简历中的年龄偏见：年龄应该是就业障碍吗？（上）

名师精讲外刊简历中的年龄偏见：年龄应该是就业障碍吗？（上）CVageism:Canyoubethe'wrong'ageforajob?名师精讲外刊近年来，“中年危机”成了职场人必须要渡过的一个劫。35岁以上的中层白领一旦失业，就可能因为年龄而再难“重启”。“年龄”这一要素在简历筛选环节尤其容易成为一项重要减分项，今天我们就跟随外刊一起来了解简历当中的年龄歧视。课前问题1.“bakesthinto”是什么意思？2.文中讲“偏见”用到了哪些表达？导读名师精讲外刊CVageism:Canyoubethe'wrong'ageforajob?【基础解析】ageismn.

对老年人的歧视；年龄歧视【释】Ageism

isunacceptablebehaviourthatoccursasaresultofthebeliefthatolderpeopleareoflessvaluethanyoungerpeople.【拓展延伸】-ism最初表示“行为、过程或结果”，像criticism、plagiarism、terrorism等词都是通过此用法构成的。后来陆续被用来表示“主义”、“制度”或“学说”，如capitalism（资本主义）、communism（共产主义）、socialism（社会主义）等。再后来，-ism又已衍生出歧视或偏见词义，如fattism（肥胖歧视）、heightism（身高歧视）、racism（种族歧视）、sexism（性别歧视）等。名师精讲外刊Age-relatedbiasesarebakedintotherecruitingprocess,whetherconsciousornot.Shouldworkersbecagey,inordertoovercomerecruiters'biases?【基础解析】bakesthinto把……混入……，导致两者难以分开【释】tomakesomethinganinherentandunremovablepartofsomethingelse【例】AdealwithChinathatlimitedindustrialsubsidies,longabugbearofothercountries,couldyetbebakedintothemultilateralsystem.和中国的一项协议限制了工业补贴，这是长期困扰其他国家的一个难题，而这项协议可能会被纳入多边体制中。名师精讲外刊Age-relatedbiasesarebakedintotherecruitingprocess,whetherconsciousornot.Shouldworkersbecagey,inordertoovercomerecruiters'biases?【基础解析】cageyadj.讳莫如深的；守口如瓶的【释】Ifyousaythatsomeoneisbeing

cagey

aboutsomething,youmeanthatyouthinktheyaredeliberatelynotgivingyoumuchinformationorexpressinganopinionaboutit.【例】Heis

cagey

aboutwhathewaspaidforthebusiness.他对自己在这桩买卖中所得的报酬不愿多提。精讲试听结束Applyingforjobsisgenerallymiserable,evenatthebestoftimes.ButwhatifyouknowthatsimplyrevealingyourageonyourCVwouldsendyourapplicationstraightintothe'no'pile?

【基础解析】pilen.叠；垛；堆【释】objectspositionedoneontopofanother

【例】apileofsand/books/clothes一堆沙/一叠书/一叠衣服精讲试听结束Applyingforjobsisgenerallymiserable,evenatthebestoftimes.ButwhatifyouknowthatsimplyrevealingyourageonyourCVwouldsendyourapplicationstraightintothe'no'pile?

【拓展延伸】atthetop/bottom

ofthepile处于（社会或某组织的）下层/上层【释】Someonewhois

atthe

bottom

ofthepile

islowdowninsocietyorlowdowninanorganization.Someonewhois

atthetopofthepile

ishighupinsocietyorhighupinanorganization.That'stherealityformanypeople.Agediscriminationmeansthatover-50sare

morethantwice

aslikelyasotherworkerstobeunemployedfortwoyearsorlongeriftheylosetheircurrentjob.Onestudyshowedthata50-year-oldworkerwasupto

threetimeslesslikely

togetaninterviewthana28-year-oldapplicant.It'snotjustolderjob-seekersfacingautomaticrejection;youngpeoplecanalsobediscountedforrolesbecauseoftheirage.Althoughthistypeof

'reverse'ageism

ismuchlessresearched,studiesshowthatyoungerworkerscanbe

consideredundesirableemployees,andthatthiscan

lead

tothemnotgettinghired.

【基础解析】discountv.认为…不重要；对…不全信；低估【释】todecidethatsomethingorsomeoneisnotworthconsideringorgivingattention

【例】Youshouldn't

discount

thepossibilityofhimcomingback.你不应该排除他回来的可能性。"Whenyou'vegotbabyboomerswhothinkthatmillennialsarelazyandentitled,youcanimaginehowanassumptionlikethatcouldgetintotherecruitmentprocess,"sayssocialscientistStéphaneFrancioli,ofNewYorkUniversity'sSternSchoolofBusiness,whorecentlyco-authoreda

study

on'Youngism'.【基础解析】entitledadj.高人一等的，为所欲为的【释】believingoneselftobeinherentlydeservingofprivilegesorspecialtreatment【例】Kidswhofeelsoentitledthinktheworldwillrevolvearoundthem.觉得自己高人一等的孩子总觉得世界是围绕他们转的。"Whenyou'vegotbabyboomerswhothinkthatmillennialsarelazyandentitled,youcanimaginehowanassumptionlikethatcouldgetintotherecruitmentprocess,"sayssocialscientistStéphaneFrancioli,ofNewYorkUniversity'sSternSchoolofBusiness,whorecentlyco-authoreda

study

on'Youngism'.【拓展延伸】entitlev.给予……权利；给予……资格【释】togivesomeonetherighttodoorhavesomething

【例】Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.他们有资格享有许多优势和特权。Apermittedprejudice?

