上海市2021高考英语试卷(精校)及参考答案

上海市2021高考英语试卷（精校）及参考答案2021年上海高考英语真题试卷_上海市2021高考英语试卷及参考答案第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAttendingcollegecanbeexpensive,andapplyingtocollegecanbecostlyaswell.Withtoday’scollegeapplicationfeesaveragingaround$80,youcanexpecttospendhundredsofdollarsoncollegebeforeyouareevenacceptedintoaschool.Oneoftheeasiestwaystosavemoneyoncollegeapplicationfeesbeforeyoubeginapplyingistonarrowdownyourlistofschools.Tosavemoney,trytolimittheschoolstowhichyouapplytoabout2-3reachschoolsand2-3safetyschools.Atsomeschools,beingarelativeofagraduatecansecureyouafreeapplication.Ifyouareapplyingtoaschoolwhereoneofyourparentsorgrandparentsisaformergraduate,checktoseeifyou’requalifiedforit.Researchthepreferredmethodofapplyingforeachschoolonyourlist.Someschoolsofferfreeonlineapplications,yetchargeafeeforpapersubmissions.Thisisbecauseonlineapplicationssaveschoolsthecostofemployingastaffmembertophysicallyentertheapplicationinformation.Severalstates,suchasMichiganandNorthCarolina,takepartinCollegeApplicationWeek,wheremanyschoolsintheparticipatingstatescanceltheirapplicationfeefortheweek.BesuretocontacttheschoolstoIjwhichyouareapplyingtoseeiftheyparticipateinCollegeApplicationWeekandwhentheprogramtakesplaceinthatstate.Applyforearlyadmission.Ifyouhavealreadydecidedonwhichcollegeisyourtopchoice,considerapplyingunderanEarlyActionorEarlyDecisionadmissionprogram.Ifyouareaccepted,youwon’thavetosubmitapplicationfeestootherschools.Formoreinformationregardingcollegeapplicationsandthefeesassociatedwiththem,contactyourhighIschooladvisorortheadmissionsdepartmentatyourschool(s)ofinterest.21.Thepassageismainlywrittento______.A.introducefamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStalesB.showsomepracticalwaystoapplyanidealcollegeC.advertiseforsuccessfulapplicationsandadvisorsD.offertipstosavemoneyoncollegeapplicationfees22.Whatdoestheauthoradvisetodointhesecondparagraph?A.Writedownyourfavoriteuniversities.B.Reducethenumberofyouruniversitychoices.C.Applytotwouniversitieseachtime.D.Mindyoursafetywhenapplyingtocollege.23.Someschoolsofferfreeonlineapplicationto______,A.receivefeesfasterthanbeforeB.employsomeoneelsetoworkC.cutdownthecostofemploymentD.entertheapplicationinformation24.Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat______,A.applicationfeemightbecanceledconditionallyB.manycountriesattendCollegeApplicationWeekC.applyingforearlyadmissionisthebestpolicyD.admissiondepartmentsdetermineyourfutureBEveryyear,some6.9millionchildrenundertheageoffivediefromdiseaseslikemalaria,pneumoniaandHIV.Theuntoldstoryofchildsurvivalisthattheglobalcommunitynowhasthecombinedknowledge,technicalknow-howandaffordabletoolstoendsuchchilddeaths.Evidenceshowsthatitispossibletodecreaseunder-fivedeathratesindevelopingcountriestolevelsapproachingthoseinwealthiercountries.Thatiswhy4yearsago―June,2021―theUS,EthiopiaandIndiajoinedtheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(orUNICEF)tolaunchChildSurvivalCalltoAction,aglobalefforttosavechildren’slives.Thegoalwastolowerchilddeathratesinthehardest-hitcountriesto20deathsper1,000livebirthsbytheyear2035.Zambiastartedaplanfocusedonnutritionandimmunization(免疫)thatwillsavemorethan26,000childreneachyear.Congoisdistributingpre-packagedsuppliestopreventandtreatthemostcommonkillers.Theyhopetosavethelivesofhalfamillionchildrenby2021.SimilareffortsaretakingplaceinEthiopia,Bangladesh,Yemen,andelsewhere.ChildSurvivalpartnercompaniesarealsodevelopinglife-savingvaccines(疫苗)andtreatmentfordiarrhea.Privateenterprisersandmedicalprofessionalsaretrainingandequippinghealthworkersin54countrieswithlife-savingtools.Stillothersaredevelopinganddeliveringsafewatertreatmentandstorageproducts.“Thishigh-levelforuminspiredaglobalmovement―CommittingtoChildSurvival:APromiseRenewed,”wroteUNICEFExecutiveDirectorAnthonyLake.