广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷（含答案）

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六七总分评分一、第一部分单项填空，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）1．TheInternetprovidesthestudentswitheasy____tosufficientresources,fromwhichtheycanalwaysfindwhattheyneed.A．security B．access C．contrast D．vision2．John____intheteachers'officewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.A．wasbeingcriticized B．wouldbecriticizedC．wascriticized D．isbeingcriticized3．____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A．It B．What C．As D．Which4．Thedesireofgoingabroadforfurthereducation____theyoungmantolearnEnglisheagerly.A．occupies B．promotes C．motivates D．approves5．Itisreported____thefloodhasinfluencedthelivesofover200residents.A．that B．whether C．if D．which6．—CanIpayavisittoyouthisFridayafternoon,manager?—Sorry,I____somebusinesspartnersfromHuaweiCompanythewholeafternoon.A．havemet B．havebeenmeetingC．willbemeeting D．willhavemet7．Werespectthepeoplewhohave____theconstructionofthecountry.A．leftanimpressionon B．devotedthemselvestoC．sunghighpraisefor D．hadasayon8．Wewillsparenoeffort____hardshipwemayencounterontheway.A．nomatterwhat B．nomatterhowC．nomatterwhen D．nomatterwhich9．Weshouldnevertake____forgrantedthatourparentsshouldsupportusfinanciallyforlife.A．them B．that C．it D．something10．IfImayreferbacktotheproblemwediscussed,Ithinkweshallstressonthe____ofournaturalresource.A．qualification B．conservation C．interaction D．intervention11．Heregularlydonates____sumsofmoneytolocalcharities.A．influential B．accessible C．varied D．substantial12．Itwasuntillateafternoon____hewasfiguringout____heconsideredwasawisewaytofightagainstit.A．when;what B．that;that C．that;what D．when;that13．Thedeadlyvirusthatinfectspigs____amajorconcernforresearchersuntilit____inChinain2018.A．hasnotbeenconsidered;appearedB．hadnotbeenconsidered;appearedC．wasnotconsidered;appearedD．hadnotbeenconsidered;appearing14．Thepresidenthassentamessageof____totherelativesofthedeadsoldiers.A．sympathy B．intention C．necessity D．commitment15．TheBeltandRoad____hasgreatlypromotedculturalexchangeaswellaseconomyoftheparticipatingcountries.A．Initiative B．Leadership C．Reconstruction D．Component16．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit____sowehadtogo.A．hadbeendecorated B．hasbeendecoratedC．wasbeingdecorated D．wasdecorated17．Astatuehasbeensetup____thefamousscientistwhoonceworkedinthisuniversity.A．inmemoryof B．inreturnforC．infrontof D．inlinewith18．Shoppingappshavemade____moreandmoreconvenientforpeopletodoshoppingonline.A．that B．their C．everybody D．it19．Beforethehurricaneapproachedthetown,theresidents____tostayathomeorreduceoutdooractivities.A．werewarning B．havewarnedC．warned D．hadbeenwarned20．WhenIwentintotheiroffice,aheateddiscussion____there.A．isheld B．washeldC．isbeingheld D．wasbeingheld二、第二部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解AdvanceAfricaVolunteersinKenyaoffersopportunitiestointernationalvolunteersinschools,hospitalsandcommunitymedicalclinics.KenyaVolunteerProgramScheduleYoucanvolunteerforanydurationandstayaslongasyouwish.Youcanarriveatanytimeduringthemonthandthevolunteerworkstartsthefollowingday.Youwilltypicallyworkbetween9a.m.and4p.m.MondaytoFriday.Youwillspendyoursparetimeshopping,eatingout,seeingmovies,chattingwithothervolunteersorswimming.KenyaVolunteerProgramisopento:Weinviteindividuals,couples,families,students,researchers,andgroups(churches,colleges,andstudentassociations).VolunteeringinKenyaCostsCostfor2weeksorless$500.00Costfor1month$70000Costfor6weeks$900.00Costfor2months$1,100.00$200moreforeveryextratwoweeks.Norefunds(退款)willbepaidtoanyvolunteerwhohasarrivedinthecountryandstartedontheirprogramduetoprogramchange,earlydeparturesetc.OurVolunteerinKenyaProgramOffersWehavevolunteersallyearround.Thisgivesyouplentyofcompanytoenjoyexcitingtraveladventures.Someofourvolunteertravelprojectsdonotrequirespecificskills.Everyonecanparticipateregardlessofageorgender.Otherprojectsrequireparticularskills,educationorinterest.ThevolunteerinKenyaprogramfeecoverscommunication,airportpick-up,localsupport,in-countryorientation,training,accommodationandtwomealsperday(threemealsovertheweekendsifyouareattheprovidedaccommodation).ThevolunteerinKenyacostsyouneedtomeetare:yourflighttoandfromthecountry,visafees,workpermits,travelinsurance,in-countrytransportandreturntriptotheairport.TypicalLivingArrangements:AdvanceAfricaVolunteers'houseandhome-stays.21．