通常包括三部分:(1)引言(Introduction),(2)正文(body),正文根据情况不同,可分为不同的段落。(3)结论(conclusion)。实例——2003年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteAnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点:

(1)车祸发生的时间及地点;

(2)你所见到的车祸情况;

(3)你对车祸原因的分析。例文:AnEye-witnessAccountofaTrafficAccident

(1)LastFridaymorningIwasstandingatthebusstopwaitingforBusNo.375.(2)Becauseseverallinespassbythestationanditwasrushhour,manypeoplehadgatheredtherebeforenextbuscame,someoffthepavement(人行道),othersonthelawn.

(3)Abuspulledintothestationatlast.(4)BeforeIrecognizedthenumberofthepackedbus,peoplealreadythronged(挤满)

forwardandfoughttheirwaytothedoor.(5)SuddenlyIheardsomebodyshout“Help!Help!”(6)Itwasfromthecrowd.(7)Allthepassengerslookedtowardthepointwherethesoundcamefrom.(8)Apregnantwomanwaslyingontheroadnearbythebusdoor,bleedingallover.(9)Iwasfrightened.(10)Anambulancecameandtookthewomantohospital.(11)Busescameandwent,butIjuststoodthere,lostinthought.

(12)Probablybecausetimeandtide(潮流)waitfornoman,peopleinmodernsocietyarealwaysinahurry,lesttheyshould(以免)

beleftbehindandevendismissed(淘汰).(13)Therecanneverbepeaceofmind.(14)Thusrisesthenumberoftrafficaccident.(15)Iftherewerelesspressureonpeople,theremightbefeweraccidents.2,演讲稿

一般来说,演讲(Speech)包括六个部分:首段:问候语(Greetings)、提出话题(PresentationoftheTopic);主体部分:论述话题(DiscussionoftheTopic);结尾段:结束话题(ConclusionoftheTopic)、呼吁行动(AppealtoAction)以及结尾语(ClosingRemarks)。

实例——2005年1月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacampaignspeechinsupportofyourelectiontothepostofchairmanofthestudentunion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

(1)你认为自己具备什么条件(能力,性格,爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作;

(2)如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么?

例文

(1)Goodmorning.(2)Myfellowfriends,Ifeelverygladandexcitedtohavethehonorofbeingacandidateforthepresidentofthestudents‘union.(3)IamajuniorandcomefromtheForeignLanguagedepartment.

(4)IthinkIcanbequalifiedtoworkfortheunionasthepresidentforthefollowingreasons.(5)Ijoinedthedepartmentstudents‘unionthemomentIenteredthisuniversity,andhavebeenthepresidentofthatorganizationoneyearlater.(6)Consequently,Ihaveaccumulated(积累)

richexperiencesinorganizationactivitiesandcommunicatingwithstudents.(7)Besides,Ihaveabeliefofservingforthebenefitsofstudentsandthatoftheuniversityaswell.(8)Bothmyfellowdepartment-matesandteachersallgivemehighpraisesduetothecontributionsImadeduringmyterm.(9)Moreimportantly,IbelieveIamadynamicpersonfullofpassionforavarietyofthings.(10)Iamonememberoftheschoolbasketballteam.

(11)IfIamluckyenoughtobeelectedthepresident,Iwillcontributegreateffortstoservetheinterestsofourschool.(12)Specificallyspeaking(准确地说),Iwillorganizevariousactivitiesanddomoreexchangeswithotherschoolstohelpourlearningandmakethelifeevenmorecolorful.(13)Isincerelyhopeyoumaygivemeachance.(14)Thankyou.3,解说词

大学英语考试中有关旅游的题目也很多,导游解说除了开头结尾的客套话,中间则是对景点的介绍,其语言既比较规范,向旅游者介绍某个地方的特色,提供游览的信息,帮助游人了解和欣赏要游览的地方,有时还告诉游客诸如交通、食宿、花费、时间表等出外旅游常见问题。实例——2004年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothefollowingguidelines:

Yourrole:atourguide

Youraudience:agroupofforeigntourists

Yourintroductionshouldinclude:

(1)somewelcomingwords

(2)theschedulefortheday

(3)adescriptionoftheplacethetouristswillbevisiting(e.g.ascenicspotorahistoricalsite,etc.)

Youshouldmaketheintroductioninterestingandthearrangementsforthedaycleartoeverybody.例文:ABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction(旅游胜地)

Goodmorning,ladiesandgentleman,welcometoBeijing.Tobeginwith,Iwouldliketointroducemyself:IamthetouristguidefromChinaTravelServiceandit'sgreathonortostayherewithallofyouforawholeday.Justastheoldsayinggoes,"Itisalwaysapleasuretogreetafriendfromafar",soIhopeallofyouwillenjoyyourselvesduringthistrip.

Thefollowingistheschedulefortheday.

