信息必刷卷 05(北京专用)(原卷版)

答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页年高考英语考前信息必刷卷05北京专用北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）.回顾2022年高考卷北京卷完形填空是一篇记叙文，考查点：动词词义辨析（4个），动词短语（1个），形容词（3个），副词（1个），名词（1个）。语法填空A篇是一篇记叙文，考查点：介词，不定式，动词时态各一题；B篇是说明文，考查点:非谓语，宾语从句，主谓一致各一题；C篇是记叙文，考查点：反身代词，定语从句，形容词比较级，动词时态各一题。阅读理解A篇应用文，考查点：细节理解题（3题）；B篇记叙文，考查点：细节理解题（3题），推理判断题（1题）；C篇说明文，推理判断题（2题），细节理解题（1题）；D篇，议论文，（推理判断题，细节理解题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题各一。）阅读表达是一篇说明文，写作是一篇应用文-建议信。本套试卷完形填空是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述约翰·欧恩斯在威斯康星州的荒野外救助一只掉入陷阱里大灰狼。短文填空（A篇是一篇说明文。介绍了黑洞的性质，形成，名字的由来；B篇一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国北方遭遇的一场十年来最大的沙尘暴。C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性）。阅读理解（A篇是应用文。介绍了一份来自世界各地卫生组织的旅行指南清单，帮助游客考虑旅行时应采取的措施，以降低健康风险；B篇是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事；C篇是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Craven从最初害怕游泳到退休后的一天看到一群小孩学游泳，最终激励了她去游泳的故事。这个故事证明了世上无难事，只怕有心人的道理；D篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件，这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动，同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种，并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害）。七选五是说明文。文章建议四个感恩练习来享受感恩的好处。阅读表达是一篇记叙文。书面表达是应用文。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JohnOenswasanenthusiastichunterandenjoyedbeinginthewoods.OnceintotheWisconsinwildernessinNovember,histeamencounteredsomethingunbelievablewhenhecheckedthe___1___.Insteadofacoyote,hesawahugetimberwolf,whichisontheendangeredspecieslist,tryingtogetfree.Johnrealizedhecouldn’t___2___thiswolf,sincetheanimalmightdieofexposure.However,hehadtoputhis___3___onthelinetofreethecreature.Hisheartwaspoundingwhileheprepared.Hisdadrantothetrucktogetagunasaprecautionandsomeplywood(夹板).___4___,theycouldfigureitoutwithoutthegun.Alittletimehadpassedsincetheyfoundthewolf,butitseemedlikeaneternity(永恒)toJohn.Whenhisdadreturned,Johnputtheplaninmotion.He___5___theplywood,usingitashisshield(盾牌).Whileallthathappened,hisfriendfilmedeverything.Hisdadwasalsoavailabletofirethegunifthewolfdecidedtoattack.Theywerepreparedbut___6___!John___7___closerandcloserallthewhile.Hisdadwasareassuringsightforhim.Johnlookedathisfriendformoralsupport,___8___thatnowwaswhentheactionstarted.Finally,Johnfreedthewolf’spawfromthetrap.Ittookonemomentforittospinandflyaway.Thethreemenwerehappybecausethewolfwasfree,andJohnwasstillsafe.Whentheyviewedthevideotoseeitall___9___later,theynoticedthewolflookatJohnforabriefmomentbeforerunningbacktothewoods.Wasithiswayofshowingappreciation?Anyhow,Johnmadethebest_____10_____!1．A．traps B．plans C．routes D．numbers2．A．free B．help C．miss D．abandon3．A．hands B．life C．mind D．hope4．A．Hopefully B．Excitedly C．Finally D．Causally5．A．tookover B．setdown C．pickedup D．gaveaway6．A．determined B．interested C．scared D．disappointed7．A．checked B．inched C．rushed D．rolled8．A．signaling B．guessing C．remembering D．deciding9．A．develop B．unfold C．end D．record10．A．challenge B．preparation C．choice D．discovery第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ablackholeisaspotinspacethathas____11____(power)gravity.Itsgravityissostrongthatitpullseverythingnearbyintoit,stars,planetsandotherthings.Blackholesformwhenastardies.Whenthathappens,ahugeamountofmattercrowdsintoaverysmallspace,which____12____(become)verydense.Blackholes____13____(talk)aboutin1783first.Thatyear,onescientistsaidthatintheuniverse,theremightbeplaceswithstronggravitytotraplight,althoughhedidn’tusetheterm“blackhole”.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina

