上海市杨浦区2020-2021学年高三英语上学期期中试题含解析

欢迎下载！祝您成绩进步，生活愉快！PAGEPAGE29上海市杨浦区2020-2021学年高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Attheconstructionsite.B.Intheplayground.C.Intheoffice.D.Atthecentralstation.2.A.Leavetheofficeimmediately.B.Preparetheofficeforthetyphoon.C.Protectthefurniturefromthetyphoon.D.Shutdownalltheelectricappliances.3.A.Shewon'tbefooledbythelowprices.B.ShelikestheEuropeanbrandsmost.C.Theitemsaretooexpensiveforher.D.Thetopbrandsareunbelievablycheap.4.A.Heaskedeveryonetolookforhisphone.B.Heforgottoputhisphoneinthebackpack.C.Hehadaseriousmentalbreakdown:D.Hethoughthehadlosthisphone.5.A.Worried.B.Confident.C.ConfusedD.Reluctant.6.A.At7:30.B.At8:30.C.At8:00.D.At7:00.7.A.Windy.B.Snowy.C.Rainy.D.Foggy.8.A.Jennyneedstimetogetreadyforthejob.B.Jennydoesn'tlikehernewassignment.C.TheappointmentsurprisesJennygreatly.D.Theappointmentrequiresbeingonguard.9.A.Ericistakingatwo-dayleavefromwork.B.Eric'scompanyallowsaflexibleworkingmode.C.ErichasgonetoNewYorkforholiday.D.Eric'scompanyhasanoverseasofficeinNewYork.10.A.Heiscrazyaboutpopculture.B.Heusedtosupporttheband.C.Heneverstoppedlovingtheband.D.Hewroteanti-climatechangesongs.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.PretendingtobeaBatmanhelpsyougetthroughtoughtimes.B.Pretendingtobesomeoneelsehelpsyouforgetyourtrouble.C.Imaginingyourselftobeastrongfiguremakesyoufeelpowerful.D.BelievinginyourownstrengthgivesyouBatman'spower.12.A.Itrequiresspecializedtraining.B.Itismostusefulinexams.C.Itmainlyappliestochildren.D.Itworksbetterwithreallifefigures.13.A.Atiponhowtoovercomeanxiety.B.Asuggestiononhowtodealwithstrangers.C.Anoutlineofpsychologicalapplications.D.Adiscussionaboutasocialphenomenon.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14.A.55B.3,000C.33,000D.23015.A.Hehaskeptarecordofthemovementsofbluewhalessince1966.B.Heintroducedthebanonthehuntingofbluewhalesin1966.C.Hethoughtthepopulationgrowthofbluewhaleswasrealandsignificant.D.Hethoughtthehighnumberofbluewhaleswasaone-timeoccurrence.16A.thereasonforbluewhales’extinction.B.Theproblemsfacingbluewhales'existence.C.Thehistoricsurveyofendangeredspecies.D.Thesurprisecomebackofbluewhales.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.TheITdepartmenthadlatelyreceivedareport.B.Mira'scomputerwasfoundtohavebeeninfectedwithavirus.C.SomeunusualonlineactivitywastracedtoMira'scomputer.D.TheITdepartmentwasinspectingthecomputerofficebyoffice.18.A.Sheupdatedtheoperatingsystem.B.Shestoredsomeimportantfiles.C.Shedeletedsomedownloadedstuff.D.Shefixedtheexternalstoragedevice.19.A.Colleagues.B.Bossandemployee.C.Friends.D.Technicianandclient.20.A.Itusuallyattacksjunke-mailsandpop-upads.B.Itcanbedetectedbythenewanti-virussoftware.C.Itisdifficultandtakesmuchtimetoremove.D.Itslowsdowntherecordingofonlineactivity.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ForeignAccentSyndrome(综合症)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She____1____(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.