专题12阅读理解之细节题解题方法-2021年高考英语题型大冲关

高考阅读理解专题一细节题解题方法高考阅读理解专题一细节题解题方法知识导图知识导图要要点精析（一）、题型概述细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，一般包括：1．直接理解题——在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。2．间接信息题——需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理方能得出结论。3．数字计算题——文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。4．排列顺序题——根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。5．图表、图画题——有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，它们的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含与文章内容相关的信息。（二）、选项特点1．正确选项的特点(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，变成正确选项。(2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，变成正确选项。(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达，变成正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。2．干扰项的特点(1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换掉，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。(2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。(3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。(4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所述细节却与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。(5)文不对题。这类选项最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确实属于原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。(6)符合常识，但不是文章内容。(7)部分正确，部分错误。（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题1．首先弄清题干和每个选项的含义，带着问题去阅读，做到有的放矢。通常来说，只要仔细阅读，此类问题的答案都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字和语段来验证。2．按照题目的要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。有的题目只要抓住文章的某处信息，即可找到正确答案；有的则需要综合文章多处信息加以分析，才能找到正确答案。3．要注意题目和文章的关键词的暗示作用。忽略了它们的暗示作用，就失去了解题的钥匙。如forexample，suchas的例证作用；thatis，inotherwords的解释作用；however，but的转折作用等。4．运用文章的过渡词找到解决问题的突破口。过渡词能够表达各种语意关系，可以借助它们弄清事件的来龙去脉。更重要的是，这些过渡词绝大多数与细节性的问题有着密切的联系，问题的答案往往是用表达各种语意关系的过渡词来引出的。5．注意文中和题干中设计的“陷阱”，不要被表面信息所迷惑。另外，有些题目的设置采用反向思维，题干中含有not或except等否定词，对此要特别小心，以免上当。（四）、命题方式1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2．判断是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue/false或EXCEPT等词的判断是非的问题。要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。如TheteacherusedTinkertoysinorderto.（五）、技法点拨1．直接信息题——题干定位法细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。题干定位法eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。,运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题,相关的信息。,仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定,正确选项。))【典例剖析】“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthegoaheadtostartpiecingtogethertheponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthoseponentsareontheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.72.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat________. A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttime C.theyhadnoreadymadeponentsD.theycouldnotassembletheponents答案C解析细节理解题。细节信息题。由关键词difficulty定位至第二段最后一句话“The