____14____(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity'senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto____15____(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecity'sweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout____16____thesandstormcameintobeing.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Governmentsatalllevelshavemadecontinuouseffortstoreducethefinancialburdenonhouserenters,especiallythose

____17____arenewcollegegraduates.AreportbytheMeadinAcademysaysthatcollegegraduates____18____(survey)prefertoliveinapartmentsnearthecompaniesorrailwaystationstofacilitatetheircommute(通勤).Astohouserents,mostcollegegraduatesstillneed____19____(assistant)fromtheirparentsandonlyabout20percentofthempaytherentthemselves.____20____(help)lowerthefinancialburdensofyoungpeople,manygovernmentsandcompanieshavegiventheirsupportinhouserentals.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWehavealistoftravelguidelinesfromhealthorganizationsaroundtheworldtohelpyouconsidermeasuresyoushouldtaketohelpreducehealthriskswhenyoutravel.Pleasereviewallinformationthatyouneedtoprotectyourself.WashyourhandsoftenWashyourhandsfrequentlyandthoroughlyforatleast20secondswithsoapandwater.Ifsoapandwaterarenotreadilyavailable,useahandsanitizer(洗手液)thatcontainsatleast60%alcohol.Avoidtouchingyoureyes,noseandmouthwithunwashedhands.WearamaskCleanyourhandswithaleohol-basedhandsanitizer,orsoapandwater,beforeputtingonamask.Coveryourmouthandnosewithamaskorfacecoveringandmakesuretherearenogapsbetweenyourfaceandthemask.Avoidtouchingthemaskwhileusingit;ifyoudo,cleanyourhands.CoughingandsneezingetiquetteIfyouarenotwearingamask,coveryourmouthornosewithaflexedelboworusedisposabletissueanddiscardimmediatelyafteruse.Cleanhandswithalcohol-basedhandsanitizerorsoapandwateraftercoughingorsneezing.SocialdistancingMaintainatleast6feetor2meters(about2armlengths)distancebetweenyourselfandothers.AvoidtravelingifunwellIfyouhaveafever,cough,difficultybreathing,asorethroatorhaveseenrecentchangesintasteorsmell,medicalprofessionalsrecommendyounottravel.Ifyougetsickduringthetrip,staywhereyouareandfollowtheadviceoflocalofficials.AnticipatetravelneedsBringenoughofyourmedicinetolastyoufortheentiretripandhaveprescriptionpaperworkwithyouiftravelinginternationally.Considerpackingenoughalcoholbasedhandsanitizerandkeepitwithineasyreach;butremembersomeairportsorairlinesmayhavelimitationsonvolumeofliquidsyoucancarry.Bringaclothfacecoveringormasktowearinpublicplaces.Packsomefoodincaserestaurantsandstoresareclosed,butremembersomeairlinesmaylimityourabilitytocarryfoodanddrinksonboard.21．Whatisthetextintendedtohelppeopledo?A．Travelsmarter. B．Travelsafer. C．Travellighter. D．Travelforfree.22．Whatinformationdoestheauthorprovide?A．Carryingasoapatalltimes. B．Coughingwithyourmaskoff.C．Keepingapropersocialdistance. D．Goingbackhomeifyoufeelsick.23．Whatdoestheauthorrecommendcarryingincaseyouneed?A．Alcohol. B．Facecloth. C．Foodanddrinks. D．Medicinepackaging.BThefirstessayIwroteformyhistoryofEnglishclasswasperfect,atleastfrommyperspective.Ihadworkedonitconstantlyandcouldn’twaittogetmygradeback.Ihandeditinwithpride.Twoweekslater,Ireceivedmygrade:aD．Thepageswerecoveredinredwriting,pointingouterrors.Theremusthavebeenamistake.Universitystartedlaterformethanmost.Theopportunitywasn’tavailablewhenIwasyounger—toomanykidsinourfamilyandtoolittlemoney.ButIneverstoppedwonderingwhatuniversitywouldhavebeenlike.Iwasinmy40swhenIsentinmyapplicationandasapart-timestudent,Iwillbeinmy60sbeforeI’mfinished.That’smygoal.What’sitliketobetheoldguyinaclassfullof20-year-olds?It’sstrange.Theyprettymuchignoredme,andIignoredthem.Theyalsoignoredeachother.However,afterwehadmoregroupworktogether,peoplestartedtocommunicate.AlthoughIwasanEnglishmajor,someofmyfavoriteclasseswereunrelatedelectives.CoursesinarthistoryandGreekandRomanhistorywerefascinating.Iwaseagertodowell.Iarrangedameetingtodiscussmyessaygradeandarrived10minutesearlytomeettheteacher’sassistantIwasreadytoargueforthebrillianceofmypaper.However,shequicklyexplainedtomethatthepaperfailedtomakeastrongargument.Themarkremained.Ikeptstudyingandkeptleaning,IlearnedtolovetwodozenwritersIhadneverheardofbeforeandexploredtypesofliteratureIhadneverexamined.Eventually,Ilearnedhowtowriteanessayinproperacademicprose.Universityisdifferentwhenyouareasenior,part-timestudent.Ifyouaretheretoestablishacareerorbecauseyourparentsforcedyoutogo,thereareotherpressures.Forme,it’sjustlearning.WhetherI’mlearningremotelyorinperson,itmakestheworldabigger,richerplace.24．