“Fouryearspassing,itcontinuestobuildand,today,174countriesandover400civilsocietyandfaith-basedorganizationshavetakenupthechargeintheirowncommitments.Whilewestillhavealongwaytogo,thefirst4yearshaveseenimpressivegains.”25.Theunderlinedword“those”inParagraph1refersto______.A.6.9millionunder-fivechildrenB.affordabletoolstoendchilddeathC.deathsinthedevelopingcountriesD.deathratesofchildrenunderfive26.ChildSurvivalCallToActionwasfoundedto______.A.improvethelivingconditionsforpoorchildrenB.decreaseunder-fivedeathratesinsomecountriesC.raisesomemoneytosavechildren’slivesD.savechildreninthepoorestcountries27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Alldiseasescanbepreventedortreated.B.Governmentsandpartnersjoinedtheinitialeffort.C.Nutritionholdsthekeytolowerthedeathrates.D.Onlygovernmentsmadetheirbesttoreducethedeaths.28.HowdoesAnthonyLakefeeltowardsChildSurvivalCalltoAction?A.Time-consuming.B.Wasteful.C.Positive.D.Cold.CHowyoufeelandreacttoyourenvironmentonaday-to-daybasiscanbemeasuredbyyourbehavior,thoughts,andemotions.Yourpersonalitygivesyouaway!Therearefourfundamentalcharacteristicsofpersonality.First,itisconstantandpeopletendtobehaveinthesamewaywhentheymeetsimilarsituations.Second,personalitynotonlyinfluencesactions,butitalsoactuallycausespeopletobehaveinspecificways.Third,personalityisinfluencedbybothpsychologicalandbiologicalfactors.Finally,personalityisexpressednotonlyinbehaviors,butthroughemotions,thoughts,socialbehavior,andcloserelationships.Howtheworlddistinguishesyouisadirectreflectionofandreactiontohowyoupresentyourselftothem.Race,age,andsexarequalitiesyouhavenocontrolover,butcertainlycontributetoyourpersonalitybecauseofhowtheworldsensesyoubasedonthem.Apersonwhocontinuouslyexperiencesracialdiscriminationmayguardhimselfagainstitbyatfirstseemingcoldandunfriendly.Butonceheopensup,youmaydiscoversomeonecompletelydifferentinside.Physicalones,whichyoudevelopovertime,alsocontributetoyourpersonality,andincludewalkingpace,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions.Howyouwanttheworldtoseeyouinfluenceshowyoupresentyourselftoothers.Characteristicssuchasaltitude,responseandgeneralmindsetcreatethesurfaceofyourone-of-a-kindpersonality.Ifyou’relikemanypeople,theaspectsofyourpersonalityyouchoosetoshowmightdependonthepeopleyoumeet.Forinstance,thepersonalityyouexhibitaroundyourbossisprobablyalotdifferentfromthepersonalityyoushowtoyourclosestfriends.Alloftheseelementsmakeupthe“you”thatonlyyoutrulyknow.Andonlyyoucandecidewhentosharethesepartsofyourpersonalitywithothercolleagues.29.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Someaspectsofpersonality.B.Waystodeveloppersonality.C.Whatcontributestopersonality.D.Whypersonalityisimportant.30.ItcanbeknownfromParagraph2that______.A.one’spersonalityismerelydeterminedbybirthB.personalityconsistsofbehavior,thoughtsandrelationshipsC.personalityhasnothingtodowithone’scareerlifeD.theenvironmentandthesituationinfluenceone’spersonality31.Theintendedreadersforthepassageareprobably______.A.receptionistsB.studentsC.officeclerksD.policeofficersDFormany.DaylightSavingTime(DST:夏令时)simplymeansrememberingtochangetheclocksandtwistingyoursleepschedule.“Eventhoughthetimechangeisonlyanhour,itissomethingthatcausesmuchmoredestructionthanpeoplebelieve,”saidDr.JohnSharp,apsychologistandpsychiatristatBeth-IsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston.“It’snotjustanextrahourofsleep;it’smoreofafast-forwardintowinter.”Withdaysgettingdarkerearlier,Sharpsuggestsmakingato-dolistforactivitiesafterworkaheadoftime.“Anyplansyouhave,say,goingtothegymafterwork,requiremuchmoreeffortanddetermination.It’smuchbettertoplanmorecarefullyandnotjustrelyonhowyoufeel,especiallywhenitisdarkout,”hesaid.“Figureitoutinadvanceandstickwiththeplan.”Inaddition.SharpsaysintheweeksafterDaylightSaving,somemayfeelliketheyhaveabiggerappetite.