added

difficulty

with

a

project

like

this

is

that

actually

none

of

those

ponents

are

off

shelf

and

so

we

have

to

develop

them

all

on

our

own.”意为这个项目的困难实际上在于所需的元件都没有现成的，需要我们自己开发。on

the

shelf（现货供应）与readymade（现成的）同义。因此，正确答案为C。2．间接信息题——断章取义法间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。断章取义法eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词,句等信息。,仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳,的答案。,准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息,相关的同义词、近义词或反义词。))【典例剖析】Everyyearsince1818,thepeopleofZurich,Switzerland,celebratethebeginningofspringbyblowingupasnowman.OnthethirdMondayofApril,theholidaySechselauteniskickedoffwhenacottonsnowmancalledtheBӧӧggisstuffedwithexplosiveandparadedthroughtownbybakersandothertradesmenwhothrowbreadtothecrowds.68.InZurich,theblowingupoftheBӧӧggsymbolizes__________________.A.thestartoftheparade B.theingofalongersummerC.thepassingofthewinter D.thesuccessoftradesmen答案C解析细节理解题。根据本段“hepeopleofZurich,Switzerland,celebratethebeginningofspringbyblowingupasnowman.”可知，答案C用thepassingofthewinter同义表达thebeginningofspring3．排序题——首尾排除法这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。【典例剖析】Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy，nine，restartedherfatherColm’sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy’smother，Debbie，immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather，sodecidedtouseCPR.However，shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren’tstrongenough，soshestampedonherfather’schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestpressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy，whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool，said：“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn’tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”40．What’stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm’sheartstopped.A．③①②④ B．④②③①C．③④②① D．④③①②答案C解析事件排序题。根据文章的叙述可知，女孩以前就学会了CPR，在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩想要在救护车到来前对父亲进行急救，却发现自己的手臂力气不够用，才采用踩父亲胸部的方式。故选C。4．数字计算题——查读分析法此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。【典例剖析】Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now，thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours，theywouldearnasmuchas￡172,000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo，aswellasthehourstheyareworking，todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyine￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.38．HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A．￡30,000. B．￡142,000.C．￡172,000. D．￡202,000.答案B解析数字计算题。根据文中的“...theywouldearnasmuchas￡172,000ayear.”以及“Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyine￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.”可知，总理的工资是￡172000－￡30000＝￡142000。故选择B。课堂典例课堂典例1．直接信息题——题干定位法【节选片段】RosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1995，inMontgomery，Alabama，RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear，andkickedoffthecivil­rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas，wastiredofgivingin，”saidParks.23．Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil­rightsmovementintheU．S.?A．JaneAddams. B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO’Connor. D．RosaParks.答案D解析细节理解题。此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。首先根据题干中的“civil­rights”可将答案锁定在“RosaParks”一栏中；根据本段中的“HersimpleactlandedParksinprison...andkickedoffthecivil­rightsmovement.”可知，RosaParks推动了美国民权运动，故D正确。2．间接信息题——断章取义法【节选片段】Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud，beforetheteacherandotherchildren，sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword，theyaregoingtomakeamistake，rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth­gradeclassesforfouryears，Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks，andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.41．Accordingtothepassage，children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom.A．readinglittleandthinkinglittleB．readingoftenandadventurouslyC．beingmadetoreadtoomuchD．beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers答案D解析细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，孩子们害怕或者不喜欢读书是因为。根据本段第二、三句“Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud，beforetheteacherandotherchildren，sothatwecanbesurethey‘know’allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword，theyaregoingtomakeamistake，rightinfrontofeveryone.”可知孩子们被要求当众大声朗读，当他们不认识单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面前犯错，这会让他们害怕。此题没有直接答案而是用一种同义表达的形式提示答案。3．