03+专题三+动词+第3讲+情态动词和虚拟语气 【备课精研】 高三英语一轮复习

第3讲

情态动词和虚拟语气第二部分语法专项复习词法篇专题三动词1.

（经典高考）I

can't

find

my

purse.

I

_______________（leave）

it

in

the

supermarket

yesterday,

but

I'm

not

sure.could

have

left[解析]

句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市里了，但我不确定。根据句中的yesterday和but

I'm

not

sure可知，设空处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用could

have

left。2.

（经典高考）Truly

elegant

chopsticks

might_________（make）

of

gold

and

silver

with

Chinese

characters.be

made[解析]

根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。设空处位于情态动词might后，故填be

made。真题演练3.

（经典高考）What

a

pity!

You

missed

the

sightseeing,

or

we_____________________（have）

a

good

time

together.would/could

have

had[解析]

句意：你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语应用would/could

have

had。4.

（经典高考）If

we____________（catch）

the

flight

yesterday,

we

would

be

enjoying

our

holiday

on

the

beach

now.had

caught[解析]

句意：如果昨天我们赶上了那趟航班，我们现在就正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用过去完成时。必备知识考点1

情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力，意为“能，会”（外研选必二

Unit

1）At

a

glance

I

can

distinguish

China

from

Arizona.我一眼就能分辨中国和亚利桑那。情态动词用法例句can/could表示推测，意为“可能”，往往用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强That

can't

be

Mary—she

is

in

London

now.那不可能是玛丽——她现在在伦敦。续表情态动词用法例句can/could表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会”，多用于肯定句Credit

cards

provide

us

with

lots

of

convenience,

but

sometimes

they

can

lead

to

problems.信用卡给我们提供许多方便，但有时候会带来一些问题。续表情态动词用法例句can/could表示礼貌地提出请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中，could可代替can,

语气更委婉Can

you

tell

us

your

recipe

for

happiness

and

a

long

life?你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？固定句式：can't...too/over，意为“无论……也不过分”“越……越好”I

can't

thank

you

too

much

for

all

your

help

to

my

son.我非常感谢你对我儿子的帮助。续表情态动词用法例句may/might表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉Might/May

I

have

a

word

with

you?

It

won't

take

long.我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误很长时间。表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，用于肯定句和否定句中（人教选必二

Unit

2）Some

students

might

even

encounter

problems

with

personal

safety.有些学生甚至可能遭遇人身安全问题。续表情态动词用法例句may/might固定句式：may/might

as

well+动词原形，意为“不妨；倒不如……”Since

it

is

raining

hard,

you

may/might

as

well

stay

here.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。续表情态动词用法例句must表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”，其否定式mustn't

意为“禁止”You

must

finish

the

task

before

the

deadline.你必须在截止日期前完成这个任务。You

mustn't

play

football

in

the

street.你绝对不能在街上踢足球。续表情态动词用法例句must表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”，常用于肯定句中You

must

be

Carol.You

haven't

changed

a

bit

after

all

these

years.你肯定是卡萝尔。这么多年过去了，你一点儿都没变。表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”If

you

must

go,

at

least

wait

until

the

storm

is

over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。续表情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示Shall

I

tell

Brett

to

come

over

straight

after

school

tomorrow?要我告诉布雷特明天放学后直接过来吗？用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁One

of

our

rules

is

that

every

student

shall

wear

the

school

uniform

while

at

school.我们的规定之一就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。续表情态动词用法例句should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”（外研选必四

Unit

4）You

should

know

your

own

limits

and

those

of

the

people

you

work

with.你应该知道自己以及与你共事的人的极限。表示推测、可能性或预期，意为“应该；可能”He

should

be

here

on

time—he

started

early

enough.他应该按时到这里的——他出发得足够早。续表情态动词用法例句should表示惊奇、失望、遗憾、愤怒等情绪，意为“竟然；居然”It's

strange

that

he

should

have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner's

permission.简直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。续表情态动词用法例句will/would表示意志、意愿或某种倾向性，will指现在，would指过去I

have

told

him

again

and

again

to

stop

smoking,

but

he

will

not

listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但他就是不听。续表情态动词用法例句will/would表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去I

still

remember

my

happy

childhood

when

my

mother

would

take

me

to

Disneyland

at

weekends.我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。续表情态动词用法例句will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气委婉Will/Would

you

please

let

me

have

a

look

at

your

new

watch?请让我看看你的新手表好吗？续表情态动词用法例句needneed表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”My

room

is

in

a

mess,

but

I

needn't

clean

it

before

I

go

out

tonight.我的房间乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫它。续表情态动词用法例句daredare意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中How

dare

you

leave

your

home

without

your

parents'

permission?在没有征得你父母许可的情况下你怎么敢离开家？续表情态动词用法例句ought

to表示“应该（义务）”I

think

I

ought

to

get

back

to

work.我想我应该重新开始工作了。have

to表示“不得不（客观需要）”Michael

is

tired

and

he

has

to

rest

after

his

long

trip.迈克尔累了，他在长途旅行之后不得不休息。续表对过去的推测must

have

done一定做过某事Paul

did

a

great

job

in

the

speech

contest.