Whydidthewriterstartuniversitylaterthanothers?A．Hisapplicationwasrefused. B．Histeacherdislikedhisessay.C．Hisfamilywasnotrichenough. D．Hishealthdidnotmeetthestandard.25．Howdidthewriterfeelafterreceivingthegradeofhisfirstessay?A．Surprised. B．Pleased C．Excited. D．Hopeless26．Whathelpedthewriterinwritingaproperacademicessay?A．Strongcuriosity. B．Constantefforts.C．Greatpressure. D．Remarkablecreativity.27．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PracticeMakesPerfectB．NotAllThatShinesIsGoldC．WhereThereIsAWill,ThereIsAWayD．ActionSpeaksLouderThanWordsCIt’sthegreenwallofherschoolswimmingpoolthatJillCravenremembersbest,asshefeltherteacher’shandonherhead,guidingherunderwater.“Youknowhowtimeslows?Goingunder.Watching...”shesays.ThiswasinPalmerstonNorth,whenshewasfive.Whileherthreeoldersiblingscouldswimhalfamileormore,shewoulddoanythingtoavoidswimminglessons.Inher20s,shemovedtoLondontopursueacareerinjournalism.Sheinsistedshehadneverfearedforhercareer,butshestillhadthislifelongfearofbeingunderwater.However,whensheretired,Cravenwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer,andwasadvisedtoswimaspartofherrecovery.Stillfindingthefearundefeatable,shetookupwaterjogginginstead-liketreadingwater(踩水),butmoving-withafloatationaidaroundhermiddle.Shecouldgetherfeetofthebottomofthepoolforaquickdoggypaddle,butanythingmorewasbeyondher.Onedayatthepool,shesawagroupofchildrenhavingalesson.Itwasanindoorpool,niceandwarm,andthechildrenwerefiveorsix.“Ijustthought,it’stimetodothis,”shesays.“WhoknowswhatIlookedlike.Aneggbeater,”shecontinues.“Ididfivestrokes,orsix.Iwassoproudofmyself”.Thenalifeguardencouragedhertocontinueandtoldherhowtobreathe.Afriendgavehergoggles.HernieceJustinewalkedbesidethepoolclapping,andCravenfeltasifshehadwonagoldmedal.JustineboughtCravenlessonsforher69thbirthday.Beforelong,Cravenhadswumalengthwithherfaceinthewater.Whenherinstructortoldhertositonthebottomofthepool,Cravenfeltlikegoingbacktobeingafive-year-old.Shehungontothestairsasshewentdown.Butshedidit!Shestayedthereforafewseconds!NowCravenswimstwiceaweek:fivelengths,sometimes10,witharestaftereach.“Ijustthinkyouneedtodothingsifyoucan.Ifyoucan,youmust.”shesays.28．WhydidCravenchoosewaterjogginginsteadofswimming?A．Shehatedlosingface.B．Shelikedtreadingwater.C．Shewasafraidtoswim.D．Shewasfondoffloating.29．WhatinspiredCraventotryswimmingagain?A．Thesightofkidslearningswimming.B．ThesupportofhernieceJustine.C．Theencouragementfromalifeguard.D．Thedoctor’sadviceonherrecovery.30．Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A．Oncebitten,twiceshy.B．Youcanneverteachanolddognewtricks.C．Practicemakesperfect.D．Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.DInteractivesoftwarethat“reads”andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinos(犀牛)canbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers(偷猎者),accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino'sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino'sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.“Ifyoufindamatch,youcanidentifytheindividualanimalwholeftthemarkand,byplottingthelocationsofalltheotherplaceswheremarkshavebeenseen,trackitsmovementswithoutdisturbingitorcomingintocloseenoughcontactwithit,”saidZoeJewell,aprofessoratDukeUniversity'sNicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,whoco-ledthestudyandisco-creatorofFIT.