WhatcanweknowaboutKenyaVolunteerProgram?A．Ithasflexibleschedule. B．Itistargetedattheyouth.C．Itoffershotelaccommodation. D．Itneedspreviousexperience.22．Whatarethefeesfor10-weekvolunteering?A．$800.00. B．$1,000.00.C．$1,100.00. D．$1.300.00.23．WhatdoesKenyaVolunteerProgramoffer?A．Travelinsurance. B．Freetransport.C．Airportpick-upservice. D．Financialsupport.阅读理解GrowingupinCanterbury,Scartozzirecallsswimminginriversaspartofherchildhood.Whenshereturnedmanyyearslater,however,shenoticedthingshadchanged."SomeoftheplaceswhereIcouldswimbeforenowhavesignssaying‘pollutedwater,donotswim',"shesays."Iwantedtotakemykidstoplacestoswimbutwecouldn'tbecausethesesignswereup."Althoughtheexperiencewassadandsurprising,ithasalsoservedasfuelforScartozzi,who'snowfocusingonrestoringthehealthofwaterways.HercompanycalledeCleanEnvirotechisdevelopingtechnologytoremovepollutantsfromwaterwayssuchasrivers,pondsandstreams.Itinvolvesfeedingpollutedwaterintoasystemhousingmicrobes(微生物)thateatorbreakupthepollutants.The"engineered"natureofthetechnology,Scartozziexplains,meansit'sadaptablefordifferentenvironmentconditions.Eachsystemcanbepersonalizedwithitsownunique"soup"ofmicrobestoremovethepollutantsinanywaterwaywhereitisinstalled(安装).Otheradvantagesofthetechnology,shesays,arethatitcanprocesswaterrelativelyquicklyandthatitcanbeusedtotreatwaterwaysinavarietyofsizesandlocations.Shesaysshehopestocreatecleanerwaterforthebenefitoffuturegenerations."Mypassionisaroundrestoringthehealthofthesewaterways.AndmypurposeistodoanythingthatIcantoreturnthemtotheirformercondition.That'swhatdrivesmeeveryday.IfIcandoanything,itissothatinthefuture,mykidsandgrandchildrenhavesomewherewheretheycangoswimmingandfishing."24．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Scartozziandherkidswerefondofswimming.B．TheexperienceinspiredScartozzitocleanupwaterways.C．Waterwaysintheworldwereunsuitableforswimming.D．Thecompanyfocusesonthedevelopmentofthetechnology.25．Whatisoneadvantageofthetechnology?A．Itisconvenientandeconomic.B．Itcanbeusedinlimitedwaterways.C．Itfunctionsslowlybuteffectively.D．Itssystemisflexibleandefficient.26．WhatisthegoalofScartozzi?A．Tointroducehercompany.B．Toswimandfishintheriver.C．Toregainhealthywaterways.D．Toeducatefuturegenerations.27．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeScartozzi?A．Energetic B．Curious. C．Outgoing. D．Responsible.阅读理解Usingneedlestodeliverdrugshasbeencommonformorethanacentury.Thepasthundredyearshaveseenallmannerofmedicaladvances,fromlife-savingmedicineandX-raystomRNAvaccinesandspecialcancertreatments.Yettheneedlehasstayedmostlyunchanged.Althoughnowavailableinavarietyofdifferentsizes,itremainsahollow(havingaholeoremptyspaceinside),pointytube.Withluck,thatmaysoonchange.AsYichiMa,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleaguesoutlineinareviewpaper,researchersaroundtheworldarelookingforwaystoeasethepainwhenneedlesgointotheskin.Manyhavebeeninspiredbynature.Theteamgottheirideafrommosquitoes,whichmanagetogettheirbloodmealswithoutcausinggreatpaintopeople.Onereasonisthattheinsectsusepainkillingchemicalswhentheyfirstpuncture(刺穿)theskin.Butthereisanotherreason.Thepointofamosquito'ssaw-likeproboscis(锯齿状的喙)issofteratitstip.Theinsectmakestheskinofitstargettightbeforebiting,andshakesitsproboscisasitpushestheproboscisin.Allofthishelpsreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.Onepaper,publishedin2020byagroupofresearchersinAmericaandChina,foundthatamosquito-inspiredneedlerequired27%lesspuncturingforcethananordinaryone.Andlessforcemeanslesspain.Mosquito-inspiredneedlesmightalsobeusefulfordelicateproceduressuchasbiopsies(theexaminationoftissuetakenfromalivingbody).ApaperfromtheUniversityofMichigan,alsopublishedin2020,foundthatscientistscouldimprovebiopsiesoftissueinsomebodyorgans.Thelowerforceledtolessmovementoftheorganitself,ensuringthattheneedleswereguidedaccuratelytotheareathatneededsampling.Fornow,suchdevicesremainlimitedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtoWHO,around16billioninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursayingtheysufferfromafearofneedles,thesavingsonstickersandsweetsforthebravesoulswhorolluptheirsleeveswouldbeconsiderable.28．WhatcanweinferaboutneedlesfromParagraph1?A．Theirimportancehasbeenignoredforlong.B．Theyfallbehindothermedicalinnovations.C．Theirsizeremainsthesameforoveracentury.D．Theyhadapoorsourceofsupplyfordecades.29．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thesourceofscientists'inspiration.B．Thechemicalcompoundsfoundinmosquitoes.C．Theuniquestructureofamosquito'sproboscis.D．Theharmfuleffectsofmosquitobitesonhumans.30．Whydidtheauthormentionthefiguresinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowpeople'sanxietyaboutinjections.B．Tohighlightthelimitationsofcurrentneedledesigns.C．Todrawattentiontothedangersoftoomanyinjections.D．Toemphasizethepotentialdemandforimprovedneedles.31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLimitationsofCurrentNeedleDesignsB．TheRoleofNeedlesinTraditionalChineseMedicineC．EnhancingNeedleTechnology:LessonsfromMosquitoesD．TheImpactofNeedleInnovationonMedicalAdvancements阅读理解Startinginthemid-2010s,thesuccessofstreamingserviceslikeSpotify,TencentandAppleMusicledthemusicindustryintoaperiodofsteadyincomegrowth.Buttheriseofstreaminghasn'tjusttransformedthebusinessofmusic;ithaschangedthemusicaswell.In1972,theTemptationshitnumberoneontheBillboardHot100charts,winningthreeGrammys,withaseven-minuteversionofthesong"PapaWasaRollin'Stone".BeforetheTemptationssingaword,aninstrumentalintroductionplaysformorethanfourminutes.Ifthegroupwereinthestudiotoday,thetitlechorus(副歌)wouldmostlikelyhavebeenfeaturedmuchearlierinthesong.That'sbecausemusicstreamingservicespayartistsbasedonthenumberofplayseachmonth,andtocountasaplay,ausermustlistentothesongpastthe30-secondmark.Ifasongyou'veneverheardbeforetakesalongtimetogettothehook(旋律最好的部分),thereisagoodchancethatyoumaysimplyhitthebuttontogotothenextsong.Tokeepthe"skiprate(跳过率)"aslowaspossible,musicalartistsareincreasinglymovingasong'shooktothatinitial30-secondsweetspot.Everytrackthatislistenedtoformorethan30secondscountsasaplay,butwhetheralistenermakesitallthewaythroughasonghelpstodeterminewhetherastreamingservicelikeSpotifywillrecommendsimilarsongsinthefuture.Foramusician,gettingasongonSpotify'spopularToday'sTopHitsplaylistmeansrealmoney.AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheEuropeanJointResearchCentrefoundthatsongsonthelistgainedanaverageof20millionstreams,worthupto$163,000inroyalties(版税).Asaresult,accordingtoananalysisbybloggerMichaelTauberg,theaveragelengthofhitsongshasdroppedbymorethan30secondssince2000,whenitwasoverfourminutes.Nearlytwo-thirdsofthesongsthatachievedthenumberonespotinthefirsthalfof2021wereunderthreeminuteslong.32．WhyistheTemptationsmentionedinparagraph2?A．Toexplainwhatmadeasongspecialinthepast.B．Toshowadmirationfortheirmusicalachievements.C．Toillustratethestructureofpopularsongsinthepast.D．Tointroducethechangesinsongstructurebroughtaboutbystreaming.33．Whatistheresultofasongtakingalongtimetogettothehook?A．Theartistswillreceivehigherroyalties.B．Thelistenersaremorelikelytoskipit.C．Itwillberecommendedtomoreusers.D．Itwillbemorepopularamonglisteners.34．Whatcontributestothedecreasingaveragelengthofhitsongs?A．Advanceinmusicproductiontechnology.B．Thechangeinlisteners'musicalpreference.C．Thedesireforhigherstreaming-basedincome.D．Increasedcompetitionamongstreamingplatforms.35．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Howstreamingchangesthelengthofmusic.B．Howstreamingservicesproducehitsongs.C．Howstreamingpromotesthedevelopmentofmusic.D．Howstreaminginfluencesourpreferenceformusic.三、第二部分阅读，第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouthinkyou'reapessimistandthere'snohopeofeverturningitaround,thenthinkagain!Accordingtomentalhealthexperts,itisactuallyverypossibletoturnintoaglass-half-fullkindofperson,andhere'swhatyoucandotoseethingsinabrighterlight.36．Writingdownyourideasofanoptimistictomorrowwillmakeahugedifferencewhenitcomestoyouroverallattitudetolife.Youmayalsowanttoconsideraseriouschallengeyouhaveinliferightnow,andsimplysitbackandthinkaboutallofthepossiblepositiveoutcomes.Choosetobeoptimistic.Lifeisallaboutchoices.Youcanchoosetospendtheentiredayreadingorcleaning.Youcanmakethecallyou'vebeenthinkingaboutforawhileoryoucanputitoffforanotherday.What'smore,youcanalsochoosetobepositiveoryoucanchoosetosimplycarryonlivingasyouare.37．Andthencarryonthatwayfortherestofyourlife.Extendpositivenesstoothers.Makingothersfeelgoodaboutthemselvescanhavelastingpositiveeffectsonyourownlife.Neverforgettoadmireyourfamily,friends,andcolleaguesforthegoodthingswhichtheyaredoingintheirlives,eveniftheydon'tdirectlyaffectyou.38．Recognizeyournegativethoughtpatterns.It'sfinetoacknowledgethatbadthingsinlifemighthappenatanytime.39．Yetbeingoverlynegativecanseriouslyruinyourchancesoffindinghappinessinhislife.Reframingyourawkwardlynegativethoughtsintomorerealisticpatternsmaybethekeytohelpingyoumaintainoptimism.Practicegratitude.Spendsometimethinkingaboutallofthethingsyouhavetobethankfulfor.40．Youcouldevenchoosetokeepdiaries,whereyoucanputdownanythingwhichmakesyousmile.Ifnothingelse,takeamomenteveryonceinawhiletostop,smileandbethankfulforthepositivethingsinlife.A.Imagineapositivefuture.B.Formthehabitofkeepingdiaries.C.Ofcourse,it'salsonecessarytopraiseyourself.D.Ignoringrealityisn'tthemosthelpfulmethodeither.E.Beingoptimisticstartswiththedecisiontobepositive.F.Itwilloftenprovideyouwithaninstantoptimismboost.G.Takeamomenttoworkouthowrealisticyourthoughtsreallyare.四、第三部分语言运用，第一节完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Icanrememberthefirsttimeithappened.Classwasgettingoutofhand.Ourteacher,afterquietingussixtimesasshetriedtokeepour41．onthetaskathand,finallygaveupandinformedwecouldtakearest.Instantly,theclassroomeruptedwithstudents42．theirseats,laughingandtalking.Andthentherewasme.Isat43．inmychair.Ifinishedtheactivityandthenworkedonaproject,completelycontent.Ididn'tassociatewhatIwasdoingwith44．behavior;Ijusthadnodesiretobeloudandcrazy.Asparentsstartedtoarrive,ourteacher.45．thechatteringchildrenwithahalf-heartedsmile.Butwhenmymother46．,shecommented,"Yourdaughterissuchanicegirlinclass.She'sa47．."Andthereitwas:myfirst"nice".WhetherornotIknewit,a48．hadbeensetformyfuturebehavior,thoughmyteacherprobablydidn'tmeanit.Asyearspassed,Ibecame49．intheartofnice.ButasmuchasIlovedpraise,Iwastoo50．todarebeanythingbutnice.PeoplerarelyseetheRealMe,becausetheRealMeis51．.Shedoesn'tcleanherroomasoftenassheshould.She's52．atmakingdecisions.NicebecameashelterI53．myrealfeelings."It'slikelivinga.54．life,"Ithought.Iam55．withbeingnice.Iwanttobethebestofmyself,notthenicest.41．A．sight B．focus C．spirit D．preference42．A．moving B．changing C．adjusting D．leaving43．A．excitedly B．hopelessly C．quietly D．nervously44．A．positive B．normal C．complex D．strange45．A．pickedout B．handedoverC．showedoff D．droveaway46．A．arrived B．demanded C．followed D．insisted47．A．treasure B．legend C．star D．champion48．A．plan B．style C．standard D．goal49．A．poorly-adapted B．well-trainedC．annoyed D．confused50．A．active B．honest C．eager D．scared51．A．shy B．perfect C．messy D．unique52．A．terrible B．quick C．wise D．careful53．A．managed B．shared C．expressed D．hid54．A．simple B．comfortable C．double D．