备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 完形填空4　说明文和议论文（含解析）

文体分类练(四)说明文和议论文Passage1主题:电动汽车加油中心的新构想词数:230难度:★★★☆☆JeffreyLee,aMizzouarchitecturalstudiesgraduatewhoformedLevelStudioin2021,justgavethechanginginfrastructureprojectaninjectionofnewenergy.WithLevelStudio1ChristopherTaurmandLexiWhite,Leeputforwardtheelectricvehicle(EV)chargingstationconcept,ElectricOasiswhichwonthe2023ForgePrize.2steelastheprimarybuildingmaterial,thedesignreimaginesexistinggasstationsascharging3forelectricvehicles.

Withthe4fromgas-poweredvehicles—thegoalistohaveEVs5atleast50%ofnewcarsalesby2030—conventionalgasstationscouldbeput6.Buthalfofgasstationsareonpetroleum-pollutedlandthatrequiresstrict7.Thestudio’sdesignfeatures“tree-like”steelcanopies(顶篷)that8intotheirfoundationaninnovativesystemthatremovesethanol(乙醇)pollution.

Theconceptalsoaddressesthe9EVchargingprocess.Fillingatankofgasusuallytakesaround2to5minutes,whilethetimerequiredforanEVtoreacha10chargecantakeupto4.5hours.“Oursolutionwastocreatemorespaces,to11thegasstationintosomethingthat’smoreofadestination,”Leesays.Intheirdesignit’snot12achargingstation.“Whatdoesthecommunityneed?Canthesespacesalso13them?”“Thedesignisflexible,soitcanbe14todifferentsites.”

Fornow,theteamispursuingleadsandis15topartneringwithinterestedcompaniesordevelopmentteamstoputtheirElectricOasisdesignintopractice.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名密苏里大学建筑学专业毕业生将现有加油站重新构想与气动汽车的充电中心的创新想法。1.A.applicants B.co-foundersC.friends D.physicians答案B解析根据文章第一句可判断出LevelStudio是一个建筑学专业毕业生创建的工作室,再结合上下文语境可推出,此处是说,与LevelStudio的联合创始人ChristopherTaurm和LexiWhite一起,Lee提出了电动汽车(EV)充电站概念ElectricOasis,赢得了2023年的Forge奖。2.A.Employing B.UndertakingC.Instructing D.Deciding答案A解析此处是说,该设计采用钢铁为主要建筑材料。employ运用,使用;undertake承担,从事;instruct指示,命令;decide决定。3.A.approaches B.privilegesC.inventions D.destinations答案D解析根据第三段中的“Oursolutionwastocreatemorespaces,tothegasstationintosomethingthat’smoreofadestination”可推出,此处是说,该设计将现有的加油站重新构想为电动汽车充电的目的地。

4.A.angle B.purposeC.shift D.boundary答案C解析由语境及生活常识可知,此处是说,随着从汽油动力汽车向电动汽车的转变——目标是到2030年让电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%——传统加油站可能会停业关闭。angle角度;purpose目的;shift转移,变换;boundary边界,界限。5.A.riseto B.makeupC.takedown D.cutdown答案B解析makeup组成,构成;riseto上升到;takedown拆除,写下;cutdown砍倒,削减。6.A.ataloss B.outofdateC.outofbusiness D.atrisk答案C解析ataloss不知所措;outofdate过时;outofbusiness关闭;atrisk有危险。7.A.coverage B.restorationC.innovation D.distribution答案B解析本句中的“petroleum-pollutedland”说明加油站所在的土地是受污染的,因此推断出改造成充电站时需要修复。coverage新闻报道,涉及;restoration修复;innovation创新;distribution分布,分配。8.A.integrate B.changeC.force D.shrink答案A解析句意:该工作室的设计以“树状”钢顶篷为特色,该顶篷将消除乙醇污染的创新系统集成到其地基中。integrate使成为一体;shrink(使)缩小。9.A.lengthy B.delicateC.rough D.smooth答案A解析后面一句提到加满一箱油通常需要2~5分钟左右,电动汽车充满电则需4.5小时,由此推断出电动汽车充电是一个漫长的过程。lengthy漫长的,冗长的;delicate脆弱的,精致的。10.A.rich B.full C.steady D.typical答案B解析与本句前半部分中的“Fillingatankofgas”呼应,此处应表示“充满电”。full满的。11.A.put B.divideC.translate D.transform答案D解析我们的解决方案是创造更多的空间,把加油站改造成一个更像目的地的地方。o把……改造成。12.A.necessarily B.casuallyC.merely D.slightly答案C解析根据后面一句话可知,他们希望所设计的充电站能够同时满足社区的一些其他需求,由此推断出这不仅仅是充电站。merely仅仅;necessarily必然地;casually漫不经心地;slightly略微。13.A.ignore B.serve C.hold D.please答案B解析根据语境判断,他们考虑了社区的需求,希望充电站能够满足这些需求。serve能满足……的需要。14.A.reformed B.justifiedC.committed D.adapted答案D解析根据空前的“flexible”可以推断,他们的设计能适应不同地点。adapt适应;reform改革;justify为……辩护;commit犯(罪、错),承诺。15.A.accustomed B.addictedC.equal D.open答案D解析由空后的“partneringwithinterestedcompaniesordevelopmentteamstoputtheirElectricOasisdesignintopractice”可知,该团队目前愿意与感兴趣的公司或开发团队合作。Passage2主题:乌鸦研究新发现词数:225难度:★★★☆☆Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad16cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand17plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe18birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows19us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t20tothem.Butwhenthe21humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“22”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir23!