“Eatingmoreduringthistimeisnottheanswer.Peopleneedtostayonaneatingscheduleandkeepuphealthyhabits.”However,Sharpsaidtherearewaystobetteracclimateyourselftothetimechange.Ifyouarehavingtroublesleeping,hesuggeststakingsomemelatonin(退黑激素)intheevening.Incontrast,ifyoufindyourselffeelingsleepy.Sharpsaidthereisnothingwrongwithaddinganextracaffeinateddrinkduringyourday.Awordtothewise?Onesurewaytobetteradjusttothetimechangeistostartgoingtobed15minutesearlierstartingfourdaysbeforeDaylightSaving,addinganadditional15minuteseachnight.32.Whichisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.AreyoupreparedforDST?B.WhyDSTwasintroduced?C.WhatDSThasbroughttolife?D.HowDSThasbeenpopular?33.WhatdoesJohnSharpsuggestinParagraph2?A.Gettingupearlierthanbefore.B.Stickingtothedailyroutine.C.Beingawareofqualitysleep.D.Gettingwell-preparedforDST.34.Theunderlinedword“acclimate”inParagraph4canbereplacedby______.A.adoptB.accelerateC.adaptD.acknowledge35.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom______.A.ascientificreportB.aninterviewC.aspeechD.astatement第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SomeWaystoAvoidGettingSickNobodyenjoysbeingsickbuteventhebestofuscanfallsick.Changesintheenvironment,suchasthequalityoftheairwebreathe,canleadtodevelopmentofcertainillnesseslikeallergiesorcancer,whenthebody’sownimmunesystemworksagainstit.36.___1.EatHealthily.Firstofall,sticktoahealthydiet.Evenifyoueatless,itisofgreathelpnottoskipmeals.Breadwithbutter/jam,aneggormilkatbreakfast,orfruitsorfruitjuicewouldbegoodforbreakfast.37.___Dinnerideallyshouldconsistofsoupandvegetablesornon-vegetarianfare.Rewardyourselfwithsomecookies,evenchocolatesduringthedayorattea-time.2.38.___Exercisingisvital.Youdon’thavetobeafitnessfreak.Performingsomehouseholdchoresorshoppingorevenclimbingstairsinsteadoftakingthelifthelpstobumoffcalories.Exercisesatthebeginningofthedaywillhelpmoreandtoneupthebody.Theheavy-eatershavetoexercisemore,andvigorously.3.Saynotocigarettesmoking.It’sbeenmedicallyproved―cigarettesmokingdoescausecancer,butsadlypeoplegetaddicted.39.___Ifpeoplearoundyoucansufferfromsecondarysmoking,howmuchareyouhurtingyourself?Cigar-smokingisrecommendedforthosewholovetolightup.4.Cheersforthegoodnews!Wealllikethecupthatcheers.Poetshavewrittenpoemstoalcohol,songstersaregreatfansandeveryoneraisesatoastnowandthen.40.___Ifyoulovelodrink,consultyourphysicianandworkoutwhatandhowmuchsuitsyoubest.A.Doingexerciseisamust.B.Haveascheduleddailyroutine.C.Thenexttimeyouwanttoreachoutforthatcigarettepacket,thinkagain.D.Wecantry,however,tomaintaingoodhealthbypickingupafewhealthyhabits.E.Lunchcanbelight,perhapsvegetable/cheese―chickenandsteaksareavailableforthenon-porkeaters.F.Buttoomuchofalcoholorwineissuretobumupsomethinginsideyou,whichwon’tbecaloriesbutacertainorganofthebody.G.Apeacefulwalkcanalsohelpyoutorelaxasyouarebathedinthesunshine―oxygenandvitaminD―whileyoubumupcaloriesinafavoritemanner.第三部分:英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwasfour,Ilostmysightbyfallingoffaboxcarandlandingonmyhead.NowI’mthirty-two.Ican41___rememberthebrightnessofsunshineandwhatcolorredis.It’dbewonderfultoseeagain,buta42___candostrangethingstopeople.It43___metheotherdaythatImightn’thavecometolovelifeasIdonowifIhadn’tbeen44___.Thelossofmyeyesmademe45___themorewhatIhadleft.Ittookmeyearstodiscoverandstrengthenthis46___.Ithadtostartwiththemost47___things.Onceamangavemeanindoor48___“Ican’tusethis,”Iwashurt,thinkinghe’s49___me.“Takeitwithyou,”heurgedme,“androllitaround.”Thewords50___inmyhead.ByrollingtheballIcould51___whereitwent.Thisgavemeanidea52___toachievethegoalIhadthought53___;playingbaseball.Later,atPhiladelphia’sOverbrookSchoolfortheBlind,I54___asuccessfulvariation(变体)ofbaseball.Wecalleditgroundball.Lifeasksacontinuousseriesof55___toreality―Ibelieveit!Themore56___you’reabletomakethem,