排序题——首尾排除法【节选片段】Inmanycountriesoftheworld,peoplecanconfidentlytellyouthemeaningoftheirtownorcity,butmostpeoplewholiveinManchester,OxfordorBirminghamwouldnotbeabletoexplainwhatthenameoftheircitymeans.ThenameofeveryBritishtownandcity,however,hasalonghistory.Twothousandyearsago,mostpeoplelivinginBritainwereCelts........ThisiswhytherearesomanyplacenamesinEnglandwhichendin“chester”or“caster”–Manchester,forexample...........TheRomansneverreachedWalesorScotland,andmanyplacenamesthereareCeltic.........AftertheRomansleftBritain,itwasattackedbytribescalledtheAngloSaxonswhowerefromtheareaofEuropethatisnowGermanyandHolland............Twelvehundredyearsago,theVikingscametoEnglandfromScandinavia.TheytradedwiththeAngloSaxonsbutlivedintheirownvillages.........Finally,in1066,EnglandbecameNorman–theNormansgaveustheplacename“grange”,whichmeansfarm..........58.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthearrivalofinhabitantsinBritain?A.TheCelts–TheRomans–TheVikings–TheNormans–TheAngloSaxonsB.TheRomans–TheCelts–TheVikings–TheAngloSaxons–TheNormansC.TheCelts–TheRomans–TheAngloSaxons–TheVikings–TheNormansD.TheRomans–TheAngloSaxons–TheCelts–TheNormans–TheVikings答案C解析事件排序题。通读全文，根据文章的叙述可知，特别每段开头，得出英国原居民的居住先后次序为TheCelts–TheRomans–TheAngloSaxons–TheVikings–TheNormans故选C。4．数字计算题——查读分析法【节选片段】OfferLimitedto40perhousehold2020AmericanSilverEagleCoinYourcost14Coins$38.95each+s/h59Coins$38.45each+s/h1019Coins$37.95each+s/h2040Coins$37.45each+s/hNote:$10s/(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchaseForfastestservice,calltollfree24hoursadafferCodeASE17704Pleasementionthiscodewhenyoucall. Ifyoubuysix2012U.S.MintSilverEaglesbypost,youshouldpayatleast________.A.230.7 B.233.7 C.240.7 D.243.7答案C解析细节理解题。根据文中图片旁边的内容“5­9Coins$38.45...”和图片下面的Note：$10s/h(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchase。可知，你应该付费：6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。故选C项。实战演练实战演练(A)JackLondon,oneofAmerica’smajorwritersofadventuretales,wasborninCaliforniain1876.Duringhislife,Londonworkedatmanyjobs.Hisbroadlifeexperienceswouldbeethebackgroundforhiswriting.Londonlovedtoread.Asateenager,hespentmanyhourseducatinghimselfattheOakland,California,publiclibrary.HeattendedcollegeattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,buthestayedforonlysixmonths.HethoughtBerkeleywas“notlivelyenough”andwantedtodosomethingmoreexciting.Londonwrotestoriesaboutworkingpeopleandthehardtimestheyhadmakingaliving.Heknewtheirproblemsfirsthand.Heworkedasasailor,farmer,factoryemployee,railroadworker,andgoldprospector,tonamejustafewofhismanyjobs.LondongrewupnearthewaterfrontinOakland.Helovedthewater.Whenhewasfifteenyearsold,heboughtasmallsailboatcalledasloop.LaterhesailedtoJapanonaschooner,whichisamuchlargersailingboat.Likemanypeopleofthetime,LondoncaughttheKlondikeGoldRushFever.Inl897,heheadedforAlaska.Hedidn’tfindgold,buthediscoveredsomethingevenmorevaluable.Hediscoveredthatpeopleenjoyedlisteningtothestorieshemadeupwithhisvividimagination.Londonentertainedtheminerswithstoryafterstory.Later,usinghisexperiencesduringtheGoldRush,hecreatedmanymorecolorfulstories.Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor(流星),everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.”Eachday,hepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.Ineighteenyears,thewriterpublishedfiftyonebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebestsellingandhighestpaidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon’senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels.1.WhywasJackLondonabletowriteonmanytopics?A.Hepushedhimselftoreachgoals.B.Hehadavarietyofexperiencesandjobs.C.HewasdrawntotheKlondikeGoldRush.D.Hewasthebestsellingandhighestpaidauthor.2.WhatpreventedJackLondonfromfinishingcollege?A.ThathewashiredtosailtoJapan.B.ThathetraveledtoAlaskain1897.C.Thathespentmuchofhistimewriting.D.Thathewasnotinterestedincollegelifeenough.3.TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon______.A.isexpertatuniverse B.aimshighandstrivestosucceedC.isexcitedaboutlifeinthewildness D.facesachoicebetweenlifeanddeath4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TosupportthestatementthatLondonwasthe“bestwriter”.B.TodescribelifeduringtheKlondikeGoldRush.C.ToprovideinformationonJackLondon’slife.D.ToidentifybookswrittenbyJackLondon.答案：BDBC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了杰克·伦敦，一位美国作家，畅销小说"CalloftheWild"(野性的呼唤)及"WhiteFang"(白牙)的作者，他也是名记者及社会运动家，支持社会主义及工会的建立。他有一句格言：人生不只是握有一副好牌，有时候也要把一副坏牌打好。​​​​​​​【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Duringhislife,Londonworkedatmanyjobs.Hisbroadlifeexperienceswouldbeethebackgroundforhiswriting.得知，杰克·伦敦能写出很多话题是因为他有很多工作和很丰富的人生经历。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段HeattendedcollegeattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,buthestayedforonlysixmonths.HethoughtBerkeleywas“notlivelyenough”andwantedtodosomethingmoreexciting.得知，杰克·伦敦没有完成加州大学的学业，因为他认为这个大学生活不是那么有趣。故选D。【3题详解】句意猜测题。根据画线句后的Eachday,hepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.得知，杰克·伦敦目标远大，一旦他下定决心，就全力以赴。画线句是“宁化飞灰不作浮尘”的意思。