He

must

have

practised

many

times

last

week.保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。2.情态动词+havedone对过去的推测can't/couldn't

have

done过去不可能做过……George

can't

have

gone

too

far.

His

coffee

is

still

warm.乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还是温的呢。may/might（not）have

done过去可能（没）做过……I

thought

you

might

have

invited

her

over.我想你大概已经邀请她过来。续表对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备could

have

done本来能够做但却未做You

could

have

helped

me

yesterday,

but

you

didn't.你昨天本可以帮我的，但你没有帮我。should

have

done本来应该做但是实际上未做You

should

have

studied

harder.你本应该更努力学习的。续表对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备shouldn't

have

done本来不应该做而实际上做了You

shouldn't

have

cheated

in

the

exam

yesterday.你昨天考试本不应该作弊的。needn't

have

done本来没必要做却做了You

needn't

have

told

him

that.你本来用不着告诉他那个的。续表1.虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词例句与现在事实相反should/would/could/might+do过去式（be用were）If

I

were

at

school

again，

I

would

study

harder.如果我再次上学的话，我会更加努力学习。考点2虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词例句与过去事实相反should/would/could/might+have

donehad+doneIf

I

had

adopted

his

advice

last

week,

I

would

have

passed

that

exam.如果上周我采纳了他的建议，我就能通过那场考试了。续表主句谓语动词从句谓语动词例句与将来事实相反should/would/could/might+do过去式/were

to

do/should+doIf

it

should

rain

tomorrow,

we

wouldn't

get

involved

in

the

voluntary

activity.如果明天下雨，我们就不会参与志愿活动了。续表2.含蓄虚拟语气有时，假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without（要是）没有；but

for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。But

for

（=If

it

hadn't

been

for）

your

generous

help,

I

wouldn't

have

made

so

much

progress.要不是你的慷慨帮助，我就不会取得那么大的进步了。The

workers

were

not

better

organized.Otherwise

（=If

not）

they

would

have

accomplished

the

task

in

half

the

time.工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。特别提醒有时用错综时间来表达假设或某种遗憾。If

I

had

studied

harder,

I

would

be

in

a

better

college

now.如果我当初学习再刻苦一点，我现在就能在一所更好的大学了。3.虚拟语气在从句中的用法在表示要求、命令、建议等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及表示上述意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”。常见的此类动词有一坚持（insist）、二命令（order,

command）、三要求（require,

demand,

request）、四建议（suggest,

advise,

propose,

recommend）。I

suggest

you

（should）read

The

Moonstone

as

a

start.我建议你（应该）阅读《月亮宝石》作为开始。My

suggestion

was

that

necessary

measures

（should）

be

taken

to

protect

the

children

from

dangerous

situations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护儿童免受危险的境遇。易错提示（1）当suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。（2）在“It

is/was+adj./done+that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important、necessary、strange、urgent、suggested、required、ordered、advised、requested、demanded等。It

is

necessary

that

we

（should）clean

the

room

every

day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。（3）wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟；用“would/could+动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。We

will

go

shopping

tomorrow.

I

wish

you

would

go

with

us.我们明天要去购物，我真希望你同我们一起去。I

wish

I

had

told

him

the

way

to

the

supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。（4）would

rather后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。I'd

rather

he

had

gone

to

the

seaside

with

me

the

day

before

yesterday.我宁愿他前天和我去了海边。句式现在过去将来if

only引导的条件从句及感叹句过去式had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形as

if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had+过去分词/It

is

（high/about）

time

that...过去式或should+动词原形4.其他句式中的虚拟语气If

only

we

had

taken

our

teacher's

advice!要是我们听从老师的建议该多好！Mary's

description

of

the

party

was

so

vivid

that

I

felt

as

if

I

had

been

there.玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动,以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。It

is

high

time

that

we

took/should

take

some

measures

to

solve

the

problem.确实到了我们采取一些措施来解决这个问题的时候了。分层特训Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.

John

wants

to

see

me

now,

but

I

have

so

much

work

in

hand

that

I

would

rather

he______（come）

tomorrow

than

today.came[解析]

句意:约翰现在想看我,但是我手头有很多工作,所以我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。would

rather后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气,表示与将来事实相反的愿望用一般过去时。2.