busy55．A．familiar B．tired C．confident D．pleased五、第三部分语言运用，第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThecraftofShaoLujie,a28-year-oldChinesecraftsmanfromJinhua,ZhejiangProvince,isknown56．quilling—aformofartthatinvolvestheuseofpaperstrips(纸条)thatarerolled,shapedandgluedtogethertoformcomplexdesigns.Shao'sworksmainlyfeatureflowersandotherplants.Hecreatedmultipleworksforthe19thAsianGames,featuringtheevent'sthreemascots(吉祥物)andlogo.Inthepastfewyears,Shao57．(develop)culturalandcreativeproductswithlocalcharacteristics.Hisanother58．(improve)isthattechniquesandequipmenthavebeensimplified,makingiteasierforpeopletotry.Sincechildhood,Shaohasenjoyedpaintingandhandicrafts.Havingfinishedthelearningofquillingin2016from59．masteroftheart,Shaobegantodevotehimself60．(entire)tothecraft.Later,byimitatingtheworksofhisinstructors,helearnedhow61．(apply)newmethodstohisownworks,combiningthispaperarthandicraftwithpaintinganddifferentdesignelements.Inanage62．AI-generatedartworksareenteringtheartmarket,Shaostillstickstothisancientcraft.Everystep—weaving,cutting,rubbing,folding,andpressing—63．(do)byhand.Togetyoungstersinterestedinthecraft,Shaohasgoneonline,sharingarticles64．(write)byhimselfandpostingpicturesofhislatestworks.Shaoisconsidering65．(open)anexhibitionhallsothatmorepeoplecanlearnaboutthiscraftand,ideally,passitdown,tofuturegenerations.六、第三部分语言运用，第三节单词（词组）填空在下列句子中，根据句意或中文提示，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空一词，请把完整单词填在答题卡上。（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）66．It's(合法的)toturnrightataredlightinmoststates.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)67．Nowwemakea(n)(结论)thatwateristhemostimportantthinginourlives.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)68．Theaimoftheactivityistoencourageteenagerstothinkmore(客观地)aboutmoneyandthethingsthatitcando.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)69．Socialrobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmore(appropriate)totheuser.(所给词的适当形式填空)70．Toomuchuseofmobilephonesmaytransmitharmfulradiationintoourbrains,a(n)(后果)wedonotliketothinkabout.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)71．Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainedalotofnewmedical(equip),allowingmorepatientstobetreated.(所给词的适当形式填空)72．Frankputthemedicineinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbe(access)tothekids.(所给词的适当形式填空)73．Weshoulddrawupa(n)(现实的)planforfacinganotherenergycrisis.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)74．Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighly(infect).(所给词的适当形式填空)75．Thegovernmentannouncedits(intend)tocreate50,000jobsbytheendoftheyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)76．Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewas(失控).(根据汉语提示补全句子)77．Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolutiontotheproblem,but(徒劳的).78．Abunchofuskidswouldfrequently(顺便拜访)thestoreafterschool.(根据汉语提示完成句子)79．(与……相比)hiswife,Bushhaslittledesireforforeigntravel.(根据汉语提示完成句子)80．Asadoctor,youoftenneedto(把……搁置一边)yourpersonalfeelings.(根据汉语提示完成句子)七、第四部分作文（满分15分）81．假定你是李华，最近你和你的父母在选择未来职业方面有了分歧。为此你打算给曾经的外教，来自英国的Mr.Smith，写封电子邮件求助，内容包括：1.问候Mr.Smith；2.你希望成为野生动植物摄影师及原因；3.父母反对的原因（至少两点）；4.咨询Mr.Smith如何说服父母尊重你的理想。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：野生动植物摄影师wildlifephotographerDearMr.Smith,Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分1．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：互联网为学生提供了获取充足资源的便利，他们总能从中找到他们需要的东西。A.security"安全"；B.access"（使用或见到的）机会，权利"；C.contrast"差异，对比"；D.vision"前景"。根据"tosufficientresources,fromwhichtheycanalwaysfindwhattheyneed"可知，此处是指互联网为学生提供了获取充足资源的便利。故选B。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分security；access；contrast和vision的含义。2．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：约翰正在教师办公室里受到批评，这时有人敲门。此处为句型sb.bedoingsth.when...，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文knocked可知为过去进行时的被动语态。故选A。