___2___shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead____3____(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone____4____(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How___5___(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason____6____mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith___7___wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound____8____me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧视)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress____9____onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto____10____ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】1.hadcomplained2.Bythetime3.blaming4.tocommunicate5.shocking6.which/that7.what8.like9.can10.that【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了31岁的艾米丽患了一种名为“外国口音综合症”的病症，导致她说话的口音时常发生变化。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她抱怨头疼已经有两周了，直到有一天，她的同事发现她说话速度变慢、不清楚，这都是中风的征兆。根据后文“twoweeksbefore”可知动作发生在“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填hadcomplained。【2题详解】考查固定短语。句意：当艾米丽被紧急送往医院时，她已经完全丧失了说话的能力。从句为一般过去时，主句为过去完成时，可知动作发生有先后，可联想到bythetime，表示“到……的时候”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Bythetime。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行了一些测试后，医生排除了中风的可能性，而是将她的失声归咎于某种脑损伤。分析句子结构可知blame在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语doctors构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填blaming。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在医院呆了三周后，艾米丽仍然不能说话，她只能依靠在工作中学会的基本手语和手机上的文本语音转换应用程序来交流。分析句子结构可知communicate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填tocommunicate。【5题详解】考查形容词。句意：当艾米丽最初注意到她的东欧口音时，她是多么震惊啊！更让她震惊的是，她注意到有时她的口音会突然变成波兰语、意大利语，甚至是法语。根据后文“itwas”可知此处作表语应用形容词，且主语为it，故应用-ing结尾形容词shocking。故填shocking。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：虽然她不知道可能有助于解释她的情况的原因，但她已注意到这与她有多累有关。此处为定语从句修饰先行词reason，且先行词在从句中，作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【7题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：2020年3月，她被正式诊断出患有通常被称为外国口音综合症的疾病。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故应用what引导。故填what。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：当我的声音开始恢复的时候，我非常兴奋，但是现在我甚至都不认识从我嘴里发出来的声音，它听起来不像我。结合句意表示“听起来像”短语为soundlike。故填like。【9题详解】考查情态动词。句意：现在，她的声音恢复了，但不幸的是，她不得不面对那些认为她是移民的人的歧视，她不得不请假，因为压力只会让她的情况更糟。由stress作主语但谓语make为原形可知此处填情态动词，再根据句意压力会使她的情况更加恶化，可知应用can。故填can。【10题详解】考查代词。句意：艾米丽的情况听起来和米歇尔·迈尔斯的情况惊人地相似。米歇尔·迈尔斯是亚利桑那州的一名妇女，她从未出过美国，但在经历了严重的头痛后，她的口音有英国口音、爱尔兰口音和澳大利亚口音。指代前面的case，应用that。故填that。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.loweredB.administeringC.supportsD.scientificallyE.diagnosedF.originallyG.accessH.gapsI.expandingJ.rangingK.balloonCanFoodReplaceMedicine?IfFoodisindeedmedicine,thenit’stimetotreatitthatway.Inhisupcomingbook,EattoBeatDiseases,DrWilliamLi,aheartexpert,pullstogetheryearsofstoreddataandprocessesspecificdoses(剂量)offoodthatcantreatdiseases___11___fromamildcoldtocancer.Notalldoctorsagreethatthesciencesupports___12___foodlikedrugs,butheishopingtheideawillmotivatemoreresearcherstostudyfoodinwaysas___13___strictaspossibleandgeneratestrongerdataincomingyears.“Wearefarawayfromprescribing(开处方)dietstofightdiseases,”hesays.