“It'sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturies-oldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,”shesaid.JewellandhercolleaguesarenowworkingwithNamibia'sMinistryofEnvironment,ForestryandTourismtotrainwildlifeconservationists,landmanagersandlocalguideshowtouseFIT.Namibiaishometoanestimated2,000blackrhinos,orabout90%ofthespecies'totalpopulationworldwide.Thoughlegallyownedbythegovernment,theanimalsaredistributedgeographicallyonprivatelandsacrossthecountry.TheFITsoftwarecanalsodoasurveyoffootprintsthroughouttheprotectedareaandtakemeasurementsfromeachfootprinttoestimatethenumberofrhinosinthatarea.Thiscanbeusefulinformationforcalculationresourceneedstomonitortheanimalseffectively.Thiscreatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.31．Whatisthepurposeofthesoftware?A．Topromotethedevelopmentoftechnology.B．Toprotectblackrhinosfrombeinghunted.C．Toanalyzethefootprintsofillegalpoachers.D．Tosaveendangeredspeciesacrosstheworld.32．What’stheadvantageofthesoftware?A．Itownsvariousfunctions. B．Itgoestothemarket.C．Itisperfectlypractical. D．Itismorethanpopular.33．WhatdoesZoeJewellsayabouttheapproach?A．Itbringsthebestadvantageforthelowestcost.B．Ithelpsincreasethepopulationofblackrhinos.C．Itraisespeople'sawarenessoftheenvironment.D．Itstrengthensthetiebetweenhumansandnature.34．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofrhinos?A．Optimistic. B．Hopeless. C．Worrying. D．Uncertain.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gratitude(感激之情)doesmorethanjustimproveyourmoodforthemoment.Itactuallychangesyourmindsetandplaysamajorroleinsuccessandoverallhappiness.____35____Enjoythebenefitsoffeelingthankfulwiththesefourgratitudepracticeseveryday.Showyourappreciationforothers.Whenyouthinkofgratitudeexercises,youhaveprobablyalreadyheardofsuggestionslikekeepingagratitudejournal.Yetevenmorebeneficialthancountingyourblessingsisreceivingthanksfromothers.Toencourageactsofgratitude,leadbyexample.____36____Youcreateanenvironmentofopengratitude,andyoumayevenreceivethesameappreciationinreturn.____37____Encouragegratitude.Inaninterview,researchprofessorDr.BrenéBrownexplainedherdailypracticestoencouragegratitudeamonghercolleagues.Shegatherspostersandputsanameofacoworkeroneachboard.Theneveryonegoesaroundandwritesanicethingaboutthatpersonundertheirname.Youcancreateyourowngroupgratitudeexerciseslikethistoencouragepositivityandappreciationamongfriends,family,oratwork.Feelinspiredbygratitudestories.____38____Lookforpeopleinyourlife,orinthemedia,whohavestruggledandsucceededthankstothesupportofothers.Havingempathy(同理心)isgoodforyou.Startyourdaywithamorninggratitudepractice.____39____Sowhynotstartitfromaplaceofgratitudeandgrace?Eachmorning,beforeyougetoutofbed,takeamomenttocountyourblessings.Trytothinkofthreetofivethingsyoufeelgratefulfortoday.Thismayimproveyourmentalhealth,aswellasofferyouapositivestarttoyourday!A．Creategroupgratitudepractices.B．Learntotreasurethepresentmoment.C．So,putalittlegratitudeintoyourroutine!D．Feedyourbrainwithgoodnewsandgratitudestories!E．Practicegratitudewheneveryouareinthemoodforit.F．Thewayyoustartyourmorningsetsthetonefortherestoftheday.G．Showyourappreciationtowardotherswhenyougenuinelyfeelthatway.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。GhanimAl-Muftah,2022QatarWorldCupAmbassador(大使),wasbornonMay5,2002,witharareconditionknownasCaudalRegressionSyndrome,whichcausesitspatientstobebornwithoutthelowerhalfofthebody.Naturally,onewouldexpecthimtouseawheelchair,butheinsistsonmovingaroundonhishandsbecausehebelievesthatheshouldmakeuseofeverythingwithwhichheisblessedratherthanfocusonwhathedoesn’thave.WhileGhanimwasgrowingup,hefounditdifficulttoattendschooli