【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去进行时的被动语态。3．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：众所周知，2008年奥运会将在北京举行。isknowntousall是主语从句，句中缺少主语，指事情应用what，位于句首，首字母大写，故选B。

【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句，4．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：出国深造的愿望激励这个年轻人急切地学习英语。A.occupies"占据"；B.promotes"促进"；C.motivates"激励"；D.approves"赞成"。根据"Thedesireofgoingabroadforfurthereducation"可知，出国深造的愿望会激励这个年轻人急切地学习英语。故选C。

【点评】考查动词词义辨析，区分occupy；promote；motivate和approve的含义。5．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：据报道，洪水影响了200多名居民的生活。此处是固定句式Itisreportedthat...表"据报道"，it作形式主语，that之后的从句为真正主语。故选A。

【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句。6．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——经理，这个星期五下午我可以去拜访您吗？——抱歉，我整个下午都要会见华为公司的一些商业伙伴。根据时间状语thisFridayafternoon和thewholeafternoon可知，表示将来某一时间段正在做某事，所以用将来进行时。故选C。

【点评】考查时态，本题涉及将来进行时。7．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：我们尊敬为建设祖国而献身的人们。A.leftanimpressionon"给……留下深刻印象"；B.devotedthemselvesto"致力于，献身于"；C.sunghighpraisefor"高度赞扬"；D.hadasayon"对……有发言权"。根据空前的"respect"以及空后的"theconstructionofthecountry."可知，此处指"我们尊敬为建设祖国而献身的人们"，devotedthemselvesto符合题意。故选B。

【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分leaveanimpressionon；devoteoneselfto；singhighpraisefor和haveasayon的含义。8．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：不管路上会遇到什么困难，我们都会全力以赴。A.nomatterwhat"无论什么"；B.nomatterhow"无论怎样"；C.nomatterwhen"无论何时"；D.nomatterwhich"无论哪一个"。结合空后的"hardshipwemayencounterontheway"可知，此处指"不管路上会遇到什么困难"，用nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句。故选A。

【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及nomatterwhat引导的状语从句。9．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我们不应该理所当然地认为父母应该在经济上支持我们的生活。A.them他们；B.that那个；C.it它；D.something某事。此处表示"理所当然地认为……"，应用短语takeitforgrantedthat…，其中it作形式宾语，that引导从句作真正的宾语。故选C。

【点评】考查代词，本题涉及it作形式宾语。10．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：如果我可以回顾一下我们讨论过的问题，我认为我们应该强调保护我们的自然资源。A.qualification"资格"；B.conservation"保护"；C.interaction"互动"；D.intervention"干预"。根据后文"ofournaturalresource"以及常识可知，自然资源应该是强调要保护。故选B。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分qualification；conservation；interaction和intervention的含义。11．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：他定期向当地慈善机构捐赠大笔款项。A.influential"有影响力的"；B.accessible"可到达的"；C.varied"各种各样的"；D.substantial"大量的"。根据后文"sumsofmoneytolocalcharities"指向当地慈善机构捐赠大笔款项，应用形容词substantial。故选D。

