《计算机专业英语（第3版）》 教案 张强华 u6 Networking Devices-u12 AI

《计算机专业英语》《计算机专业英语（第3版）》电子教案任课部门：_____________任课教师：_____________教学班级：_____________

教学目标通过对专业英语的学习，掌握相关的英语词汇，具有阅读专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟通。教学重点1）学习计算机专业核心词汇；2）掌握阅读技巧；3）具备一定的计算机专业翻译能力教学方法综合使用讲授法、讨论法、练习法、读书指导法以及任务驱动法。教学过程课文概述2）词汇学习（详见教学内容）3）Notes（详见教学内容）4）课文讲解5）作业6）教学扩展作业【Ex1.】、【Ex2.】和【Ex3.】为必做题，【Ex4.】为选做题。学习在线资源扫码课文旁的二维码，听课文教学扩展1）WordBuilding2）CareerTraining3）软件水平考试试题解析

Unit6教学内容TextA课文概述Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofvariousnetworkingdevices,includinghubs,switches,bridges,routers,brouters,andgateways.Hubsareusedinstartopologynetworkstoconsolidatethecablefromallnetworkdevices.Theyarebasicdevicesthatamplifyandtransmitsignalstoallconnecteddevices.Ethernethubsaremultiportrepeatersthatenableasharedmediumfornetworkdevices.SwitchesareintelligenthubsthatreadtheMACaddressofeachframetheyreceiveandonlytransmittheframetotheintendeddestinationdevice.Theyoperateatthephysicalanddatalinklayersandimprovenetworkperformancebyreducingcongestion.Bridgesareusedtojoinordividenetworksegmentsandcanconnectnetworkswithdifferentspeeds,topologies,orprotocols.TheyoperateatthephysicalandMACsublayerofthedatalinklayerandreadtheMACheadertodeterminethedestinationdevice.Routersextendorsegmentnetworksbyforwardingpacketsbetweenlogicalnetworks.Theyoperateatthenetworklayeranduseroutingtablestodeterminethebestpathforpackettransmission.RoutersareusedinlargeinternetworksandconnecthostsandLANstotheinternet.Broutersareacombinationofroutersandbridges,capableofhandlingbothbridgedandroutedtraffic.Theytransmitbridgedtrafficbasedonphysicaladdressesandroutedtrafficbasedonlogicaladdresses.Gatewaysaredevicesusedtoconnectnetworksthatusedifferentprotocols.Theyoperateatthenetworklayerandreceivedatafromoneprotocolstack,removeit,andrepackageitwiththeprotocolstackusedbythedestinationnetwork.Understandingthesenetworkingdevicesisessentialfordesigningandmanagingnetworkseffectively.Eachdeviceservesaspecificpurposeandcontributestothesmoothoperationofcomputernetworks.TextA重点单词讲解concentrator(n.):adeviceorcomponentthatcollects,combines,ormergesmultipledataorcommunicationsignalsintoasingleoutpute.g.Thenetworkconcentratorallowsmultipledevicestoconnecttoacentralnetwork.default(n.):apre-selectedorpredeterminedvalue,setting,oroptionusedwhennoalternativeisspecifiede.g.Thedefaultfontsizeinthewordprocessoris12point.gateway(n.):anetworkdeviceorsoftwarethatservesasaconnectionpointbetweendifferentnetworks,allowingdatatoflowbetweentheme.g.Therouteractsasagatewaybetweenthelocalareanetworkandtheinternet.protocol(n.):asetofrulesandconventionsthatgovernthecommunicationandexchangeofdatabetweendevicesorsystemse.g.TheHTTPprotocolisusedfortransmittingwebpagesanddataovertheinternet.repeater(n.):adevicethatreceives,amplifies,andretransmitssignalstoextendtheirreachandimprovetheirqualityinanetworke.g.Therepeaterbooststheweaksignaltoensuresmoothtransmissionbetweendevices.router(n.):anetworkdevicethatforwardsdatapacketsbetweendifferentnetworks,makingroutingdecisionsbasedonnetworkaddressese.g.Therouterconnectsthelocalnetworktotheinternetanddirectstrafficbetweenthem.switch(n.):anetworkdevicethatconnectsmultipledevicesonalocalareanetwork(LAN),enablingcommunicationbetweentheme.g.Theswitchallowscomputersandotherdevicestoconnectandcommunicatewithinthenetwork