“Andwemaynevergetthere.Butwearelookingtofillinthe___14___thathavelongexistedinthisfieldwithrealscience.Thisisthebeginningofabettertomorrow.”Andtalkingaboutfoodintermsofdosesmightpushmoredoctorstofocusonpatients'grocerylistsinstead.Sofar,severalhundredpeoplewhorelyontheFreshFoodProgramhavehadtheirriskofseriousdiabetes(糖尿病)complications___15___by40%andhospitalizationscutby70%comparedwithotherdiabeticpeopleintheareawholack___16___totheprogram.Thisyear,onthebasisofitssuccesssofar,theFreshFoodProgramisdoublingthenumberofpatientsit___17___.Shicowichknowsfirsthandhowimportantthatwillbeforpeoplelikehim.Whenhewasfirst___18___,helostweightandcontrolledhisbloodsugar,buthefoundthosechangeshardtomaintainandsoonsawhisweight___19___andhisblood-sugarlevelsskyrocket.Hehasbecomeoneoftheprogram’sbetter-knownsuccessstories,andnowworksparttimeintheproducesectionofasupermarketandcooksnearlyallhismeals.He’s____20____hiscookingskillstoincludefish,whichhehadnevertriedpreparingbefore.“Iknowwhathealthyfoodlookslike,andIknowwhattodowithitnow,”hesays.“Withoutthisprogramandwithoutthesupportsystem,Iwillprobablystillbesittingonacouchwithaboxofbiscuits.”【答案】11.J12.B13.D14.H15.A16.G17.C18.E19.K20.I【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了食物是否能代替药物治疗疾病。【11题详解】考查现在分词。句意：心脏专家WilliamLi博士在他即将出版的新书《吃战胜疾病》中，收集了多年的存储数据，并处理了特定剂量的食物，这些食物可以治疗从轻度感冒到癌症等各种疾病。根据语法可知，这里需要填写一个现在分词，而且句意为这种食物能够治疗的范围是从普通感冒到癌症，range的用法是sth.rangesfromAtoB“范围从A到B”，符合文意，故选J。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：并不是所有的医生都同意科学支持像管理药物一样管理食物，但他希望这个想法能激励更多的研究人员以尽可能科学严格的方式研究食物，并在未来几年产生更有力的数据。根据语法可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰foodlikedrugs，administeringfood固定搭配，可理解为“可服用的食物”。故选B。【13题详解】考查副词。句意同上。这里选择一个副词来修饰strict这个形容词，意思是研究人员需要用尽可能科学严格的方式去研究食物，scientificallystrict“科学方面严格的”，符合文意。故选D。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：但我们希望用真正的科学来填补这个领域长期存在的空白。根据语法可知，这里需要填写一个名词，fillinthegaps“填补空白”，固定搭配，意为我们正在找办法填补长期以来存在的空白。故选H。【15题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，数百名依赖于新鲜食品项目人，与该地区无法获得该项目的其他糖尿病患者相比，他们患严重糖尿病并发症的风险降低了40%，住院率降低了70%。这里需要一个谓语动词，根据句意可知，患糖尿病的风险降低了40%，所以用lowered。故选A。【16题详解】考查名词。句意同上。这里需要名词，have/lackaccessto“可以/不能利用”，根据文意可知，这个地区的糖尿病患者没有途径去接近这个项目。故选G。【17题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：今年，在目前成功的基础上，生鲜食品计划将其资助的病人数量增加了一倍。这里需要一个谓语动词，根据句意可知，FreshFoodProgram使得它资助的病人数量翻倍了，support“资助”，符合文意。故选C。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：当他第一次被诊断时，他减轻了体重，控制了血糖，但他发现这些变化很难维持，很快他就发现他的体重急剧膨胀，血糖水平飙升。这里需要一个动词-ed形式，根据文意可知，当他第一次被诊断的时候，他体重下去了，diagnose“诊断”。故选E。【19题详解】考查名词。句意同上。weightballoon是固定搭配，可理解为因长胖身体像球一样，比较形象的表达。故选K。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：他将自己的烹饪技能扩展到了以前从未尝试过的鱼。根据语法可知，这里需要一个动词-ing形式，expand“拓展”，意为他正在拓宽自己的做饭技能，包括做鱼，这是他以前从来没有做过的。故选I。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TrackersonIceJustbecauseascientistputsaGPStrackingcollaronawildpolarbeardoesnotmeantheanimalwillwillinglykeepiton.___21___,thesehugecollarsarepurposefullyloosesothatifonebecomesannoying,abearcan___22___it.Butscientistshavenowfoundawaytousesignalsfromthediscarded(丢弃的)devices.