ThefirstspotwearegoingtovisitistheGreatWall,thegrandestfortificationinancientChina.ThenextsighttolookaroundistheMingTombs,whicharethebest-preservedtombsfor13emperorsinMingDynastymorethanonethousandyearsago.Intheafternoon,wewillgototheSummerPalace,theroyalparkforChineseancientemperors.CurrentlyweareonthewaytotheGreatWall.DatingbacktotheseventhcenturyB.C.,theGreatWallwasconstructedbyrespectivestatesforfortifyingagainstinvasionofneighboringstates.Bythereasonsoflonghistoryanditslength,itbecomesoneoftheeightwondersintheworldandrepresentsthehighestwisdomandcrafts.FromthetopoftheGreatWall,wecanenjoyamagnificentviewofcontinuousmountains,greentreesandbloomingwildflowers.Itisnodoubtthatonesays,"HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman".

Aboveistheintroductiontoourarrangement.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasefeelfreetoaskmeatanytime.4,便条

便条是书信的简化形式,用于比较随便的交际活动中。常见便条涉及:留言、通知、请求、询问、解释、请假或续假、道歉、致谢、约会、取消及重订安排。例文1:APrivateAffairLeaveDearDean;

AsIhavejustreceivedatelegramsayingthatmyfatherisgoingtoseemeandistoarrivethisafternoon,Ihavetoaskforanafternoon’sleavetomeethimatairport,foritishisfirsttimetoShanghai.

Attachedherewithisthetelegramreceivedfrommybrother.

Yourstudent

LuShen例文2:AsickLeaveDearProf.Wang,

IamverysorrytotellyouthatIcannotattendtoday‘slectureheldbyyouowingtothefactthatIcaughtabadcoldlastnight.ThedoctorsaidthatIshouldstayinbedforacoupleofdays.ThusIamcompelled(强迫)

toaskforsickleaveoftwodays.IshallmakeupforthemissingclassesbyconsultingmyclassmatesandreturntoclassassoonasIfeelbetter.

Enclosedwiththisletteristhedoctor'scertificate.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing5,通知

通知(notices)一般开头讲目的,中间讲流程和注意事项,最后再次感谢和提醒。正式的通知可参照邀请信写法。

Myfellowstudents:

IamWangMing,thepresidentofthestudents’union.Accordingtotherecentconferenceoftheuniversityboard,ameetingwillbeheldonThursday,April1,at2:30p.m.anditisdecidedthateveryclassshallsend3representativetoattendthissignificantactivity.

Herearethedetailsandprocedureswehavetofollowonthatday....

Bytheway,you’dbetter.........andrememberallthedetails.Iamcordially(诚恳地)

lookingforwardtoseeingallofyou.

Yourssincerely,

WangMing

Notice

April1st,2009

Allteachers,staffmembersandworkersarerequestedtomeetinthecollegeauditorium(礼堂)onThursday,April1,at2:30p.m.tolistentoareportoncurrentinternationalevents.

TheexecutiveofficeofBeijingUniversity

常用句型:

(1)Sb.is/arerequestedtonotethat….请(某人)注意…

(2)Attentionplease.

请注意。

6,启事

启事(Announcements)是机关、团体或个人有事情需要向公众公开说明,提出要求或求助而使用的一种应用文书,格式跟notice

相似。

例文

Lost

November19,2008

Duetocarelessness,Ilostablue“LiNing”brandsweaterofXIIsizeonthefirstbasketballgroundyesterdayafternoon.Thesweaterisagiftfrommyfatherformy20thbirthday,soitisdeartome.I’llbegratefultoanyonewhowouldreturnittome.

Loser

WangMing启事的英文名称遗失/寻物启事Lost

招聘启事Wanted/PositionVacant招领启事Found

寻人启事Missing

征稿启事ContributionsWanted

更正启事Correction,迁址启事ChangeofAddress

开业启事Establishment换房启事ForanExchangeofHouse

鸣谢启事Acknowledgement,订婚启事Engagement征婚启事Seeking/LookingforaSpouse,结婚启事WeddingAnnouncement,讣告Obituary英汉互译

1.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto(适应不同文化中的生活).

[解题步骤]:

第一步:由itisnoteasyto可以推出,划线处应该接动词原形。

第二步:划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”

核心谓语动词是“适应”,“不同文化的”作定语,“生活”作宾语。

第三步:

(1).切块对应翻译:“适应”=adapt;adaptto;adaptoneselfto;“生活”=life;“不同文化的”=differentcultures

(2).重新组合:adaptoneselftothelifeindifferentcultures

[考察知识点]:[词组固定搭配]adaptoneselftosth/doingsth

英译汉:Specialistsininterculturalstudies

say

thatitisnoteasytoadaptoneselftothelifeindifferentcultures.2.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).