.TextA重点词组讲解fiberoptic:atypeofcableortransmissionmediumthatusesglassorplasticthreadstotransmitdataaspulsesoflighte.g.Fiberopticcablesareusedforlong-distanceandhigh-speeddatatransmission.logicalbustopology:anetworkarchitectureorconfigurationwheremultipledevicesareconnectedtoacommoncommunicationpathway,calledabuse.g.Inalogicalbustopology,dataistransmittedsequentiallyfromonedevicetoanotheronthebus.meshtopology:anetworkarchitectureorconfigurationwheredevicesareconnectedtoeachotherinadecentralizedmanner,forminganetworkofinterconnectednodese.g.Inameshtopology,datacantakemultiplepathstoreachitsdestination,ensuringredundancyandfaulttolerance.networklayer:thelayerorlevelinanetworkprotocolstackthatisresponsiblefortheroutingandforwardingofdatapacketsbetweendifferentnetworkse.g.ThenetworklayeroftheTCP/IPprotocolstackensuresthedeliveryofdataacrossmultiplenetworks.routingtable:adatastructureortableusedbyaroutertodeterminetheappropriatepathornexthopforforwardingdatapacketse.g.Theroutingtablecontainsinformationaboutnetworkaddressesandassociatedroutesforefficientpacketrouting.tokenringnetwork:alocalareanetwork(LAN)topologywheredevicesareconnectedinaringconfiguration,anddataispassedsequentiallyfromonedevicetoanotherusingatokene.g.Inatokenringnetwork,atokenispassedaroundtheringtocontrolaccessandpreventdatacollisions.twistedpair:atypeofcableusedfortransmittingdata,consistingoftwoinsulatedcopperwirestwistedtogethertoreduceelectromagneticinterferencee.g.TwistedpaircablesarecommonlyusedforEthernetnetworkconnections.TextA重点缩写讲解UTP(UnshieldedTwistedPair):atypeofnetworkcablingconsistingofpairsoftwistedcopperwires,commonlyusedforEthernetconnectionse.g.TheUTPcableprovidesreliabledatatransmissioninlocalareanetworks.TextA课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextANotes详见课本TextB概述Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofvariousnetworkingdevices,includingNICs(NetworkInterfaceCards),ISDNadapters,wirelessaccesspoints(WAPs),transceivers,andfirewalls.NICsarehardwarecardsinstalledincomputerstoenablecommunicationonanetwork.Theyprovideportsfornetworkcableconnectionsandtransmitandreceivedataonthenetwork.WirelessLANcardsareNICsdesignedforwirelessnetworks,allowingwirelesscommunicationbetweendevices.ISDNadaptersareusedtosendvoice,data,audio,orvideooverstandardtelephonecabling.Theyconnecttodigitaltelephonenetworksandprovidedatathroughputratesrangingfrom56Kbpsto1.544Mbps.WAPsactaswirelesshubs,linkingmultiplewirelessNICsintoasinglesubnet.Theybroadcastandreceivesignalsbetweenwirelessdevicesandthecablednetwork,bridgingthewirelessnetworktoawiredEthernetnetwork.Transceivers,alsoknownasmediaconverters,transmitandreceiveanalogordigitalsignals.InEthernetnetworks,theyarecalledMediumAccessUnits(MAUs)andinterconnectdifferentcabletypeswithinanetwork.Mediaconvertersareusedtoconnectdifferentcabletypes,suchastwistedpair,fiber,andcoax,andcanincreasecablingdistancesandenhanceimmunitytoelectromagneticinterference.Firewallsaredevicesthatcontroltrafficbetweendifferentzonesoftrustinanetwork.Theyenforcesecuritypoliciesandconnectivitymodelsbasedontheleastprivilegeprinciple.Firewallscanbeimplementedassoftwareapplicationsonasinglecomputer,knownaspersonalfirewalls,orasdedicatednetworkdevicespositionedontheboundaryofnetworks,knownasnetworkfirewalls.Theycanfiltertrafficatthenetworkorapplicationlayerandcanbestatefulorstateless,dependingonwhethertheytrackpacketstates.Understandingthesenetworkingdevicesiscrucialforbuildingandsecuringcomputernetworkseffectively.Eachdeviceplaysaspecificroleinenablingcommunicationandensuringnetworksecurity.TextB重点单词讲解bit(n.):thesmallestunitofcomputerinformation,representingeithera0or1inbinarynotatione.g.Abyteconsistsofeightbits,whichcanrepresentupto256differentvalues.buffer(n.):anareaofcomputermemoryusedtotemporarilyholddatawhileitisbeingtransferredorprocessede.g.Thebufferstoresincomingdatauntilitcanbeprocessedbytheprogram.driver(n.):asoftwareprogramormodulethatallowsacomputeroroperatingsystemtocommunicatewithandcontrolaspecifichardwaredevicee.g.Theprinterdriverenablesthecomputertosendprintrequeststotheprinter.firewall(n.):asecuritydeviceorsoftwarethatmonitorsandfiltersnetworktraffic,protectingacomputerornetworkfromunauthorizedaccessorthreatse.g.Thefirewallblocksincomingconnectionsfromunknownsources,ensuringnetworksecurity.TextB重点词组讲解analogsignal:acontinuoussignalthatrepresentsinformationasacontinuouslyvaryingphysicalquantity,suchasvoltageorsoundwavese.g.Theanalogsignalisconvertedtodigitalformatforprocessingbyacomputer.parallelport:atypeofinterfaceonacomputerthatallowsforthesimultaneoustransmissionofmultiplebitsofdatae.g.Theparallelportiscommonlyusedforconnectingprintersandotherexternaldevices.transportlayer:thelayerorlevelinanetworkprotocolstackthatprovidesend-to-endcommunicationservicesandensuresreliabledatadeliverybetweennetworkhostse.g.ThetransportlayeroftheTCP/IPprotocolstackincludesprotocolssuchasTCP(TransmissionControlProtocol).TextB重点缩写讲解ATM(AsynchronousTransferMode):anetworkingtechnologythatusesfixed-lengthpacketscalledcellstotransmitdataovernetworkse.g.ATMisusedintelecommunicationsnetworkstotransmitvoice,video,anddatasignals.EMI(ElectroMagneticInterference):interferenceordisruptionscausedbyelectromagneticradiationorelectromagneticfieldsonelectronicdevicese.g.TheshieldingprotectsthesensitiveelectroniccomponentsfromEMI,ensuringproperfunctioning.ISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork):atelecommunicationsnetworkthatprovidesdigitalvoice,video,anddataservicesovertraditionalcopperwirese.g.ISDNoffersfasterdatatransmissionratesandimprovedvoicequalitycomparedtoanalogphonelines.NIC(NetworkInterfaceCard):ahardwarecomponentthatallowsacomputertoconnecttoanetwork,providingnetworkcommunicationcapabilitiese.g.TheNICenablesthecomputertoconnecttotheinternetandaccessnetworkresources.WAP(WirelessAccessPoint):adevicethatallowswirelessdevicestoconnecttoawirednetworkoraccesstheinternetwirelesslye.g.TheWAPprovidesWi-Ficonnectivityintheoffice,allowingemployeestoconnecttheirdevicestothenetwork.TextB课文讲解及翻译详见PPTWordBuilding详见课本CareerTraining详见课本

Unit7教学内容TextA课文概述Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofdifferentnetworktopologies.Atopologyreferstothemannerinwhichthecableisruntoindividualworkstationsonthenetwork.Thethreebasicnetworktopologiesarebus,star,andring.Abustopologyconnectseachcomputertoasinglesegmenttrunk,wheresignalsarebroadcasttoallstations.Astartopologyconnectsallstationstoacentralunitcalledahub,providingacommonconnectionpoint.Aringtopologyconsistsofstationsconnectedseriallyinacircularmanner,whereatokenispassedfromonestationtothenext.Eachtopologyhasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Bustopologiesareeasytoimplementandextend,butcanbedifficulttotroubleshootandhavelimitedcablelength.Startopologiesallowforeasyadditionofnewstationsandeasiertroubleshooting,butrequiremorecable.Ringtopologieshaveminimalimpactonperformanceasthesystemgrows,butarethemostexpensiveandfailureofonecomputercanimpactothers.OtherFAQsaddressedinthearticleincludethewiringofaringtopologyasastar,theconceptofcounterrotatingringsforfaulttolerance,andthepossibilityofmixingdifferenttopologiesonthesamenetwork.Understandingthedifferentnetworktopologiesisimportantfordesigningandimplementingefficientandreliablenetworks.Thechoiceoftopologydependsonthespecificrequirementsandconstraintsofthenetwork.TextA重点单词讲解adapter(n.):adeviceorconnectorthatallowsdifferenttypesofhardwareorsoftwaretoworktogethere.g.Ineedanadaptertoconnectmyoldprintertomynewcomputer.circuit(n.):acompletepathorloopthroughwhichanelectriccurrentcanflowe.g.Thecircuitinmycomputerisnotworkingproperly.Ethernet(n.):asystemforconnectingcomputersinalocalareanetwork(LAN)e.g.WeuseEthernettoconnectallthecomputersinouroffice.hub(n.):adevicethatconnectsmultipledevicesinanetworkandallowsthemtocommunicatewitheachothere.g.Thehubinourofficenetworkallowsallthecomputerstoconnecttotheinternet.maintenance(n.):theactofkeepingsomethingingoodconditionorworkingordere.g.Regularmaintenanceofyourcarwillhelppreventbreakdowns.message(n.):apieceofinformationorcommunicationsentorreceivede.g.Ireceivedamessagefrommyfriendonmyphone.node(n.):apointordeviceinanetworkwhereconnectionsaremadee.g.Thecentralnodeinthenetworkcontrolsallthedataflow.signal(n.):agesture,action,orsoundusedtoconveyinformationorinstructionse.g.Thetrafficlightturnedred,signalingustostop.token(n.):asmallpieceofdatausedforauthenticationoridentificatione.g.Youneedatokentoaccessthesecurearea.topology(n.):thearrangementorpatternofelementsinanetworke.g.Thenetworktopologydetermineshowthedevicesareconnected.transceiver(n.):adevicethatcanbothtransmitandreceivesignalse.g.Thetransceiverallowsustosendandreceivemessages.TextA重点词组讲解bustopology:anetworktopologywherealldevicesareconnectedtoasinglecableor"bus"e.g.Inabustopology,eachdevicesharesthesamecommunicationline.fiber-opticcable:ahigh-speedtransmissionmediumthatusesthinstrandsofglassorplastictotransmitdatausinglightsignalse.g.Theinternetconnectioninourofficeisprovidedthroughafiber-opticcable.ringtopology:anetworktopologywheredevicesareconnectedinacircularring,witheachdeviceconnectedtotwoneighboringdevicese.g.Inaringtopology,datatravelsinonedirectionaroundthering.startopology:anetworktopologywherealldevicesareconnectedtoacentralhuborswitche.g.Inastartopology,allcommunicationgoesthroughthecentralhub.TextA重点缩写讲解LAN(localareanetwork):anetworkthatconnectsdeviceswithinalimitedarea,suchasanofficebuildingorhomee.g.ThecomputersinourofficeareconnectedtotheLANforfilesharing.TextA课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextANotes详见课本TextB概述ThisarticleprovidesanoverviewoftheOSI(OpenSystemsInterconnection)model,whichisastandarddevelopedbytheISO(InternationalStandardsOrganization)todescribetheflowofdataonacomputernetwork.TheOSImodelconsistsofsevenlayers:physical,datalink,network,transport,session,presentation,andapplication.Thephysicallayerestablishesthephysicalcharacteristicsofthenetwork,suchasthetypeofcableandconnectorsused,aswellastheelectricalcharacteristicsofthesignals.Thedatalinklayerisresponsibleforbreakingdowndataframesintoindividualbitsfortransmissionandperformingerrordetectionandcorrection.Thenetworklayerhandlesaddressingandrouting,translatinglogicaladdressesintophysicaladdressesanddeterminingtheroutefromthesourcetothedestinationcomputer.Thetransportlayerensuresmessagesaredeliverederror-freeandinthecorrectorder,performingflowcontrolandretransmissionifnecessary.Thesessionlayerisresponsibleforestablishing,maintaining,andterminatingaconnectionorsessionbetweencomputers,managingsynchronizationanddialogcontrol.Thepresentationlayerhandlesdatatranslation,compression,andencryption,convertingdataformatsandcompressingorencryptingdataasneeded.Theapplicationlayerprovidesdirectaccesstonetworkservicesforuserapplications,servingastheinterfacebetweentheuserandthenetwork.Itsupportsuserapplicationsbyprovidingservicesthatallowthemtoaccessnetworkresources.UnderstandingtheOSImodelisimportantfornetworkdesignandtroubleshooting,asitprovidesaframeworkforunderstandinghowdataflowsonanetworkandhowdifferentlayersofthenetworkstackinteract.TextB重点单词讲解binary(adj.):relatingtoorusingasystemofnumericalnotationthathas2asitsbasee.g.Computersusebinarycodetorepresentdata.certification(n.):theprocessofconfirmingorverifyingthatsomethingmeetscertainstandardsorrequirementse.g.Ireceivedacertificationforcompletingthecourse.compression(n.):theactorprocessofreducingthesizeofafileordatatosavestoragespacee.g.Weusecompressionalgorithmstoreducethefilesize.emulation(n.):theactofimitatingorreplicatingthebehaviororcharacteristicsofanothersystemordevicee.g.Thesoftwareallowsemulationofoldvideogames.encryption(n.):theprocessofconvertinginformationintoasecretcodetopreventunauthorizedaccesse.g.Thedataisencryptedtoprotectitfromhackers.mainframe(n.):alargeandpowerfulcomputerthatisusedbymanyuserssimultaneouslye.g.Themainframehandlesallthecompany'sdataprocessing.server(n.):acomputerorsystemthatprovidesresourcesorservicestoothercomputersinanetworke.g.Theserverstoresallthefilesforthecompany'swebsite.session(n.):aperiodoftimeduringwhichauserisloggedinorengagedinaparticularactivityonacomputerornetworke.g.Ihadaproductivecodingsessiontoday.stack(n.):adatastructurethatstoresandorganizesdatainaspecificwaye.g.Thestackallowsforefficientdataretrieval.TextB重点词组讲解datalink:aconnectionbetweentwonodesordevicesthatallowsforthetransmissionofdatae.g.Thedatalinkbetweentheserverandtheprinterisnotworkingproperly.datastream:acontinuousflowofdatafromonepointtoanothere.g.Thevideoisbeingstreamedoveradatastreamfromtheservertotheuser'sdevice.errorchecking:theprocessofdetectingandcorrectingerrorsindatatransmissionorstoragee.g.Theerrorcheckingalgorithmensurestheintegrityofthedatabeingtransmitted.rawdata:datathathasnotbeenprocessedoranalyzede.g.Thescientistcollectedrawdatafromtheexperimentforfurtheranalysis.TextB重点缩写讲解ASCII(AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange):acharacterencodingstandardthatrepresentstextincomputersandcommunicationsystemse.g.ASCIIuses7-bitbinarynumberstorepresentcharacters.SNA(SystemsNetworkArchitecture):anetworkingarchitecturedevelopedbyIBMformainframecomputersystemse.g.SNAprovidesaframeworkforcommunicationanddataexchangebetweenmainframecomputers.TCP(TransferControlProtocol):acoreprotocoloftheinternetprotocolsuitethatprovidesreliable,ordered,anderror-checkeddeliveryofdatae.g.TCPensuresthatdatasentovertheinternetisreceivedaccuratelyandinthecorrectorder.TextB课文讲解及翻译详见PPTWordBuilding详见课本CareerTraining详见课本