When

you

phoned

me,

I

was

having

a

meeting;

how

I

wish

I______________（answer）

your

call.had

answered[解析]

句意:当你给我打电话的时候,我正在开会。我多么希望我（之前）接了你的电话。此处wish后的从句用虚拟语气,根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟,故填had

answered。3.

The

suggestion

that

the

new

rule________________________（develop）

came

from

the

chairman.（should）

be

developed[解析]

suggestion在表示“建议”时,其后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语构成是“should+动词原形”,should

可以省略。本题中develop与the

new

rule

之间为被动关系,故填（should）be

developed。4.

It

is

high

time

that

you_________________________（consider）

that

if

there

were

no

stress

in

your

life,

you

would

achieve

a

little.considered/should

consider[解析]

在It

is

high

time

that...句式中,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。5.

You

didn't

let

me

drive.If

we___________（take）

turns

driving,

you

wouldn't

have

got

so

tired.had

taken[解析]

此处是对过去情况的虚拟。if

引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had

done”,主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have

done”。A

Recently,

residents

in

a

youth

apartment

building

in

downtown

Shenzhen

have

planted

the

seed,

cultivating

1.___

unique

city

lifestyle.

They

can

farm

their

own

land,

which

can

2.____________

（access）

just

an

elevator

ride

away

to

the

top

of

their

building.There

they

can

grow

vegetables,

while

3._______________（communicate）

with

other

renters

and

taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city.abe

accessedcommunicatingⅡ.语法填空

Huang

Suyun,

the

founder

of

the

youth

apartment

building,

4._________

（see）

positive

changes

in

her

own

life

since

“farming”

and

other

social

activities

were

introduced

to

the

rooftop

of

it.

5.____________（additional）,

the

experience

of

tending

the

gardens

allows

her

6._________

（make）

friends

and

get

to

know

others

who

either

live

in

the

building

or

visit

from

outside.

The

rooftop

heaven

covers

a

total

area

of

450

square

meters

and

consists

7.___

a

sightseeing

zone,

a

shaded

leisure

area

as

well

as

the

urban

farming

section.“There's

space

to

exercise,

like

doing

yoga

at

has

seenAdditionallyto

makeofthe

leisure

zone,

and

then

to

walk

over

to

check

the

vegetables,”

says

Xie

Jing,

an

architect

8._________

undertook

the

project.

Nowadays,

it

is

suggested

that

a

social

life

that

aims

to

promote

environmental

protection

and

personal

health

9._____________________

（seek）

by

urban

residents,

which

is

good

news

for

sustainability

and

community

activity

development.

If

people

stick

to

a

green

life,

our

planet

10.____________

（become）

a

better

place

in

the

future.who/that（should）

be

soughtwill

becomea[解析]

考查冠词。句意：最近，深圳市中心一栋青年公寓的居民种下了种子，形成了一种独特的城市生活方式。空后lifestyle为可数名词，且此处泛指“一种生活方式”，应用不定冠词，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。2.

____________be

accessed[解析]

考查谓语动词的语态。此处which指代前文的their

own

land，与access之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词can，故填be

accessed。1.___communicating[解析]

考查非谓语动词。此处可看作while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式“while

（they

are）

communicating

with

other

renters

and

taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city”，其中communicating

with

other

renters和taking

in

the

skyline

of

the

city为并列关系，故填communicating。4.

_________has

seen[解析]

考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自从“种植”和其他社交活动在公寓顶楼开始以来，青年公寓楼的建设者Huang

Suyun已经看到了自己生活的积极改变。Huang

Suyun为主语，表示单数意义，根据后文的since...it可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has

seen。3._______________Additionally[解析]

考查副词。置于句首，修饰整个句子使用副词形式，故填Additionally。注意：首字母大写。6.

_________to

make[解析]

考查非谓语动词。固定搭配allow

sb.

to

do

sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to

make。7.

___of[解析]

考查介词。固定搭配consist

of意为“由……构成”。8.

_________who/that[解析]

考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为Xie

Jing，指人，定语从句缺少主语，故填who或that。5.____________（should）

be

sought[解析]

考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。此处为固定句型：it

is

suggested

that+主语+（should）

do。从句的主语a

social

life与seek构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填

（should）

be

sought。10.

____________will

become[解析]

考查时态。根据主句中的时间状语in

the

future可知此处表将来，故填will

become。9._____________________B

We

live

in

a

vast,

complex

world,

1._______

new

species

are

being

discovered

all

the

time.

