决战阅读之说明文-理念阐述类2 精讲课件（强化篇）

(高中说明文)理念阐述2决战阅读之巅

培养快速理清篇章结构，抓取文章大意的能力；运用说明文体裁分析，规范阅读理解的解题步骤；学会使用“脱衣服”大法分析长难句；积累与理念阐述类说明文相关的主题词汇。真题讲解示例22020全国卷III

DPART3123(2020全国卷IIID)题目见讲义①

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”④

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.摘要一般特殊型

说明文引言正文Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.Ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwaterlongerthanuslocalislanders.MelissaIlardowonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristics.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?6.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?7.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?快速通读文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所对应的题目。TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.MindMap2020全国ⅢD说明对象分析说明对象实例Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.看法Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.InadditiontothecenturiesofdivingleadingtotheevolutionoftheBajau,Dr.IlardothoughtothergenesmighthelptheBajaudive.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.题目速览Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.5WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. Nearrivers. Onthebeach. Offthecoast.67WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaHighlanders’SurvivalSkillsBasicMethodsofGeneticResearchTheWorld’sBestDivers 8推理判断题细节理解题细节理解题主旨大意题拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）推理判断题5STEP1：标关键词题干定位说明对象STEP2：定位信息段Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.①Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

examplesofhumanevolution技巧点拨：同词、同义复现答案指向句分析参考译文theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutionAsscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes时间状语时间状语从句1injustthepastfewthousandyears2233当科学家深入研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子。1.寻找解锁钥匙---主句谓语动词2.找主干，去枝叶Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.1拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）细节理解题6STEP1：标关键词题干定位

分析说明对象STEP2：定位信息段WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

技巧点拨：同词复现incoastalwaters拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）细节理解题7STEP1：标关键词WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.

Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.

Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.

Theylivedonbothlandandwater.STEP2：定位信息段题干定位分析说明对象Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.

③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

技巧点拨：同义、同词复现stayunderwateramazedlonger拆解：说明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意题8STEP1：标关键词STEP2：定位信息段Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea B.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.

BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch D.TheWorld’sBestDivers题干定位分析说明对象Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwatersInadditiontothecenturiesofdivingleadingtotheevolutionoftheBajau,Dr.IlardothoughtothergenesmighthelptheBajaudive.②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”④In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

技巧点拨：关注标题是否准确概括本文主旨回顾Q5Q6Q7Q8Tip1:

阅读理解满分还在于____________的理解。Tip2:

长难句分析可以采用_________________：①_________________________________________________________;②_________________________________________________________;③_________________________________________________________。Tip3:

善于比较_______________________________。

SUMMARY长难句脱衣服大法去枝叶留主干，去掉定语、状语、同位语、插入语等找主干，括从句，弄懂主干汉语意思依次还原枝叶，得到完整句意文中长难句与选项的关系词汇梳理：同义/近义复现①

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.examplesofhumanevolutionWhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.5词汇梳理：同义/近义复现②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.6incoastalwaters词汇梳理：同义/近义复现③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”amazedWhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.7词汇梳理：同义/近义复现②OnThu