故选B。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据全文得知，本文介绍了美国作家杰克·伦敦的人生经历。故选C。(B)GrayLineDiscoverBrisbaneandsurroundswithGrayLineBrisbane.Theirwiderangeoftoursinairconditionedcoaches,binedwiththeguide'sexpertknowledge,ensuresadaytoremember.AdultConcessionChild$69$67$45BrisbaneCityMorningTour(tourB481)Departs:daily9:00am.Returns:11:45am.Discoverthisvibrantcitywithitscharmingarchitecture,colonialhistoryandenjoythesweepingviewsofthecityandBrisbaneRiverfromKangarooPointCliffs.CathedralSquareParliamentHouseWindmillAnzacSquareCityHallChinatownCaptainCookandStoryBridgeBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaAdultConcessionChild$76$74$54(tourB492)Departs:daily1:15pm.Returns:5:00pm.TourthehighlightsofBrisbaneandtraveltoLonePineKoalaSanctuarysituatedonthebanksoftheBrisbaneRiverforachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththeanimals.●QueenStreetMallSouthbankAnzacSquareSuncorpStadiumBrewery●LonePineKoalaSanctuaryandpresentationMtCoothaLookoutAdultConcessionChild$111$106$72SunshineCoastandNoosa(tourB464)Departs:Monday,Wednesday,FridayandSunday8:45amReturns:5:30pm.TheSunshineCoastisrenownedforitsmagnificentseaside,sophisticatedlifestyle,diningexperienceandshopping.AlsoincludesavisittoUnderwaterWorldandadriveEumundi,famousforitshistoricbuildingsandscenicbeauty.NoosaHeadsMooloolabaUnderwaterWorldEttamogahPubAdultConcessionChild$107$102$67SunshineCoastandMontrille(tourB410)Departs:Tuesday,ThursdayandSaturday8:45am.Returns:5:30pm.ThistourtakesyouthroughtherickheritageofthespectacularSunshineCoasthinterlandwithvisitstoMontvillefamousforitscraftshopsandrestaurants,andMooloolaba.hometoUnderwaterworldGingerFactorySuperbeeMontvilleVillageMooloolabaPricesincludesfullyairconditionedtouring,entryfeesandCBDhotelpickup.Childpolicy:under4yearsfreeofcharge,414years—asquotedabove.Exclusiondate25/12/16(forotherdatespleasecheckwithyourconsultant).5.Ifyouwishtopletetwotoursinoneday,youwouldprobablychoose__________.A.SunshineCoastandMontvilleTourandBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuaryTourB.BrisbaneCityMorningTourandBrisbaneHighlightswithKoalaSanctuaryTourC.BrisbaneCityMorningTourandSunshineCoastandNoosaTourD.SunshineCoastandNoosaTourandSunshineCoastandMontvilleTour6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.VisitorsmaylearnthecolonialhistoryofBrisbaneRiverfromKangarooPointCliffs.B.VisitorsmayhaveacloselookatanimalsinSunshineCoastandNoosaTour.C.IfyouwanttovisitUnderwaterWorld,youmaychooseBrisbaneCityMorningTour.D.If2adultsand2children,aged3and9,attendtourB410,theyshouldpay$281.7.Whatisthetoneofthistourguideinformationbooklet?A.Welingandhumorous. B.Warmandinviting.C.Modestandinitiative. D.Casualandpulsory.答案：BDB 【解析】本篇文章是一则旅行指南，文章主要描写了去布里斯班的四种旅行计划，分别描述了四个计划的主题、航班、出发和回归时间、票价、景点和旅游路线等5.