Yet

even

as

these

2.________（exist）

creatures

are

being

discovered,

the

increasing

human

population,

climate

change,

habitat

destruction,

hunting

and

the

over-exploitation

of

wildlife

mean

countless

numbers

of

animals

3._________________（push）

currently

to

the

edge

of

extinction.Without

the

factors,

many

rare

animals

4.________________________________（continue）

living

at

present.whereexistingare

being

pushedshould/would/could/might

continue

Scientists

5._______________

（estimate）

so

far

that

over

the

course

of

Earth's

history,

anywhere

between

1

and

4

billion

species

have

existed.

The

natural

extinction

rate

describes

how

fast

plants,

mammals,

birds

and

insects

6.___________（die）

off

if

humans

weren't

in

the

picture.

It

is

estimated

that

today

species

are

disappearing

at

almost

1,000

times

the

natural

rate,

which

7._______（mean）

we're

losing

around

150-200

species

every

single

day.would

diemeanshaveestimated

Choosing

animals

which

are

likely

to

go

extinct

before

your

children

have

the

opportunity

8._______（see）

them

is

a

discouraging

task.

By

only

picking

10,

we

have

to

leave

out

countless

other

animals

that

are

facing

similar

depressing

circumstances.

9._____

millions

of

other

species,

many

never

known

to

science,

are

also

likely

to

die

out

in

the

coming

decades.Thus,

it

is

high

time

that

immediate

measures

10.___________________________（take）to

prevent

such

a

thing

from

happening.to

seeButshould

be

taken/were

takenwhere[解析]

考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，world为先行词，后接非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。2.

________existing[解析]

考查形容词。形容词作名词creatures的定语，existing表示“现存的”。1._______3.

_________________[解析]

考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，mean后接宾语从句，从句的主语countless

numbers

of

animals表示复数意义，与动词push构成被动关系。根据状语currently可知应用现在进行时，故填are

being

pushed。4.

________________________________should/would/could/might

continue[解析]

考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有这些因素，很多稀有动物现在会继续存在。根据时间状语at

present可知此处是对现在的虚拟，故填should/would/could/might

continue。arebeingpushedhave

estimated[解析]

考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主句的主语Scientists表示复数意义，与动词estimate构成主动关系；根据时间状语so

far可知此处应用现在完成时。故填have

estimated。6.

___________would

die[解析]

考查虚拟语气。根据后文if

humans

weren't

in

the

picture可知此处用虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟，故填would

die。5._______________means[解析]

考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，从句的主语which指代前面的内容，表示单数意义，谓语动词应用单数形式；根据上下文时态可知用一般现在时。故填means。8.

_______to

see[解析]

考查非谓语动词。have

the

opportunity

to

do

sth.有做某事的机会。7._______But[解析]

考查连词。句意：但数以百万计的其他物种，即许多科学界从未知道过的物种，也可能在未来几十年灭绝。设空处前后为转折关系，句首单词首字母大写，故填But。10.

___________________________should

be

taken/were

taken[解析]

考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。句意：因此，现在应该立即采取措施防止这样的事情发生。此处为固定句型：it

is

high

time

that+主语+should+动词原形/动词的过去式。从句的主语immediate

measures与动词take构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填should

be

taken或were

taken。9._____Ⅰ.用虚拟语气升级下列句子1.

I

am

not

in

Beijing

now,

so

I

can't

accompany

you

to

the

bookstore.→If

I

were

in

Beijing

now，_______________________________________________.I

would

accompany

you

to

the

bookstore2.

I

didn't

sign

up

for

the

English

contest,

so

I

missed

the

chance

to

improve

my

oral

English.→If

I

had

signed

up

for

the

English

contest,

____________________________________________________________.I

wouldn't

have

missed

the

chance

to

improve

my

oral

English语法链接写作3.

It

is

time

for

human

beings

to

take

proper

measures

to

keep

the

balance

of

nature.→It

is

high

time

that

human

beings

________________________________________

to

keep

the

balance

of

nature.took/should

take

proper

measures4.

Thanks

to

your

help,

I

have

improved

my

oral

English

rapidly.→But

for

your

help,

________________________________________________.I

couldn't

have

improved

my

oral

English

rapidly5.

I

wish

I

had

read

and

replied

to

your

e-mail

as

soon

as

I

received

it！→If

only_______________________________________________________________!I

had

read

and

replied

to

your

e-mail

as

soon

as

I

received

it1.

（2023·全国乙卷）But

for

that

unforgettable

experience,

________________________________________________________________________（我就不会意识到耐心和坚持的重要性）.I

wouldn't/couldn't

have

realized

the

importance

of

patience

and

persistence2.

（2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）“If

you

hadn't

encouraged

me,

______________________________________（我是不会参加赛跑的），”

he

said.I

wouldn't

have

taken

part

in

the

race3.

（2022·全国乙卷）It's

ur