“Crowsareconstantly24us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou,25thesituation.”

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted26tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad27fromoneanother.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand28thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir29.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’30work.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。16.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff答案B解析由上文“Wearingacavemanmask”可知,此处指戴上面具。17.A.dropped B.steppedC.pressed D.tied答案D解析由下文“thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbanded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。18.A.unhappy B.beautifulC.black D.rare答案A解析由上文“caughtcrows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。19.A.hate B.attackC.recognize D.contact答案C解析由下文“thecrowsscoldedloudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具,在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后他们再戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦能认出他们。20.A.wave B.reactC.reply D.turn答案B解析由下文“tothem”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。reactto固定搭配,意为“对……作出反应”。21.A.friendly B.unkindC.different D.same答案D解析由下文“humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。22.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers答案A解析由上文“thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。23.A.clothes B.facesC.organs D.figures答案B解析由下文“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou”可知,乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。24.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating答案C解析由下文“Theylook”可知,乌鸦一直在观察他们。25.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worsening答案A解析由上文“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou”和下文“thesituation”可知,乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势,去攻击他们。26.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly答案D解析由下文“Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem”可知,乌鸦攻击他们,对他们产生有威胁性的行为。27.A.resulted B.heardC.learned D.benefited答案C解析由下文“passthisinformation”可知,乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息。28.A.promised B.identifiedC.denied D.clarified答案B解析由上下文可知,Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。29.A.young B.neighborC.partners D.opponents答案A解析由上文“adultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir”可知,成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。30.A.wings B.noses C.legs D.brains答案D解析由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知,Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。Passage3(2024江西九江三模)主题:出色的能力源于严格练习词数:249难度:★★★☆☆Ifyouwanttostandout,10,000hoursoftrainingwilltakeyoumuchfurtherthanyournaturalabilities.Mozartisconsideredbymanyasthegreatestcomposerwhoeverlived.Traditionally,manypeople31outstandingachievementslikeMozart’sareduetotalent,oreveninborninspirationor32.

Thisassumptionholdsespeciallytrueforchildprodigies(神童)likeMozartwhosemusictalent33theworldattheageofsix.Butlookingmore34atthisphenomenon,wefindthattheseindividualsactuallyhadtopracticecountlesshoursbeforeshowingtheir35remarkabletalent.Infact,scientistsindicatethataprodigy’strainingtypically36ataveryearlyage,withmassivetimeinvestedinpractice.

Forexample,whenthesix-year-oldMozarttouredEuropeto37hisbrilliantpianoskills,hehadalready383,500hoursofmusicaltraining.Ifyoucomparethistootherpianistswhohavepracticedforaslong,Mozart’s39wasn’tallthatexceptional.Itseemsthatoutstandingabilitiescomefromintensivestrictpractice40naturaltalents.Astudyshowstheonlyfactordirectly41thestudents’levelofachievementwastheamountofseriouspracticetime:themost42performershadpracticedforanaverageof10,000hours,whiletheleastskilledhadonly4,000hoursofpractice.What’sevenmorerevealingisthattherewereno43:Allofthetopperformershad44greateffortstotheirpractice.Itseemsthatnoextraordinarytalentcan45withouttoughpractice.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子,来论证一个观点,即出色的能力并非仅来源于天赋,而是需要大量的严格练习。31.A.admit B.assumeC.realize D.hope答案B解析根据上文“Mozartisconsideredbymanyasthegreatestcomposerwhoeverlived.”可知,莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作曲家,所以许多人认为取得像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋。32.A.motivation B.progressC.fate D.determination答案C解析根据上文“duetotalent,oreveninborninspirationor”可知,空处和talent以及inborninspiration并列,结合选项,应是“fate(命运)”符合语境。故选C项。33.A.amazed B.excitedC.questioned D.scared答案A解析根据下文“theworldattheageofsix”可知,6岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。34.A.slowly B.hurriedlyC.widely D.closely答案D解析根据下文“wefindthattheseindividualsactuallyhadtopracticecountlesshoursbeforeshowingtheirremarkabletalent”可知,发现了一个结论,应是仔细观察这一现象才可以得出。

35.A.old-fashioned B.so-calledC.well-organized D.newly-discovered答案B解析根据主语“theseindividuals”可知,这些人指的是前文提到的神童,所以应是他们“所谓的非凡才能”符合语境。36.A.begins B.exists C.ends D.grows答案A解析根据下文“withmassivetimeinvestedinpractice”可知,投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以是训练很早就开始了。37.A.polish B.spreadC.display D.broadcast答案C解析根据上文“whenthesix-year-oldMozarttouredEurope”以及下文“hisbrilliantpianoskills”可知,莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出,应是展示他卓越的钢琴技巧。38.A.exchanged B.acceleratedC.undergone D.missed答案C解析根据上文“Infact,scientistsindicatethataprodigy’strainingtypicallyataveryearlyage,withmassivetimeinvestedinpractice.”可知,神童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了,并投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以此处应是已经接受了3500小时的音乐训练。

39.A.achievement B.ambitionC.exploration D.experience答案A解析根据上文“Ifyoucomparethistootherpianistswhohavepracticedforaslong”可知,和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比,应是莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别。40.A.otherthan B.ratherthanC.aswell