解析：B，细节题。在一天之内完成两次旅行，我们只要注意旅行路线的出发和回归时间就好，因此，第一班和第二班的时间分别是上午9:00点出发，上午11:45回来，下午1:15出发，5:00回来，符合题意，因此选B。6.

解析：D。正误判断题。A选项，要知道布里斯班的殖民地历史，应该是第一个旅行计划；B选项，看动物应该是第二个计划；C选项，参观水下世界，应该是第三个计划；D选项，两个成人107乘以2，再加上一个4岁以上的儿童票，总价281；因此选D。7.

解析：B，通读全篇文章，不难理解该旅行指南类文章的语气，选B，此题较简单。(C)Depressionhurts,ProzaccanhelpDepressionisn’tjustfeelingdown.It’sarealillnesswithrealcauses.Depressioncanbetriggeredbystressfullifeevents,likedivorceoradeathinthefamily.Oritcanappearsuddenly,fornoapparentreason.Somepeoplethinkyoucanjustwillyourselfoutofadepression.That’snottrue.Manydoctorsbelievethatonethingthatmaycausedepressionisanimbalanceofserotonin—achemicalinyourbody.Ifthishappens,youmayhavetroublesleeping.Feelunusuallysadorirritableeasily.Findithardtoconcentrate.Loseyourappetite.Lackenergy.Orhavetroublefeelingpleasure.Thesearesomeofthesymptomsthatcanpointtodepression—especiallyiftheylastformorethanacoupleofweeksandifnormal,everydaylifefeelsliketoomuchtohandle. Tohelpfightdepression,themedicinedoctorsnowprescribe(开处方)mostoftenisProzac.Prozacisn’ta“happypill.”It’snotatranquilizer(镇静剂).Itwon’tturnyouintoadifferentperson. Somepeopledoexperiencemildsideeffects,likeupsetstomach,headaches,difficultysleeping,sleepiness,anxietyandnervousness.Thesetendtogoawaywithinafewweeksofstartingtreatment,andusuallyaren’tseriousenoughtomakemostpeoplestoptakingit.However,ifyouareconcernedaboutasideeffect,orifyoudeveloparash(皮疹),tellyourdoctorrightaway.Anddon’tforgettotellyourdoctoranyothermedicinesyouaretaking.SomepeopleshouldnottakeProzac,especiallypeopleonMAOinhibitors(单胺抑制剂). Asyoustartfeelingbetter,yourdoctorcansuggesttherapyorothermeanstohelpyouworkthroughyourdepression.Prozachasbeencarefullystudiedfornearly10years.Butremember,Prozacisaprescriptionmedicine,anditisn’trightforeveryone.OnlyyourdoctorcandecideifProzacisrightforyou—orforsomeoneyoulove.Prozachasbeenprescribedformorethan17millionAmericans.Chancesaresomeoneyouknowisfeelingsunnyagainbecauseofit.8.AllthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT__________.A.Itiseasytogetridofdepressionthroughtremendousdetermination.B.Sleepdisorderischaracteristicofdepressionsymptoms.C.Depressioncanbecausedbyabinationoffactors.D.Depressionisapsychologicalstatetakingtheformoflowmood.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutProzacfromthispieceofinformation?A.Prozacisanewlydevelopeddrugtotreatdepression.B.PatientswhotakeProzaccanexperienceseveresideeffects.C.AmedicalprescriptionisnecessaryforProzac.D.Over17millionAmericanshavebeencuredbyProzac.10.Thispieceofinformationismostprobably__________.A.anintroductiontoascientificprojectB.apartofprescriptiondruginstructionsC.apartofaresearchreportinamedicaljournalD.anadvertisementofamedicinefordepression【答案】ACD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以帮助对抗抑郁症的处方药——百忧解。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Somepeoplethinkyoucanjustwillyourselfoutofadepression.That’snottrue.Manydoctorsbelievethatonethingthatmaycausedepressionisanimbalanceofserotoninachemicalinyourbody.Ifthishappens,youmayhavetroublesleeping.Feelunusuallysadorirritableeasily.Findithardtoconcentrate.Loseyourappetite.Lackenergy.Orhavetroublefeelingpleasure.Thesearesomeofthesymptomsthatcanpointtodepression”可知，有些人认为你可以让自己走出抑郁，那不是真的，许多医生认为，有一件事可能会导致抑郁，那就是体内的化学物质5羟色胺不平衡，如果发生这种情况，你可能会失眠、容易感到异常悲伤或易怒、很难集中注意力、没有食欲、缺乏活力、或者感觉不到快乐，这些症状可能会导致抑郁，因此，“通过巨大的决心很容易摆脱抑郁”这一说法是错误的，故A项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tohelpfightdepression,themedicinedoctorsnowprescribe（开处方）mostoftenisProzac.”可知，为了对抗抑郁，医生现在最常开的药是百忧解，也就是说百忧解需要开医疗处方，故C项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文特别是根据标题“Depressionhurts,Prozaccanhelp”可知，本文主要介绍的是一种可以帮助对抗抑郁的处方药——百忧解，因此文章最有可能是抑郁症药物的广告，故D项正确。DThesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhighcholesteroltakeawaysandmicrowavedreadymeals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbeetheheartofthemodernhouse,whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21stcenturyhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry'sfilmindustry.IntheyeartoAugust2007,IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide.Theaveragebudgetfora"major"kitchenoverhaulin2006,calculatesRemodelingmagazine,wasastaggering$54,000,evena"minor"improvementcostonaverage$18,000.Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen:Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustommadekitchens,offersaGeorgianstyle.onewhichwouldcost£145,000155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:"Youwon'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheword."Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantsforthemodemfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces,generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackofthehouse,asfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:kitchenswereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecameanatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher,sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.InAmericanhuman'sHome、publishedin1869,theBeechersistersremendedascientificapproachtouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman'sworkandpromoteorder.ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican,ChrisFrederick,whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Her1919work,HouseEngineering:ScientificManagementintheHome,wasbasedondetailedobservationofawife'sdailyroutine.SheborrowedthePrincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorandappliedmystictasksonthekitchenfloor.Frederick'scentralidea,that"stove,sinkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucharelationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely".Inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designedinthe1920sbyMangare