“Thesedroppedcollars___23___wouldhavebeenconsideredgarbagedata,”saysNatashaKlappstein,apolarbearresearcherattheUniversityofAlberta.Sheandhercolleaguesinsteadused___24___fromsuchcollars,leftonseaiceinCanada'sHudsonBay,totracktheiceitself.Fortheirstudy,publishedinJuneinTheCryosphere,theresearchers___25___twentycollarsthatsentmovementdataconsistent(与······一致的)withicedriftratherthanpolarbear___26___between2005and2015.TheresultingrecordsofhowmeltingicetypicallydriftsinHudsonBayareunique;therearenoeasily___27___on-the-groundsensors,andsatelliteobservationsoftencannot___28___capturethemotionofsmallicesheets.Theteamcomparedthediscardedcollars'movementswithwidelyusedice-driftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter(NSIDC).CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay--aswellastheoverall___29___ofdrift.Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddriftawayfromanicesheet'slocationbyafewhundredkilometers,theresearcherssay.Thismeansthebearsmaybeworkingharder,whenmovingagainstthedirectionoftheice,thanscientistshad____30____.“Sincewe'reunderestimatingthespeedofdrift,we'relikelyunderestimatingtheenergeticeffortofpolarbears,"saysNatashaKlappstein.Theresearchreveals____31____insight(洞悉)intohowhighlymobileicemoves.Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears,suchicewilllikelybecomemore____32____farthernorth,inthecentralArctic.ScientistshadknownNSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds,but“anytimewecanfindadata____33____,itisagoodthing.”Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseas____34____withdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Thefindingsmayeven____35____futureNSIDCmodels.“It'sareallynicedataset,”Meiersays."Andcertainlyonewe’lltakeconsideration.21.A.Infact B.Inaway C.Inaddition D.Intheend22.A.destroy B.remove C.resist D.reject23.A.particularly B.relevantly C.intentionally D.potentially24.A.estimates B.subjects C.measurements D.patents25.A.displayed B.identified C.justified D.preserved26.A.behavior B.habitat C.manner D.motion27.A.flexible B.favorable C.accessible D.changeable28.A.internally B.accurately C.securely D.independently29.A.extent B.damage C.trend D.limit30.A.agreed B.promised C.proved D.assumed31.A.immediate B.superior C.entire D.timely32.A.evident B.unique C.common D.realistic33.A.gap B.scan C.boom D.fit34A.replaced B.littered C.packed D.matched35.A.reverse B.resemble C.influence D.motivate【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.A30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家通过被丢弃的项圈获得数据来研究北极冰的移动。【21题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，这些巨大的项圈是故意松开的，如果一个项圈让熊觉得讨厌，熊可能会把它取下来。A.Infact事实上；B.Inaway某种程度上；C.Inaddition另外；D.Intheend最后。根据上下文可知，科学家将GPS跟踪项圈放在野生北极熊身上，并不意味着北极熊会愿意继续使用它。后文表示实际情况，项圈是故意松开的，可以被北极熊摘下的。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这些巨大的项圈是故意松开的，这样如果一个项圈让熊觉得讨厌，熊可能会把它取下来。A.destroy摧毁；B.remove移掉，脱下，摘下；C.resist抵抗，抵制；D.reject拒绝。此处表示北极熊不愿带项圈时，项圈是可以被北极熊摘下的。故选B项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这些掉下来的项圈很有可能被认为是垃圾数据，”阿尔伯塔大学的北极熊研究人员娜塔莎·克拉普斯坦说。A.particularly尤其；B.relevantly相关地；C.intentionally有意地；D.potentially有可能地。根据上文语境，由于项圈可以被松开，因此，这部分掉下来的项圈很有可能被认为是垃圾数据。故选D项。24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，她和她的同事利用遗留在加拿大哈德逊湾的冰块上留下的项圈上的测量数据来追踪冰块本身。A.estimates估计；B.subjects主题；C.measurements测量数据；D.patents专利。与上文garbagedata呼应，根据本句中“fromsuchcollars”可知，在项圈上的应该是测量数据。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在六月份发表在《冰冻圈》上的研究中，研究人员鉴定了20个项圈，它们在2005年到2015年之间发送的运动数据与冰层漂移而不是与北极熊的运动一致。A.displayed展示；B.identified识别，鉴定；C.justified证明合法；D.preserved保护。