【点评】考查形容词词义辨析，本题涉及influential；accessible；varied和substantial的含义。12．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：直到下午晚些时候他才意识到他想到的是解决问题的正确的方法。第一空是强调until引导的时间状语从句的强调句，构成itisuntil···that"直到……才"，第二空后______hethought是主语从句，从句缺少宾语，且意为"……的事情"，应用连接代词what引导。故选C。

【点评】考查强调句和名词性从句，掌握强调句的基本结构以及what引导的宾语从句。13．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：这种感染猪的致命病毒在2018年出现在中国之前，并没有被研究人员视为一个主要问题。根据时间状语in2018可知，从句用一般过去时。主句动作consider发生在从句过去动作appeared之前，所以用过去完成时。主语Thedeadlyvirus与consider之间为被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。

【点评】考查时态、语态，本题涉及一般过去时和过去完成时的被动语态。14．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：总统已向阵亡士兵的亲属发去慰问信。A.sympathy"同情"；B.intention"意图，打算"；C.necessity"需要，必需品"；D.commitment"承诺"。根据"thedeadsoldiers"可知，此处指"总统已向阵亡士兵的亲属发去慰问信"，故选A。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分sympathy；intention；necessity和commitment的含义。15．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意："一带一路"倡议极大地促进了沿线国家的文化交流和经济发展。A.Initiative"倡议"；B.Leadership"领导"；C.Reconstruction"重建"；D.Component"成分，部件"。根据空前的"TheBeltandRoad"可知，此处指"一带一路"倡议，故选A。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分initiative；leadership；reconstruction和component的含义以及固定短语theBeltandRoad。16．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，却被告知阅览室正在装修，所以我们不得不走。根据"sowehadtogo"可知，此处是指阅览室正在装修，所以应用过去进行时。动词decorate意为"装修"，和主语构成被动语态。因此应用过去进行时的被动语态，故选C。

【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去进行时的被动语态。17．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：为了纪念曾经在这所大学工作过的著名科学家，人们立了一座雕像。A.inmemoryof"为纪念……"；B.inreturnfor"作为……的报酬"；C.infrontof"在……前面"；D.inlinewith"与……一致"。根据"Astatuehasbeensetup"可知，建立雕像是为了纪念在这所大学工作过的著名科学家。故选A。

【点评】考查介词短语词义辨析，区分inmemoryof；inreturnfor；infrontof和inlinewith的含义。18．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：购物app让人们在网上购物变得越来越方便。make后接复合宾语，makeit+adj.+todo"使得做某事……"为固定句型，it是形式宾语，todo是真正的宾语。故选D。

【点评】考查代词，本题涉及it的用法。19．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：在飓风逼近小镇之前，居民们被警告呆在家里或减少户外活动。根据关键词before，可以推断出前后的时态存在动作的先后顺序，从句的时态为一般过去时，则主句的时态为过去完成时，residents和warn之间是被动关系，用被动语态。因此应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选D。

【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去完成时的被动语态。20．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：当我走进他们的办公室时，那里正在举行一场热烈的讨论。此处是谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词went可知，该句应使用过去时态，结合句意可知，"wentintotheiroffice"与"holdaheateddiscussion"同时进行，所以此处应使用过去进行时，句子hold与主语aheateddiscussion之间为被动关系，所以使用过去进行时态的被动语态，即was/werebeingheld，且句子主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为wasbeingheld。故选D。

【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及过去进行时的被动语态。【答案】21．A22．D23．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在肯尼亚的志愿者项目，包括费用、安排以及住宿等。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。21．考查细节理解。根据KenyaVolunteerPro-gramSchedule部分中的"Youcanvolunteerforanydurationandstayaslongasyouwish.Youcanarriveatanytimeduringthemonthandthevolunteerworkstartsthefollowingday."你可以做任何志愿者，想待多久就待多久。你可以在这个月的任何时间到达，志愿者工作第二天就开始了。可知，志愿者项目的时间安排非常灵活。故选A。22．考查数字计算。根据VolunteeringinKenyaCosts部分中的"Costfor2months$1,100.00"2个月费用$1100.00；以及"200moreforeveryextratwoweeks."每多两周就多200。可知，每多两周费用将增加200美元，因此$1,100.00+$