ThemomentyourCVhitsarecruiter'sdesk,subconsciousbiasesaroundcandidateagesarelikelytokickin.【基础解析】kickin开始生效；起作用【释】Ifsomething

kicksin,itbeginstotakeeffect.【例】Whenarethesedrugsgoingtokickin?这些药什么时候才会起作用？"You'regoingtorelyonstereotypestomakeafirstselection,andtosomeextentthat'sunderstandablewhenyou'vegot200applicationsforasingleposition,"saysJelleLössbroek,whostudiesworkplaceageismatUtrechtUniversityinTheNetherlands."Butthisphaseiswhereageismisreallyinfluential."

Whetherit'sassumingolderemployeeswilltakemoresickdays(theydon't)oryoungerapplicantsarejob-hoppers(theyaren't),theseclichésdon'thavetobetruetomakeanimpact."Ifthat'swhatmanagersthink,that'swhattheywillconsiderwhenthey'relookingatajobapplicant,"saysLössbroek.【基础解析】hopv.跳上（或下）；快速移动【释】Ifyou

hop

somewhere,youmovetherequicklyorsuddenly.【例】MywifeandIwerethefirsttoarriveand

hoppedonboard.我和妻子是最早赶到登船的。【拓展延伸】job-hop跳槽；job-hunt找工作Whetherit'sassumingolderemployeeswilltakemoresickdays(theydon't)oryoungerapplicantsarejob-hoppers(theyaren't),theseclichésdon'thavetobetruetomakeanimpact."Ifthat'swhatmanagersthink,that'swhattheywillconsiderwhenthey'relookingatajobapplicant,"saysLössbroek.【基础解析】clichén.陈腔滥调，老生常谈，老套的话【释】acommentthatisveryoftenmadeandisthereforenotoriginalandnotinteresting【例】Myweddingday-andIknowit'sa

cliché

-wasjustthehappiestdayofmylife.我结婚那天——我知道这是老生常谈——是我一生中最幸福的一天。Partoftheissueismanypeopledon'tconsiderageismaproblem.A2021researchpaperfromtheStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusinessshowedthat

ageismseemstobetheonlycondonableprejudice."Ageismisoftentimesabiasthatdoesn'tevengetdiscussedinthislandscapeofinequality,"saysleadauthorProfessorAshleyMartin.【基础解析】condonev.容忍，纵容（不道德行为）

【释】

toacceptorallowbehaviourthatiswrong

【例】Ifthegovernmentisseento

condone

violence,thebloodshedwillneverstop.一旦认定政府纵容暴力，那流血事件就永远不会停止。"Unlikewithraceandgender,weoftenbelieveolderindividualshavealreadyhadtheirsuccessesandopportunities.Sonow,thenaturalorderofthingssaysthattheyshouldstepdownsothatyoungerpeoplecanstepup,"saysMartin."Andthatoftentimeslegitimizesagebias,andallowspeopletofeelprettycomfortableexcludingolderindividualsfromtheworkforce."【基础解析】naturalorderofthings自然规律，自然法则【释】thewaythatlifeandtheworldare

organized

and

intended

tobe【例】The

gender

imbalance

isseenbymanyasthe

naturalorderofthings.在很多人眼中，性别不平等是自然的事。"Unlikewithraceandgender,weoftenbelieveolderindividualshavealreadyhadtheirsuccessesandopportunities.Sonow,thenaturalorderofthingssaysthattheyshouldstepdownsothatyoungerpeoplecanstepup,"saysMartin."Andthatoftentimeslegitimizesagebias,andallowspeopletofeelprettycomfortableexcludingolderindividualsfromtheworkforce."【基础解析】stepdown辞职；下台；让位【释】Ifsomeone

stepsdown

or

stepsaside,theyresignfromanimportantjoborposition,ofteninordertoletsomeoneelsetaketheirplace.【例】Manywouldprefertoseehimstepdown/asideinfavourofayoungerman.很多人更希望看到他下台，以让位给更年轻的人。"Unlikewithraceandgender,weoftenbelieveolderindividualshavealreadyhadtheirsuccessesandopportunities.Sonow,thenaturalorderofthingssaysthattheyshouldstepdownsothatyoungerpeoplecanstepup,"saysMartin."Andthatoftentimeslegitimizesagebias,andallowspeopletofeelprettycomfortableexcludingolderindividualsfromtheworkforce."【基础解析】stepup1）走上前2）增加（数量等）；提高（速度、强度等）【释】Ifyou

stepup

something,youincreaseitorincreaseitsintensity.【例】Securityisbeingsteppeduptodealwiththeincreaseinviolence.为了应对日益增多的暴力活动，安保措施正在加强。"Unlikewithraceandgender,weoftenbelieveolderindividualshavealreadyhadtheirsuccessesandopportunities.Sonow,thenaturalorderof