此处是出于研究目的，从四个选项来看只有identified最符合搭配。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在六月份发表在《冰冻圈》上的研究中，研究人员鉴定了20个项圈，它们在2005年到2015年之间发送的运动数据与冰层漂移而不是与北极熊的运动一致。A.behavior行为；B.habitat栖息地；C.manner方式、礼仪；D.motion运动。本题为单词复现题。第8空所在的句子“andsatelliteobservationsoftencannotaccuratelycapturethemotionofsmallicesheets”中出现了motion。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于融化的冰如何在哈德逊湾典型漂移的结果记录是独特的：地面传感器不易探测，卫星观测常常无法准确捕捉小冰原的运动。A.flexible灵活的；B.favorable赞许的；C.accessible易接近的、可理解的；D.changeable可改变的。根据“oftencannot”及“noeasily”可知，此处表示无法探测地面传感器。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：关于融化的冰如何在哈德逊湾典型漂移的结果记录是独特的：地面传感器不易探测，卫星观测常常无法准确捕捉小冰原的运动。A.internally内部地；B.accurately精确地；C.securely安全地；D.independently独立地。根据“capturethemotionofsmallicesheets”及“noeasily”可知，此处表示无法精确捕捉小冰原的运动。故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾海冰移动的速度——以及漂移的总体范围。A.extent范围；B.damage毁坏；C.trend趋势；D.limit限制。根据下文“Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddriftawayfromanicesheet'slocationbyafewhundredkilometers”可知，此处指总体的漂移范围。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着北极熊在逆冰移动的时候可能比科学家们想象的更加努力。A.agreed同意；B.promised保证；C.proved证明；D.assumed设想，假设。根据后文的“underestimating”可知，此处表示科学家的设想。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究及时地揭示了高速移动的冰是如何移动的。A.immediate立刻的；B.superior更好的，上级的；C.entire整体的；D.timely及时的。从文章后面对于近年冰盖变化的描述来看，此处是表达科学家对于冰盖漂移发现的及时性。故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于冰川融化在未来几年会增加，这样的冰块在更北边的地方可能会变得更常见。A.evident清晰可见的；B.unique独一无二的；C.common普通的，常见的；D.realistic现实的。根据“Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears”推测，这样的冰块在北方更为常见。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们已经知道NSIDC的数据可能会低估漂移速度，但“任何时候我们都能发现数据缺口，这是一件好事。”A.gap缺口；B.scan扫描；C.boom（贸易和经济活动的）激增；D.fit（癫痫等的）突发，发作。根据“NSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds”和“itisagoodthing.”可知，这里指发现数据缺口。故选A项。【34题详解】考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：此外，未参与这项研究的NSIDC资深研究科学家WaltMeier说：“这些数据可以改善对溢油或其他污染物如何在满是浮冰的海洋中扩散的预测。”A.replaced被替换的；B.littered散放的；C.packed被打包的；D.matched被配对的。此处“litteredwithdriftingice”修饰“ocean”，为过去分词作后置定语，意思为：满是浮冰的。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的发现甚至也许会影响未来的NSIDC模型。A.reverse逆转；B.resemble类似，像；C.influence影响；D.motivate激励。上文有提到模型和实际的差距，因此这项研究只能影响到新的模型，做出调整和改进。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread(A)Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.However,somescientistsbelieveitshouldbeconsideredacompliment,giventhatmanybirdscanperformtasksthatwereonceconsideredsolelybyhumans.Theseincludemanufacturingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.Now,Griffin,anAfricanGreyparrot,hasprovedthatbirdsmayevenpossessbettervisualmemoriesthanhumanadultsandchildren.Thestudy,ledbyHarvardProfessorHragPailian,hadtheparrotcompeteintheshellgameagainsttwenty-oneundergraduatestudentsandtwenty-one6-to8-year-oldchildren.Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthree,ormore,invertedcupsornutshells,whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.TheHarvardteambeganbyplacingdifferent-coloredballsunderfourcupsandmovingthemaround.Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourballsatthesametime.Thecuppositionsweremovedbetweenzerotofourtimesforeachofthecombinations.AnanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatGriffinoutperformedthe6-to8-year-oldsacrossalllevelsonaverage.Evenmoreimpressive,the"birdbrain"performedaswellas,orslightlybetterthan,the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials!Itwasonlyinthefinaltwotests,whichhadthemostballsandmostmovement,thattheparrotfellbehindtheadults.However,Griffin'sperformanceneverfellbelowthatofthechildren.Thefunexperimentwasconductedtotestthebrain'sabilitytorecallmemoriesofthingsthatarenolongerinviewandthenupdatethemwhenfacedwithnewinformation,likeachangeinlocation.Thevisualworkingmemory,isoneofthefoundationsforintelligentbehavior.Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthatwasevolutionarilydifferentforcomparisonbuthadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans.Thefactthatthesmartparrotlovestoshowoffhisbrainpower,inexchangeforafewnuts,didnothurteither.36.BirdscandothefollowingtasksEXCEPT.A.usingtools B.solvingproblems C.identifyingobjects D.countingnumbers37.Intheexperiment,theparticipantsweresupposedto.A.distinguishtheballsandthecupsbasedonthecolorB.tellhowmanytimesthecoloredballsweremovedaroundC.indicatethelocationsoftheballsbytrackingtheirmovementD.countthenumberofballcombinationsandidentifytheirpositions38.WhatisthefindingofthestudyledbyHarvardprofessorHragPailian?A.Birds'brainiscapableofupdatinginformationconstantly.B.Birdsaregoodatdealingwithgame-likechallenges.C.Birdshavehigherlevelofintelligencethanchildren.D.Birdshavebettervisualmemoriesthanpreviouslythought.39.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Birdsgenerallylovetocompeteandshowoff.B.Birds’brainpowerusedtobeunderestimated.C.Birds’brainevolvedthewayhumansdid.D."Birdbrain"isusedasacomplimentnowadays.【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究发现许多鸟类能够完成曾经被认为只有人类才能完成的任务。文章主要介绍了这一研究的开展过程以及研究中关于鸟类的研究发现。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theseincludemanufacturingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.(这些包括制造和使用工具，解决问题，以及计划未来的需求)”以及第二段中“Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.(参赛鸟必须准确地辨认出物品所在的杯子)”可知使用工具、解决问题、识别物体都是鸟类能做到的，除了D选项“数数”文章没有提到。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourballsatthesametime.(为了使这项任务更具挑战性，研究人员要求参与实验的鸟同时追踪两个、三个和四个球)”可知，参与实验的鸟需要追踪球的移动而给球定位。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thefunexperimentwasconductedtotestthebrain'sabilitytorecallmemoriesofthingsthatarenolongerinviewandthenupdatethemwhenfacedwithnewinformation,likeachangeinlocation.Thevisualworkingmemory,isoneofthefoundationsforintelligentbehavior.(这个有趣的实验是为了测试大脑回忆不再在视野中的事物，并在面对新信息比如位置变化时,更新它们的能力。视觉工作记忆是智力行为的基础之一)”可知，哈佛大学教授HragPailian的研究发现鸟类的视觉记忆比之前认为的要好。故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.(人们常用"鸟脑"来形容一个人缺乏智慧和良好的决策能力)”可推知，鸟类的脑力过去常常被低估。故选B。ZB40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTUREabout11-DAYTourofUZBEKISTAN?A.Itdoesn’tcoverallaccommodation.B.Itfeaturessmall-grouptour.C.FlightsarebookedthroughWildFrontiers.D.Itprovideshomestaywiththelocals.41.AlltheinformationaboutthetwotoursisincludedintheadvertisementEXCEPT_____.A.departuredate B.mainattractions C.price D.flightinformation42.Thepurposeoftheadvertisementisto__________.A.comparetwooptionsoftheSilkRoadadventure.B.highlighttheculturalaspectoftheadvertisedtoursC.providedetailedinformationabouttheadvertisedtoursD.promoteaneco-friendlywayoftouringtheSilkRoad【答案】40.B41.D42.