Unit8教学内容TextA课文概述Networksecurityreferstothemeasurestakentopreventunauthorizedaccess,misuse,modification,ordenialofacomputernetworkanditsresources.Itinvolvestheauthorizationofaccesstodata,theuseofauthenticationinformationsuchasusernamesandpasswords,andtheprotectionofnetworksusedinvarioussettings.Networksecurityincludesbothpublicandprivatenetworksandisimportantforbusinesses,governmentagencies,andindividuals.Authenticationisthefirststepinnetworksecurityandcaninvolveone-factor,two-factor,orthree-factorauthentication.Firewallsenforceaccesspolicies,butmaynotdetectharmfulcontent.Antivirussoftwareandintrusionpreventionsystemshelpdetectandpreventmalware.Anomaly-basedintrusiondetectionsystemsmonitornetworktrafficforpotentialthreats.Encryptionisusedtomaintainprivacyincommunicationbetweenhosts.Honeypotsandhoneynetsaredeployedtostudyattackers'methodsandincreasenetworksecurity.Physicalnetworksecurityinvolvesprotectinghardwarefromtheftorintrusion.Passwordprotectioniscrucialandinvolvessettingstrongpasswords,changingdefaultpasswords,andlimitingpasswordsharing.Spywarecaninfectcomputersandnetworks,monitoringusageorstealingpersonaldata.Anti-spywaresoftwareisrecommended.Onlineprivacyisimportant,andtechniqueslikeanonymouswebproxyserverscanhelpprotectittosomeextent.However,completeonlineprivacyiscurrentlydifficulttoachieve.TextA重点单词讲解attacker(n.):apersonorentitythatcarriesoutanattackortriestogainunauthorizedaccesse.g.Thecompany'snetworkwasbreachedbyaskilledattacker.authenticate(v.):toconfirmorestablishtheidentityorvalidityofsomethingorsomeonee.g.Youneedtoauthenticateyouraccountwithapassword.broadband(n.):high-speedinternetaccessthatallowsforfastdatatransmissione.g.Iupgradedtobroadbandtostreammovieswithoutbuffering.data(n.):informationintheformoffacts,statistics,orrecordse.g.Thedatashowsadecreaseinsalesthisquarter.device(n.):amachineortoolthatisdesignedforaparticularpurposee.g.Myphoneisamultifunctionaldevice.honeynet(n.):anetworkofcomputersthatisintentionallymadevulnerabletogatherinformationaboutattackerse.g.Thehoneynethelpedusidentifyandtrackthehackers.identity(n.):thedistinguishingcharacteristicsorqualitiesthatmakeapersonorthinguniquee.g.Youridentityisprotectedbyausernameandpassword.malware(n.):malicioussoftwaredesignedtoharmordisruptcomputersystemse.g.Makesuretoregularlyscanyourcomputerformalware.passcode(n.):acodeorpasswordusedtogainaccesstoadeviceorsysteme.g.Enteryourpasscodetounlockyourphone.password(n.):asecretwordorphraseusedforauthenticationoraccesstoacomputerorsysteme.g.Don'tforgettochangeyourpasswordregularlyforsecurity.spyware(n.):softwarethatsecretlygathersinformationaboutauser'sactivitieswithouttheirknowledgee.g.Installanantivirusprogramtoprotectagainstspyware.transmit(vt.):tosendortransferinformation,signals,ordatae.g.Theradiostationtransmitsitssignalacrossthecity.username(n.):auniquenameusedtoidentifyoneselfonacomputeroronlinesysteme.g.Myusernameforthewebsiteis"johndoe123".TextA重点词组讲解antivirussoftware:aprogramdesignedtodetect,prevent,andremovecomputervirusesandothermalwaree.g.Makesuretoinstallantivirussoftwaretoprotectyourcomputerfromviruses.computerworm:atypeofmalwarethatreplicatesitselfandspreadsacrosscomputernetworkse.g.Thecomputerworminfectedthousandsofcomputerswithinhours.one-factorauthentication:amethodofauthenticationthatreliesonasinglefactor,suchasapasswordorafingerprinte.g.Logginginwithjustapasswordisanexampleofone-factorauthentication.proxyserver:aserverthatactsasanintermediarybetweenaclientandanotherserver,providingcontrol,security,andcachingfunctionse.g.Theproxyserverfiltersandforwardsrequestsfromtheclientstotheinternet.retinalscan:abiometricauthenticationmethodthatusestheuniquepatternsofbloodvesselsintheretinatoverifyidentitye.g.Thehigh-securityfacilityrequiresemployeestoundergoaretinalscanforaccess.socialnetwork:anonlineplatformorcommunitywhereindividualscanconnect,communicate,andshareinformationwithotherse.g.Facebookisapopularsocialnetworkforstayingintouchwithfriendsandfamily.three-factorauthentication:amethodofauthenticationthatrequiresthreedifferentfactors,suchasapassword,afingerprint,andasecuritytokene.g.Thebankusesthree-factorauthenticationtoensuresecureaccesstocustomeraccounts.two-factorauthentication:amethodofauthenticationthatrequirestwodifferentfactors,suchasapasswordandasecuritycodesenttoamobiledevicee.g.Manyonlineservicesnowoffertwo-factorauthenticationforaddedsecurity.TextA重点缩写讲解IP(InternetProtocol):aprotocolthatprovidestheaddressingandroutingofdatapacketsacrossnetworkse.g.IPisresponsiblefordeliveringdatapacketsfromthesourcetothedestinationacrosstheinternet.IPS(IntrusionPreventionSystem):anetworksecuritydeviceorsoftwarethatmonitorsnetworktraffictopreventunauthorizedaccessorattackse.g.TheIPSdetectedandblockedasuspiciousincomingconnection.WIFI(WirelessFidelity):atechnologythatallowsdevicestoconnectwirelesslytoalocalareanetworke.g.IuseWIFItoconnectmylaptoptotheinternetwithoutusingcables.TextA课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextANotes详见课本TextB概述Firewallsareacrucialcomponentofnetworksecuritythatblockunauthorizedaccessandpermitauthorizedcommunications.Theycanbeimplementedinhardwareorsoftwareandareusedtopreventunauthorizedusersfromaccessingprivatenetworks.Firewallsexamineeachmessagepassingthroughthemandblockthosethatdonotmeetspecifiedsecuritycriteria.Thereareseveraltypesoffirewalltechniques.Packetfilteringinspectseachpacketpassingthroughthenetworkandacceptsorrejectsitbasedonuser-definedrules.Applicationgatewaysapplysecuritymechanismstospecificapplications,whilecircuit-levelgatewaysapplysecuritymechanismswhenaTCPorUDPconnectionisestablished.Proxyserversinterceptallmessagesenteringandleavingthenetwork,effectivelyhidingthetruenetworkaddresses.Thefunctionofafirewallistoregulatetheflowoftrafficbetweencomputernetworksofdifferenttrustlevels,thusprotectingassetsandpreventingunauthorizedaccess.Firewallscanbeplacedbetweenprotectedandunprotectednetworks,actingasagate.Theyaresimilartophysicalfirewallsinbuildingconstruction,containinganddelayingthespreadofnetworkintrusion.Firewallscanbeclassifiedbasedonwherethecommunicationistakingplace,whereitisintercepted,andthestatebeingtraced.Networklayerfirewalls,orpacketfilters,operateatalowleveloftheTCP/IPprotocolstackandonlyallowpacketstopassthroughiftheymatchtheestablishedruleset.Application-layerfirewallsworkattheapplicationlevelandinterceptpacketstravelingtoorfromanapplication.Proxiesactasfirewallsbyrespondingtoinputpacketslikeanapplicationwhileblockingothers.Networkaddresstranslation(NAT)isoftenincludedinfirewallstohidethetruea