[解题步骤]:

第一步:由that可以推出,划线处应该填写一个句子,时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。

第二步:划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”

核心谓语动词是“比…更有吸引力”,“没有什么”作主语,“读书”作宾语,“对我”作状语。

第三步:

(1).切块对应翻译:“比…更有吸引力”=bemoreattractivetosb.,“没有什么”=nothing,“读书”=reading,“对我”=for/tome。

(2).重新组合:nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading

[考察知识点]:[比较级]nothing+比较级=最高级;时态:因为从句叙述的是现在的事情,所以用一般现在时即可。

英译汉:SincemychildhoodIhavefound

thatnothingismoreattractivetomethanreading.

3.Thevictim(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.

[解题步骤]:

第一步:由if可以推出,划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整,并且主句形式、时态根据后面的ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime确定应该采取虚拟语气,是对过去的虚拟。

第二步:划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”

核心谓语动词是“本来有机会....”,“活下来”作宾语。

第三步:

(1).切块对应翻译:“本来有机会….”=wouldhaveachancetodosth.,“活下来”=survive

(2).重新组合:wouldhaveachancetosurvive.

[考察知识点]:[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气,从句用haddone,主句用wouldhavedone

有机会做某事:have/standachancetodosth/ofsth补充:虚拟语气的形式第一种:由“if”引导的虚拟句(1)

与现在的事实相反:If+were/did,+woulddo

IfIwereyou,Iwouldmarryhim.

(2)与过去的事实相反:If+haddone,+wouldhavedone

Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(3)与将来的事实可能相反:If+shoulddo,+woulddo

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

第二种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

从句谓语形式为:“(should)+dosth.”(在美语中should常省去)。

Themanagerdemandedthatallemployees(should)workhard.

(1)Inorder/tostudy/atEnglishDepartment,youhavetomeetthefollowingrequirements.(2)Inthefirstplace,youhavetospendalotoftimeonit,justastheoldsayinggoes,“Practicemakesperfect”.

(3)Inthesecondplace,thebasicskillsofreading,writing,listeningandspeaking

arenecessary,becausetheyarethefoundationsforyourfuturestudy.(4)Lastbutnottheleastimportant,youneedaninterestinlearningEnglish

since“interestisthebestteacher.”

汉语是世界主要语言之一,也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。一些老外说汉语难学,其实汉语语法是很简单的。汉语无时态变化,动词、形容词也无变化,语言简练,语速缓慢,是很容易学的一种语言。

◆汉语是世界主要语言之一,ChineseisoneofthelanguagesChineseisoneofthemainlanguagesintheworld◆它也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。

itisalanguage,too.(这门语言拥有)世界上最多的使用人数:Thelanguagehasthemostusersintheworld.→Anditisalanguagewhichhasthemostusersintheworld,too.◆一些老外说汉语难学,Someforeignerssay

学汉语是困难的:(that)itisdifficulttolearnChinese◆其实汉语语法是很简单的,Thegrammariseasy→Actually,thegrammarofChineseisreallyeasy.◆汉语无时态变化,动词、形容词也无变化→汉语无时态、动词、形容词变化Thereisnochange→Thereisnochangeintenses、verbsandadjectives/ofChinese.◆语言简练,语速缓慢,是很容易学的一种语言。(汉语的)语言是简练(的):ThesentencesofChinesearebrief(汉语的)语速是缓慢(的):anditsspeedisslowenough(因此汉语)是很容易学的一种语言:soitisalanguage

(这一种语言)是很容易学的:Thelanguageiseasytolearn.→ThesentencesofChinesearebriefanditsspeedisslowenough,soitisalanguagewhichiseasytolearn.◆语言简练,语速缓慢,是很容易学的一种语言。(汉语有)简练(的)语言(和)缓慢(的)语速:Chinesehasbriefsentencesandslowspeed,(因此它)是很容易学的一种语言:soitisveryeasytolearn.→Chinesehasbriefsentencesandslowspeed,soitisveryeasytolearn.

汉语是世界主要语言之一,也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。一些老外说汉语难学,其实汉语语法是很简单的。汉语无时态变化,动词、形容词也无变化,语言简练,语速缓慢,是很容易学的一种语言。

Chineseisoneofthemainlanguagesintheworld.Anditisalanguagewhichhasthemostusersintheworld,too.Someforeignerssay

thatitisdifficulttolearnChinese.Actually,thegrammarofChineseisreallyeasy.Thereisnochangeintenses、verbsandadjectives

ofChinese.ThesentencesofChinesearebriefanditsspeedisslowenough,soitisalanguagewhichiseasytolearn.

席卷全球的金融危机对2009年高校毕业生就业产生了极大影响。据统计,2009年全国高校毕业生将超过600万,这些高校学子的就业问题成为社会和学校关注的焦点。◆席卷全球的金融危机对2009年高校毕业生就业产生了极大影响。Thefinancialcrisishasmadeagreatimpactontheemploymentofcollegegraduatesin2009.(金融危机)席卷(了)全球:Thefinancialcrisissweptthewholeworld.→Thefinancialcrisis

whichsweptthewholeworldhasmadeagreatimpactontheemploymentofcollegegraduatesin2009.◆据统计,2

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