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了丝绸之路之旅的两条线路。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据What’sIncluded中Allaccommodation(全部的住宿)可知，选项A的描述错误；根据What’sIncluded中“Smallgroupsize,withamaximumof18people”（小型旅游团，最多不超过18人。）可知，选项B的描述正确；C和D选项在文章并没有相关说明。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。细节理解题，从表格中对twotours的介绍中可以看出，这个旅行项目介绍了线路，价格，出发时间，但并没有包含航班信息，故选D。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题和主要内容，可以看出广告的重点是介绍丝绸之路之旅的细节信息，包括介绍了丝绸之路的由来和特点、不同旅游团的特点以及theadventure所主要包含的内容。由此判断出，广告的目的是提供有关所宣传的旅游的详细信息。故选C。(C)In2013Mr.Baugherplanted7,000Fujiappletreesintheorchard(果园).Threeyearslater,justwhenthetreesshouldhavebeenbearingfruit,henoticedthatafewofthemhadyellowleaves.Withinweekstheyweredead.Thenextyear，theproblemspreadtomorethanafewtrees.Bylastyear,2,000ofMrBaugher’s7,000newtreesweredead.Mr.Baugherhastheworstcaseof"rapidappledecline"(RAD)inthecounty,butheisnotalone.ThemysteriousdiseasehasbeentroublinggrowersacrossAmerica'snortheastforatleastsixyears.KariPeter,afruit-treespecialistfirstobservedmassivedie-offsinherresearchorchardin2013.Shecameupwiththeterm"RAD".Butherattemptstoexplainithavenotproducedmuchfruit.Theusualreasonsforthedeathoftree-mouldinfestation,aknownvirus,disease,anearlyfrost-didn'tfitsymptoms.Herinvestigationonlyruledthingsout.Thedeadtreestendtobeyounger:twotoeight-years-old.Theyarenearingheprimeofproduction.Dwarftrees,whicharecommonlyusedbycommercialgrowers,seemtobethemostsubject.Historically,orchardsheld600-700appletreesanacre,butmostarenowhighproducingdwarftrees,whicharemorecompact.Growersplant1,200-1,500treesperacre.WorkingwiththeDepartmentofAgricultureKanfoundanewhiddenapplevirusintheinfectedtrees.Buttheycannotbesureifthisnewvirushasanyconnectionwiththedecline.ResearchersatCormellUniversityfoundthatseverecoldfollowedbydrought(旱灾)couldhaveweakenedthetreesleavingthemsubjecttoviruses.Otherscientiststhinkthatherbicidesmaybetoblame.DanDonahue,afruit-treespecialistsaysitcouldbeanyorallofthosetheories.Inarecentsampling,hefoundthat64%ofyoungtreeshadhiddenviruses.Thesedonotshowsymptoms,buttheycouldaffectvitality.Older,largerappletreeswerebetteratshruggingofftheviruses.RADisabigworryfortheapplegrowers.Customertasteischanging.TraditionalvarietieslikeRedDeliciousarenolongeracustomerfavourite,sogrowersarehavingtoinvestinnewvarieties.Fewoftheorchardgrowersareabletoabsorbtheeconomiclosses.Mr.BaugherfoundsomereliefintheTreeAssistanceProgramme,throughwhichthefederalgovernmentprovidesfinancialassistancetoorchard-ownerswhosetreesaredamagedbynaturaldisasters.Thesuddendeathofappletreesmaynotseemasdramaticasahurricane,butitisperhapsevenmoredangerous.Americanshavegivenconsiderablymorebeforeinthedefenseofapplepie.43.Theunderlinedword"compact"isclosestinmeaningto.A.complex B.dense C.remote D.regular44.WhatcanbelearnedaboutKariPeter?A.IttookhersixyearstocomeupwiththetermRAD.B.Herresearchledtoabreakthroughinapplecultivation.C.Shefailedtofindoutthedefinite