初中英语时态

汇报人：xxx20xx-03-19初中英语时态目录BasicConceptsandClassificationofTenseDetailedexplanationofthepresenttenseDetailedexplanationofpasttenseFuturetenseandpastfuturetenseNotesontenseusageTensepracticeandimprovementstrategies01BasicConceptsandClassificationofTenseDefinitionTensereferstotheverbformsthatindicatethetimeofanactionorstateinrelationtothetimeofspeakingorwritingFunctionTenseshelpmunicatewhenaneventhappenedinthepast,ishappeningnow,orwillhappeninthefutureTheyalsoindicatethedurationandpletionofactionsDefinitionandFunctionofTenseUsedtodescribeactionsorstatesthatarehappeningnoworthataregenerallytruePresenttensebasicformofthepresenttense,usedforgeneralstatementsandhatsSimplepresentemphasizinganactionthatishappeningatthemomentofspeakingPresentcontinuouslyOverviewofEnglishTenseClassificationPresentperfectindicatorsanactionthatwasalreadyinthepastandisstillrelevantnowPasttenseUsedtodescribeactionsorstatesthatoccurredbeforenowSimplepastbasicformofthepasttense,usedforpletedactionsinthepastOverviewofEnglishTenseClassificationPastcontinuousdescribeanactionthatwasinprogressataspecifictimeinthepastFuturetenseUsedtodescribeactionsorstatesthatwilloccurafternowPasteffectindicatesanactionthatwaspletedbeforeanotherpastactionOverviewofEnglishTenseClassificationFuturecontinuesdescribeanactionthatwillbeinprogressataspecifictimeinthefutureFutureperfectindicatesanactionthatwillbecompletedbeforeanotherfutureactionoreventSimplefuturebasicformofthefuturetense,usedforpredictionsandplansOverviewofEnglishTenseClassificationPresenttensemarkersoften,monly,sometimes,always,everyday/week/month/year,etcPasttensemarkersyesterday,lastweek/month/year,ago,justnow,theotherday,etcFuturetensemarkerstomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inthefuture,soon,later,etcCommontensemarkersvocabulary030201currently,atthemoment,rightnow(forpresentcontinuous);Was/weredoing(forpastcontinuous);Willbedoing(forfuturecontinued)Additionalmarkersforcontinuoustensionshave/as+pastparticle(forpresentperfect);Had+pastparticle(forpastperfect);Willhave+pastparticle(forfutureperfect)AdditionalmarkersforperfecttenseCommontensemarkersvocabulary02DetailedexplanationofthepresenttenseThestructureandusageofthepresentcontinuoustenseStructure'Subject+beverb(am/is/are)+presentparticle(-ingformoftheverb)'Forexample,"Sheisstudyingfortheexam."UsageItisusedtodescribeanactionthatishappeningatthemomentofspeakingItcanalsobeusedtoexpressfuturearrangementsorplansStructure'Subject+have/as+pastparticle'Forexample,"Theyhavefinishedtheirhome."UsageItisusedtoexpressanactionthatstartedinthepastandhascontinueduptothepresentmomentItcanalsobeusedtoexpressexperiencesorchangesthathaveoccurredinthepastandarestillrelevantnowThestructureandusageofthepresentperfecttenseStructure'Subject+baseformoftheverb(s/esforthirdpersonsingular)'Forexample,"HeplaysfootballeverySunday."0102UsageItisusedtoexpresshats,routes,generaltruths,andscheduledeventsinthepresentationItcanalsobeusedtoexpressfutureeventswhentheyarepartofatimetableorplanThestructureandusageofthepresentsimpletense03DetailedexplanationofpasttenseStructureThesimplepasttenseisformedbyadding"-ed"or"-d"tothebaseformoftheverbForregularverbs,thepasttenseformmayvaryUsageThesimplepasttenseisusedtoexpressactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastandarenowpletedItoftenappearswithtimeexpressionssuchas"yesterday,""lastweek,"or"in2022"(note:averagespecificdatesinoutput)Example"Iplayedfootballyesterday."Inthispresence,"played"isthesimplepasttenseof"play,"indicatingthattheactionofplayingfootballoccurredinthepastThestructureandusageofthesimplepasttenseStructureThepastcontinuoustenseisformedbyusing"was/were"followedbythepresentparticle(-ingform)oftheverbUsageThepastcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeactionsoreventsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepastItoftenappearswithtimeexpressionssuchas"atthattime"or"when"clausesExample"IwasstudyingwhenmyroomwaswatchingTV."Inthissense,"wasstudying"isthepastcontinuoustense,indicatingthattheactionofstudyingwasinprogressatthetimewhenmyroomwaswatchingTVThestructureandusageofthepastcontinuoustenseThepastperfecttenseisformedbyusing"had"followedbythepastparticleoftheverbThepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressactionsoreventsthathaveoccurredbeforeanotheractionoreventinthepastItisoftenusedtoestablishasequenceofeventsortoemphasizethepletionofanactionbeforeanother"BythetimeIarrived,theyhadalreadyeaten."Inthissense,"hadalreadyeaten"isthepastperfecttense,indicatingthattheactionofeatinghadoccurredbeforemyarrivalStructureUsageExampleThestructureandusageofthepastperfecttense04FuturetenseandpastfuturetenseWill+verbThisstructureisusedtoexpressfutureactionsorstatesForexample,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."Begoingto+verbThisstructureisoftenusedtoexpressintentions,plans,orarrangementsforthefutureForinstance,"Theyaregoingtowatchamovietonight."PresentcontinuoustenseforfuturearrangementsSometimesthepresentcontinuoustenseisusedtotalkaboutfutureevents,specificallywhentheyarepartofaplanorarrangementForexample,"Iammeetingmyfriendforlunchtomorrow."FuturetenseexpressionmethodsOnewaytoexpressfuturetenseinthepastistousethepasttenseoftheverbalongwithafuturetimeexpressionForexample,"Yesterday,hesaidhewouldetoday."ThisstructureisusedtotalkaboutplansorintentionsthatweremadeinthepastbutwerenotnecessarilycarriedoutForinstance,"Atthattime,Iwasgoingtostudyabroad."SometimesthefutureisexpressedinthepastthroughconditionalsentimentsForexample,"IfIhadknownearlier,Iwouldhavepreparedfortheexam."However,notethatthisexampleactuallyreferstoapasteventwithapastfuturetenseintheifcasePasttense+futuretimeexpressionWas/weregoingto+verbConditionalsentimentsMethodsofexpressingpastandfuturetenseFutureperfecttenseThistenseisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillbepletedbeforeanotherfutureactionoreventItisformedwith"willhave"+pastparticleForexample,"Bytheendofnextyear,Iwillhavefinishedmystudies."PastfutureperfecttenseThistensereferstoanactionthatwouldbepletedbeforeanotherpastfutureactionoreventItisformedwith"wouldhave"+pastparticle"Hetoldmethatbythefollowingyear,hewouldhavegraduatedfromcollege."Futureperfecttenseandpastfutureperfecttense05NotesontenseusageTheruleoftensecorrespondencebetweensubjectsandadjacentintentions010203Whenthemainclauseisinthepresentorfuturetense,thesubborderclausecanbeinanytense,dependingonthecontextIfthemainclauseisinthepasttense,theadjacentclauseshouldbeusedinacorrespondingpasttense,lessitreferstoauniversaltruthorbiologicalaction,whichisexpressedinthepresenttenseInsomecases,thetenseofthesubmarineclausemaybedeterminedbythemeaningoftheverbinthemainclause,ratherthanitstense01Thesubjunctionmoodisoftenusedtoexpresswishes,suggestions,doubles,returns,andothernonrealsituations02Inthesubjunctionmood,thepresenttenseisoftenusedtorefertoafutureevent,whilethepasttenseisusedtorefertoapresentorpasteventthatiscontemporarytofact03Thesubfunctionalmoodisalsousedinsomefixedexpressionsandidiomaticuses,wherethetensemaynotfollowtheusagerulesRulesforusingtensionsinsubjunctionmoodIndirectspeech,thetenseoftheverbinthereportedspeechisusuallyshiftedbackonetensefromthetenseusedinthedirectspeechInscientificwritingorotherformalcontexts,thepresentationtenseisoftenusedtodescribegeneraltruthsorprocessesthatarenotlimitedtoaspecifictimeperiodWhendescribingaseriesofeventsinanarrative,thetenseoftheverbsshouldbeconsistentthroughout,lessthereisaclearreasontochangetenseTenseselectioninspecialcircles06TensepracticeandimprovementstrategiesAnalysisandAnswerofTypicalExampleQuestionsLookforansweroptionsthatmatchthetenseusedinthequestionandidentifythosethatdonotAnalyzetheansweroptionsThisinvolvesunderstandingthecontextandidentifyingtheverbformsthatindicateaspecifictenseIdentifythetenseusedinthequestionEachtensehasaspecificmeaningandusage,soitisimportanttograsptheconceptbehindeachoneUnderstandthemeaningofthetense01